- In a materialistic and______society, people’s interest seems to be focused solely on monetary pursuit.(2008 年中国科学院考博英语词汇题 1)
A. adaptive
B. addictive
C. acquisitive
D. arrogant
- Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are.______the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.(2008 年中国科学院考博英语完形题 21)
A. Suppose
B. Consider
C. Observe
D. Imagine
Passage One
For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them expensive urine. After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment.
...
36. What does the author mean by "give them expensive urine" (Line 2, Paragraph 1)?(2008 年中国科学院考博英语阅读题 36)
A. Multivitamins are too expensive for daily use.
B. Multivitamins are not fully absorbed by the body.
C. Taking multivitamins does no good to health.
D. Taking multivitamins is harmful to health.
(1) The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.(2008 年中国科学院考博英语翻译题 1)
TOPIC: Should universities embrace or reject the application of artificial intelligence in academia? Please give specific examples to support your argument.(2026 年考博英语热点预测题,参照中国科学院命题规律)
- 考点定位:本题考查形容词词义辨析与语境适配,核心是 “匹配‘物质主义社会’的核心特征”,属于考博英语词汇题中 “语境逻辑 + 词义精准度” 的典型题型,占词汇部分总分值的 10%(0.5/5 分)。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. adaptive(适应的):侧重 “能够调整自身以适应环境”,与 “focused solely on monetary pursuit”(专注金钱追求)的语义无关联,排除;
- B. addictive(成瘾的):特指 “对某物产生生理或心理依赖”,题干未涉及 “成瘾性” 相关描述,语义不符,排除;
- C. acquisitive(贪得的):核心含义为 “渴望获取物质财富或资源”,与 “materialistic”(物质主义的)形成同义并列,精准匹配 “人们专注金钱追求” 的社会特征,符合语境;
- D. arrogant(傲慢的):描述 “态度高傲、轻视他人”,与 “物质主义”“金钱追求” 等核心话题无关,排除。
- 备考拓展:考博英语词汇题中,形容词辨析占比超 40%,需重点关注 “同义并列语境” 下的词汇匹配(如本题 “materialistic and acquisitive”)。结合中国科学院过程工程研究所科研导向特点,建议额外积累 “科研相关形容词”(如 “quantitative 定量的”“empirical 实证的”),可通过真题例句强化记忆,避免孤立背词。
- 考点定位:本题考查动词词义辨析与篇章衔接逻辑,核心是 “引出例证的常用表达”,属于完形填空 “语篇结构 + 动词用法” 的核心题型,占完形部分总分值的 6.7%(1/15 分)。
- 语境分析:题干前句提出观点 “Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are”(动物智力研究总让我们好奇人类有多聪明),后句紧跟 “the fruit-fly experiments”(果蝇实验),显然需填入 “引出具体例证” 的动词,构建 “观点 + 例证” 的语篇结构。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. Suppose(假设):用于提出虚拟场景(如 “Suppose it rains”),而题干中 “果蝇实验” 是真实存在的研究案例,非假设内容,排除;
- B. Consider(考虑 / 想想):常用搭配 “Consider sth./sb.” 表示 “以某事 / 某物为例”,符合 “引出例证支撑前文观点” 的语篇逻辑,语义自然;
- C. Observe(观察):强调 “用感官或仪器查看细节”,代入句中 “观察果蝇实验” 虽语法可行,但无法体现 “引出例证” 的衔接功能,排除;
- D. Imagine(想象):指 “在脑海中构建未发生的场景”,与 “已发表在《科学时报》的实验”(真实存在)矛盾,排除。
- 备考拓展:完形填空的 “语篇衔接词” 是高频考点,需重点积累 “观点引出类”(如 consider, take...for example)、“转折对比类”(如 nevertheless, by contrast)、“因果类”(如 consequently, accordingly)词汇,结合真题语篇结构强化理解。
- 考点定位:本题考查短语含义猜测题的 “语境推理法”,核心是 “通过上下文推断隐喻含义”,属于阅读理解 “语义猜测 + 逻辑分析” 的高频题型,占阅读部分总分值的 5%(1.5/30 分)。
- 原文定位与逻辑分析:根据题干定位第一段前两句 “doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them expensive urine. After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries”。关键逻辑词 “After all”(毕竟)表明后句是对前句的解释 —— 发达国家几乎无维生素缺乏,因此服用复合维生素后,未被吸收的维生素会随尿液排出,导致 “尿液变贵”(因维生素价格不菲)。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. Multivitamins are too expensive for daily use:原文强调 “未吸收导致浪费”,而非 “价格太贵无法日常使用”,偷换语义核心,排除;
- B. Multivitamins are not fully absorbed by the body:精准对应 “维生素随尿液排出” 的本质原因 —— 未被身体完全吸收,符合逻辑推理;
- C. Taking multivitamins does no good to health:后文明确提到 “modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful”(轻微维生素不足有害),且承认医生可能错了,说明 “服用并非完全无用”,语义相反,排除;
- D. Taking multivitamins is harmful to health:原文未提及 “服用复合维生素有害”,仅早期医生认为其 “无用”,无 “有害” 依据,排除。
- 备考拓展:语义猜测题需遵循 “就近原则”,优先通过前后句逻辑(如因果、解释、转折)推断含义,避免仅看字面意思。结合中国科学院过程工程研究所的科研属性,阅读理解常涉及 “医学、环境、工程” 等领域文本,建议提前熟悉相关领域基础词汇,提升文本理解效率。
- 考点定位:本题考查复杂句翻译、对比结构处理及文化概念转化,核心是 “准确传递‘个人利益与集体义务’的对比关系”,属于翻译题 “忠实原文 + 中文流畅” 的典型题型,占翻译部分总分值的 20%(3/15 分)。
- 句式拆解与翻译技巧:
- 主干结构:“The pursuit of private interests... was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than...”(…… 追求个人利益被视为通往人类幸福与进步的道路,而非……)。翻译时调整被动语态为中文主动表达 “人们认为……”,符合中文表达习惯;
- 后置定语:“with as little interference as possible from government”(尽可能少受政府干预的),译为前置定语修饰 “追求个人利益”,避免英文式长句;
- 对比结构:“rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks”(而非希腊人所强调的公共义务和对集体社会的参与)。“that emphasized by the Greeks” 译为 “希腊人所强调的”,明确动作发出者,“public obligation” 与 “involvement in the collective community” 译为并列结构,保持语义平衡。
- 评分标准对照(95 分水准):
- 忠实原文:完全传递 “个人利益追求与集体义务的对比” 核心含义,无语义增减;
- 中文流畅:句式自然拆分,避免长句堆砌,“通往人类幸福与进步的道路” 等表达符合中文书面语规范;
- 细节精准:“interference”(干预)、“collective community”(集体社会)等词汇译法准确,文化概念传递清晰。
- 备考拓展:考博英语翻译常涉及 “中西文化对比” 话题,需掌握 “被动变主动”“后置定语前置” 等技巧。针对中国科学院过程工程研究所的学术导向,建议额外练习 “科技类文本翻译”,重点关注 “长难句拆分” 与 “专业术语精准性”。
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked intense debates in academia. While some advocate for full embracement to boost research and education, others warn of potential risks that may undermine academic integrity. For universities, a balanced approach rather than extreme acceptance or rejection is the rational choice.
Firstly, AI serves as a powerful tool to accelerate academic progress. In scientific research, AI can process massive datasets in hours—tasks that once took researchers months—facilitating breakthroughs in fields like materials science and bioprocess engineering. For instance, researchers at 中国科学院过程工程研究所 have used AI to optimize reaction parameters, reducing experimental cycles by 40%. In education, AI-powered personalized learning platforms adapt to students’ needs, enhancing the efficiency of mastering complex theories.
However, AI also brings inevitable challenges. Over-reliance on AI may weaken students’ critical thinking—some may directly use AI-generated content without verification, threatening academic authenticity. Additionally, algorithmic biases could skew research results, especially in data-driven disciplines, which undermines the rigor of scientific inquiry.
In conclusion, universities should neither fully embrace nor reject AI. Instead, they should establish guidelines to regulate AI use—such as requiring proper citation of AI-assisted work—and integrate AI education into curricula to foster critical engagement. This way, universities can harness AI’s potential while upholding academic principles, paving the way for innovative and reliable research.
- 考点定位:本题考查议论文 “观点明确 + 论据专业 + 逻辑严谨” 的写作能力,核心是 “辩证分析 AI 在学术界的应用”,属于考博写作 “科技与教育” 热点话题,占写作部分总分值的 100%(20/20 分)。
- 高分亮点拆解:
- 结构清晰:采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 框架 —— 开头提出 “平衡对待 AI” 的核心观点,中间分 “优势”(科研加速、教育优化)与 “挑战”(思维弱化、偏见风险)两大分论点,结尾给出 “建立规范 + 融入教育” 的解决方案,层次分明;
- 论据专业:结合中国科学院过程工程研究所科研特色,列举 “AI 优化反应参数、缩短实验周期” 的具体案例,替代泛泛而谈,体现专业洞察力,符合博士研究生学术素养要求;
- 语言精准:运用 “accelerate progress 加速进展”“algorithmic biases 算法偏见”“academic authenticity 学术真实性” 等学术词汇,句式包含定语从句、状语从句等复杂结构,避免口语化,匹配考博语言标准;
- 逻辑严密:通过 “Firstly/However/In conclusion” 实现段落衔接,分论点与案例一一对应,解决方案紧扣前文挑战,形成 “提出问题 - 分析问题 - 解决问题” 的完整逻辑链。
- 评分标准对照(95 分水准):
- 内容深度(30%):观点辩证,论据结合专业场景,体现对 AI 与学术关系的深刻理解;
- 逻辑连贯(25%):段落过渡自然,句间逻辑清晰,无脱节现象;
- 语言表达(30%):词汇精准,语法无误,符合学术书面语规范;
- 篇章规范(15%):格式正确,字数达标,严格回应 “specific examples” 要求。
- 备考拓展:考博写作需提前储备 “科技类热点素材”,结合中国科学院过程工程研究所研究方向(如材料工程、生物制造),积累 “AI 在科研中的应用案例”“学术诚信规范” 等素材。写作时遵循 “观点 + 专业案例 + 逻辑分析” 公式,避免空泛议论,突出学术性与针对性。
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真题获取渠道:
中国科学院过程工程研究所考博真题(英语 2005-2025 年、专业课含《化学工程》《材料科学基础》等)及高分答案详解,可通过以下官方推荐渠道获取:
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针对性备考规划:
- 基础阶段(考前 12-9 个月):精读 2008-2015 年真题,积累学术词汇与写作素材,同步学习研究所核心专业课基础理论;
- 强化阶段(考前 8-4 个月):专项突破薄弱题型(如完形逻辑、翻译长难句),结合真题详解复盘错题,针对性练习专业课计算题与论述题;
- 冲刺阶段(考前 3-1 个月):使用 2016-2025 年真题整套模考,模拟考博时长(英语 3 小时、专业课 3 小时),同时研读研究所近年科研论文,提升写作专业度。
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科研适配建议:
中国科学院过程工程研究所注重 “科研实践能力”,备考时可结合真题中的科研相关话题(如本文写作题 AI 与科研),主动了解所内重点实验室研究方向,将 “科研思维” 融入答题(如阅读题侧重逻辑推理、写作题结合专业案例),增强备考针对性。