1989 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete
the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
EXAMPLE:
I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER: [A]
1. Modern man faces dangers completely unknown ________ his predecessors.
[A] for
[B] to
[C] of
[D] by
2. The chances of seeing a helicopter in my hometown are one ________ a
million.
[A] for
[B] to
[C] in
[D] against
3. ________ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at
once.
[A] Since that
[B] Since now
[C] By now
[D] Now that
4. We hope the measures to control prices, ________ taken by the government,
will succeed.
[A] when
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[B] as
[C] since
[D] after
5. The historical events of that period are arranged ________.
[A] in alphabetical order
[B] in an alphabetical order
[C] in the alphabetical orders
[D] in alphabetical orders
6. In some markets there may be only one seller. ________ is called a monopoly.
[A] Situation as this
[B] Such kind of situation
[C] Such a situation
[D] A situation of this
7. He is ________ to speak the truth.
[A] too much of a coward
[B] too much a coward
[C] so much a coward
[D] so much of a coward
8. He always gives ________ to his wife’s demands and does whatever she tells
him to.
[A] up
[B] away
[C] in
[D] out
9. It’s ________ in the regulations that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you.
[A] laid upon
[B] laid out
[C] laid up
[D] laid down
10. Look at all the corruption that’s going on. It’s time the city was ________.
[A] cleaned out
[B] cleaned down
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[C] cleaned away
[D] cleaned up
11. Though he did not say so directly, the inspector ________ the man was guilty.
[A] declared
[B] implied
[C] disclosed
[D] said
12. The Prime Minister refused to ________ on the rumour that he had planned to
resign.
[A] explain
[B] comment
[C] remark
[D] talk
13. I asked the tailor to make a small ________ to my trousers because they were
too long.
[A] change
[B] variation
[C] revision
[D] alteration
14. Magnificent views over the countryside have often ________ people to write
poems.
[A] excited
[B] inspired
[C] induced
[D] attracted
15. The food was divided ________ according to the age and size of the children.
[A] equally
[B] proportionately
[C] sufficiently
[D] adequately
Section II: Reading Comprehension
Each of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question
there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to
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each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
Test 1
A scientist once said: “I have concluded that the earth is being visited by
intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.”
If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying
objects), questions immediately come up.
“Why don’t they get in touch with us, then? Why don’t they land right on the
White House lawn and declare themselves?” people asked.
In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not
necessarily be what they want.
“The most likely explanation, it seems to me,” said Dr. Mead, “is that they are
simply watching what we are up to -- that responsible society outside our solar
system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don’t set in motion a chain reaction
that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.”
Opinions from other scientists might go like this: “Why should they want to get
in touch with us? We may feel we’re more important than we really are! They may
want to observe us only and not interfere with the development of our civilization.
They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say ‘hello’.”
Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife
reserve. Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals
and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth
was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.
Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the
universe? Are they watching our progress in space travel? Do we live in a gigantic
“zoo” observed by our “keepers,” but having no communication with them?
Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. The simple
fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may
not be so. Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may
very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.
16. People who ask the question “Why don’t they get in touch with us... and declare
themselves?” think that ________.
[A] there are no such things as UFOs
[B] UFOs are visitors from solar system
[C] there’s no reason for UFOs sooner or later
[D] we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later
17. According to Dr. Mead, the attitude of beings from outer space toward us is one
of ________.
[A] unfriendliness
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[B] suspicion
[C] superiority
[D] hostility
18. The tone of the writer is that of ________.
[A] doubt
[B] warning
[C] indifference
[D] criticism
Test 2
The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth
century; as an increasing number of countries develop both technically and
economically, so a larger proportion of the world’s population is able to buy and use
a car. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to
move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public
transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from
different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted
to a choice within a small radius. Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable
than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and
the air conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is no
irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long
patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes.
With the building of good, fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and
pleasantly. For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy
their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends,
instead of being confined to their immediate neighbourhood. This feeling of
independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest
advantage of the car.
When considering the drawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime importance. As
more and more cars are produced and used, so the emission from their exhaust-pipes
contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas. Some of the contents of this gas,
such as lead, not only pollute the atmosphere but cause actual harm to the health of
people. Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society, headaches,
tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air;
doctors’ surgeries are full of people suffering from illnesses caused by pollution. It is
also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns;
most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion. In fact any
advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city driving by the frustration
caused by traffic jams: endless queues of cars crawling one after another through all
the main streets. As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised,
the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems
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which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent.
The mounting cost of petrol and the increased license fees and road tax all add to the
driver’s worries. In fact, he must sometimes wonder if the motor car is such a
blessing and not just a menace.
19. More and more people can afford to buy and use cars because ________.
[A] an increasing number of cars are being produced
[B] the cost of cars is getting cheaper with the development of technology
[C] lots of countries have become more developed
[D] the use of cars has proved to be more economical
20. The advantages of having a car are best experienced in the driver’s ________.
[A] freedom in choosing his job
[B] comfort during the travels
[C] enjoyment of his leisure time
[D] feeling of self-reliance
21. What is considered by the writer as the greatest menace to the people caused by
the widespread use of motor cars?
[A] air pollution
[B] traffic jams
[C] fatal diseases
[D] high cost
Test 3
Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically
non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman
aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up
and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does
offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from
the older generation.
This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by
young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer
deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to work should take
their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be
physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should
stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the
old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that
we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First
come, first served,” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a
cripple stands? Yet this is all too often seen.
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Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is
surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behaviour of
these stout young men in a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a
prison-camp during the War. Would they have considered it only right and their
proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?
Older people, tired and irritable from a day’s work, are not angels, either -- far
from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary
queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend
this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.
If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems
imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also
that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All
over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop
assistants won’t bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash
dangerously round corners, bus conductor pull the bell before their desperate
passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us
that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.
22. From what you have read, would you expect manners to improve among people
________?
[A] who are physically weak or crippled
[B] who once lived in a prison-camp during the War
[C] who live in big modern cities
[D] who live only in metropolitan cities
23. What is the writer’s opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?
[A] Now that women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated
differently from men.
[B] It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats
to young women.
[C] “Lady First” should be universally practiced.
[D] Special consideration ought to be shown them.
24. According to the author communication between human beings would be
smoother if ________.
[A] people were more considerate towards each other
[B] people were not so tired and irritable
[C] women were treated with more courtesy
[D] public transport could be improved
25. What is the possible meaning of the word “deterioration” in the last paragraph
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