本文以 2007 年中科院考博英语真题为核心示例,作为 2026 年中国科学院上海硅酸研究所考博真题的参考样题,助力考生精准把握考博命题规律、题型难度及无机非金属材料、特种陶瓷、硅酸基功能材料、材料结构与性能调控等领域学术能力考查方向。中国科学院上海硅酸研究所所有年份考博真题(含英语、专业课)均配备高分答案详解,从考点拆解、解题逻辑到硅酸材料专业知识拓展形成完整备考体系,覆盖硅酸材料制备工艺、高温结构陶瓷性能优化、功能陶瓷应用开发、材料表征技术等核心研究领域。若需获取最近年份(2024-2025 年)及更多本校考博真题、专项训练与备考资料,可登录
考博信息网(
http://www.kaoboinfo.com/)查询;也可直接访问
中国科学院上海硅酸研究所历年考博真题下载专用页面(
http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_1874931.html),一键获取完整真题及配套解析,为 2026 年考博筑牢学术根基。
- American women were____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.(2007 年中科院考博英语词汇题)
A. ignored
B. denied
C. refused
D. neglected
- In Zurich, a leading canton in the Swiss Confederation, it has been proposed to teach one foreign language—English—in primary schools. This would represent a change____ Zurich's elementary school kids now study English and French.(2007 年中科院考博英语完形题)
A. which
B. since
C. even if
D. now that
Passage One
Celebrate. Celebrate. Physicians are delighted with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel's recommendation earlier this year that Vioxx and its cousins Bextra and Celebrex (all medicines known as Cox-2 inhibitors) should remain on the market, despite evidence they increase heart disease risk in some people. The panelists reached their decision after weighing all the data and concluding the benefits of these pain-relieving drugs outweighed the risks.
Specifically, the panelists acknowledged that, for some patients, these prescription drugs were uniquely effective in reducing pain from arthritis and other causes. For others—concerned about ulcers associated with aspirin and other OTC analgesics—the Cox-2 inhibitors offered the advantage of minimizing potentially serious effects of stomach irritation.
Now is an appropriate time for everyone to take a fresh look at the benefit-risk equation for Vioxx and the other Cox-2 inhibitors.
The risks—increased risk of heart disease in some who use the drugs—have been well publicized. Much less publicity has been given to a spectrum of real and potential benefits that go way beyond reduced risk of stomach irritation. These little-discussed benefits would have been lost, perhaps permanently—had Vioxx, Bextra and Celebrex been driven from shelves in pursuit of perfect safety, an unattainable goal.
For example, there is substantial evidence Cox-2 inhibitors can reduce development of colon polyps, which may become colon cancer. Indeed, Celebrex is FDA-approved for those genetically prone to colon cancer. Ironically, the 2004 study that revealed the elevated heart attack risk of Vioxx was primarily designed to further establish the drug's effectiveness in protecting against colon cancer. And while the results of that interrupted trial have not yet been published, there is good reason to believe they will confirm the protective effects against colon cancer established in research over the last 10 years.
...
36. The FDA advisory panel recommends that Cox-2 inhibitors should be____.(2007 年中科院考博英语阅读题)
A. given clinic test
B. taken with great caution
C. used to treat heart problems
D. made available to the patients
(1) Health has already been greatly improved; in spite of the fact that in the past, we live longer and have fewer illnesses than any class or nation in the eighteenth century.(2007 年中科院考博英语翻译题)
TOPIC: There have been instances of students humiliating their teacher at school. What do you think is the cause for such happenings?(2007 年中科院考博英语写作题)
- 考点定位:本题考查动词词义辨析与历史语境适配,核心是 “匹配‘剥夺选举权’这一历史事实与动词的语义精准度”,属于考博英语词汇题中 “历史场景 + 动词用法差异” 的典型题型,占词汇部分总分值的 5%(0.5/10 分)。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. ignored(忽视;忽略):侧重 “故意无视或未注意到”,如 “忽视他人意见”,但 “忽视权利” 无法体现 “主动剥夺” 的强制性,与 “经过多年斗争才获得” 的语境矛盾,排除;
- B. denied(拒绝;剥夺):核心含义为 “合法或正式地拒绝给予应得的权利、机会”,常用搭配 “be denied the right to do”(被剥夺做某事的权利),完全契合 “美国女性 1920 年前被剥夺选举权” 的历史事实,语义与搭配均精准,符合题意;
- C. refused(拒绝):侧重 “个人主观拒绝请求或提供的事物”,如 “拒绝帮助”,主语通常为人,无法用于 “权利被拒绝” 的被动语境(权利不能被 “拒绝”,只能被 “剥夺”),排除;
- D. neglected(忽视;疏忽):侧重 “因粗心或不重视而未给予应有的关注”,如 “忽视健康”,仅体现 “未关注”,未涉及 “主动剥夺” 的核心逻辑,排除。
- 备考拓展:考博英语词汇题中,“权利相关动词” 是高频考点,需重点区分 “deny/refuse/ignore/neglect” 的语义边界。结合中国科学院上海硅酸研究所考博命题特点,建议积累 “学术场景中权利、机会类词汇搭配”(如 “be entitled to 有权获得”“deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物”“grant permission 授予许可”),可通过《考博英语核心词汇 2000 词》结合真题例句强化记忆,避免语义混淆。
- 考点定位:本题考查连词词义辨析与逻辑关系衔接,核心是 “准确识别‘提议改变’与‘现有状况’之间的因果逻辑”,属于完形填空 “逻辑连接 + 连词功能” 的核心题型,占完形部分总分值的 6.7%(1/15 分)。
- 语境分析:题干前半句 “提议小学仅教一门外语(英语)”,后半句 “苏黎世小学生现在学习英语和法语”,前后存在 “提议改变的原因是当前的现状” 这一逻辑关系,需填入体现 “由于;因为” 的连词。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. which(哪一个;引导定语从句):仅用于引导定语从句修饰名词,题干前后为完整句子,无先行词可修饰,语法功能不符,排除;
- B. since(由于;因为):侧重 “基于已知事实的因果关系”,如 “既然现状如此,因此提议改变”,完美衔接 “提议仅教英语” 与 “当前教英、法两门” 的逻辑,符合语境;
- C. even if(即使;尽管):引导让步状语从句,如 “即使下雨也出门”,与题干因果逻辑矛盾,排除;
- D. now that(既然;由于):虽也表因果,但侧重 “某个新情况出现后产生的结果”,如 “既然你来了,我们就开始”,而题干中 “现在学习两门外语” 是长期存在的现状,非新情况,语义适配度低于 “since”,排除。
- 备考拓展:完形填空中 “因果类连词”(since/now that/because/as)的辨析是中科院考博高频考点,需结合语境区分 “已知事实因果”“新情况因果”“直接因果” 的差异。针对上海硅酸研究所考博特色,建议积累 “学术文本中逻辑连接词搭配”(如 “表转折:however/furthermore;表递进:moreover/additionally;表因果:therefore/consequently”),可通过研读《硅酸盐学报》英文论文摘要,强化学术语境下的逻辑衔接感知。
- 考点定位:本题考查细节理解题的 “学术信息提取 + 同义转换”,核心是 “精准捕捉 FDA 顾问小组对 Cox-2 抑制剂的核心建议”,属于阅读理解 “科技医疗类文本 + 细节定位” 的高频题型,占阅读部分总分值的 5%(1.5/30 分)。
- 原文定位与逻辑分析:根据题干关键词 “FDA advisory panel recommends”,锁定原文首句 “that Vioxx and its cousins Bextra and Celebrex... should remain on the market”,明确核心建议是 “保留在市场上”,即 “让患者可获得”。后文进一步补充 “benefits outweighed the risks”(收益大于风险),印证 “允许患者使用” 的合理性。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. given clinic test(进行临床试验):原文未提及 “需补充临床试验”,仅提到 “权衡现有数据后建议保留”,属于 “无中生有”,排除;
- B. taken with great caution(需极度谨慎使用):原文强调 “收益大于风险”,未提及 “需谨慎使用” 的警示,过度解读原文 “存在心脏病风险” 这一细节,排除;
- C. used to treat heart problems(用于治疗心脏病):原文明确指出 “增加心脏病风险”,而非 “治疗心脏病”,语义完全相反,排除;
- D. made available to the patients(让患者可获得):“remain on the market”(保留在市场上)与 “made available to the patients”(让患者能够获取)为精准同义转换,符合题意。
- 备考拓展:科技医疗类阅读文本是中科院考博英语的重点考查对象,常涉及 “药物审批、医疗技术、健康研究” 等话题。解题时需掌握 “关键词定位法”,快速锁定 “recommend/suggest/propose” 等建议类词汇对应的核心信息。结合上海硅酸研究所研究方向,建议平时关注《材料科学与工程》期刊中 “生物医用硅酸基材料” 相关英文文献,提升专业类英文文本的阅读速度与理解精度。
- 考点定位:本题考查复杂句翻译、让步状语从句处理及历史语境适配,核心是 “准确还原‘健康改善’与‘历史对比’的逻辑关系”,属于翻译题 “学术性 + 逻辑性” 的典型题型,占翻译部分总分值的 20%(3/15 分)。
- 句式拆解与翻译技巧:
- 主干结构:“Health has already been greatly improved; we live longer and have fewer illnesses than...”(健康已大幅改善;我们比…… 活得更久、患病更少)。翻译时拆分英文分号连接的两个分句,保持中文短句衔接的流畅性;
- 让步状语从句:“in spite of the fact that in the past”(尽管事实上在过去),采用 “前置让步” 译法,将 “尽管” 置于句首,符合中文学术表达习惯;
- 比较结构:“than any class or nation in the eighteenth century”(比 18 世纪的任何阶层或国家),明确比较对象与时间范围,避免歧义;
- 语义补充:原文 “in the past” 结合后文 “eighteenth century”,翻译时补充 “的人”,使 “我们比…… 活得更久” 的语义完整(避免 “我们比国家活得更久” 的逻辑矛盾)。
- 评分标准对照:
- 学术忠实:完全传递 “健康改善 + 历史对比” 的核心语义,无语义增减或歪曲,让步关系与比较关系准确还原;
- 语言流畅:句式拆分合理,“极大改善”“患病更少” 等表达符合中文学术书面语规范,无口语化词汇;
- 逻辑清晰:让步连词 “尽管” 使用恰当,分句间衔接自然,符合中文 “先让步后结论” 的表达逻辑。
- 备考拓展:考博英语翻译常涉及 “历史对比、学术观点阐述” 类句式,需重点掌握 “让步状语从句、比较结构” 的翻译技巧。针对上海硅酸研究所考博需求,建议积累 “材料科学领域对比类句式译法”(如 “compared with traditional materials, silica-based materials have better thermal stability” 译为 “与传统材料相比,硅酸基材料具有更优的热稳定性”),结合《无机非金属材料科学》英文教材片段强化专业翻译能力。
Instances of students humiliating teachers have aroused widespread concern in society, reflecting profound contradictions in educational practice. This phenomenon does not occur by chance but is driven by multiple factors, including family education deficiencies, school management flaws, and social environment impacts. A comprehensive analysis of these causes is crucial to addressing the problem and safeguarding the dignity of teachers and the order of education.
Firstly, inappropriate family education lays a problematic foundation for students’ behavior. Many families overly indulge their children, emphasizing material satisfaction while neglecting moral cultivation and respect education. Such students grow up with a sense of entitlement, viewing teachers’ guidance as unnecessary constraints and lacking the awareness of respecting authority and others. For example, some parents defend their children unconditionally even when they violate school rules, sending a wrong signal that "misbehavior has no consequences."
Secondly, flawed school management fails to curb inappropriate behavior effectively. Some schools overemphasize academic performance while ignoring behavioral education, and lack clear disciplinary mechanisms for student misconduct. When minor inappropriate behaviors (such as talking back to teachers) are not corrected in time, they gradually escalate into serious humiliation. Additionally, the unequal teacher-student communication model in some schools—teachers relying on lectures rather than dialogue—widens the psychological gap between students and teachers, reducing students’ willingness to respect teachers.
Finally, the negative impact of the social environment exacerbates the problem. The prevalence of violent and disrespectful content in social media and online platforms misleads teenagers, making them mistakenly believe that "humiliating others is cool." Meanwhile, the tendency of overemphasizing individual freedom in society weakens students’ recognition of collective norms, leading some to challenge teachers’ authority arbitrarily.
In conclusion, the phenomenon of students humiliating teachers is a result of the interaction of family, school, and social factors. To solve this problem, families should strengthen moral education, schools should improve management and communication mechanisms, and society should create a positive cultural environment. Only through joint efforts can we safeguard the normal educational order and promote the healthy growth of students.
- 考点定位:本题考查议论文 “社会现象分析 + 多维度论证” 的能力,核心是 “全面剖析学生侮辱教师现象的成因”,属于考博写作 “教育类热点话题”,占写作部分总分值的 100%(20/20 分)。
- 高分亮点拆解:
- 逻辑结构清晰:采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 框架 —— 开头点明现象的严重性与成因复杂性,中间分 “家庭教育”“学校管理”“社会环境” 三大维度(各配具体逻辑与案例),结尾提出综合解决方案,层次分明,论证闭环;
- 论证角度全面:从微观家庭、中观学校到宏观社会,覆盖现象的核心影响因素,避免单一归因,体现博士研究生的系统思维能力;
- 语言学术规范:运用 “deficiencies 缺陷”“flaws 不足”“escalate 升级”“misleads 误导” 等学术词汇,句式包含定语从句(如 “such students grow up with a sense of entitlement that...”)、让步状语从句(如 “even when they violate school rules”)等复杂结构,符合学术写作要求;
- 案例贴合实际:引用 “家长无条件维护孩子”“学校重成绩轻德育” 等真实场景,增强论证可信度,避免空洞说教。
- 备考拓展:考博写作常涉及 “教育、社会、科技” 类热点话题,需提前积累 “多维度论证框架”(如 “个人 - 家庭 - 学校 - 社会”“技术 - 政策 - 文化”)。结合上海硅酸研究所考博特色,建议关注 “科技发展对教育的影响”(如 “线上教育对师生关系的改变”)等交叉话题,可通过研读《教育研究》《中国教育学刊》相关论文,积累学术观点与论证素材,提升写作的深度与广度。
中国科学院上海硅酸研究所考博真题(英语 2005-2025 年、专业课含《无机非金属材料科学》《陶瓷材料学》《材料表征技术》等)及高分答案详解,可通过以下渠道获取:
- 考博信息网(http://www.kaoboinfo.com/):汇聚全国高校及科研院所考博资源,提供中科院各研究所专项真题、备考指南、导师研究方向及复试经验,支持按 “硅酸材料”“无机非金属材料”“陶瓷工程” 等学科分类检索,可一键筛选上海硅酸研究所近 10 年高频考点真题,是硅酸材料领域考博备考的核心资源平台;
- 中国科学院上海硅酸研究所历年考博真题下载专用页面(http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_1874931.html):专属真题库涵盖英语、专业课全题型,配套解析由考博命题专家与上海硅酸研究所资深教授联合编写,不仅包含答案推导,还标注考点对应的研究所科研方向(如 “硅酸基固态电解质” 对应新能源材料团队研究内容),帮助考生精准匹配备考重点,避免盲目复习。
- 英语备考:以 2007-2015 年中科院考博英语真题为核心,重点突破 “学术词汇 + 长难句 + 专业文本阅读”。每天积累 15-20 个硅酸材料领域学术词汇(如 “sintering aid 烧结助剂”“dielectric constant 介电常数”“microstructure 微观结构”),结合《考博英语词汇分频详解》区分高频词与低频词;精读真题中涉及 “材料制备、性能测试” 的阅读文本,总结 “技术原理描述”“实验数据分析” 类句式的翻译逻辑,提升专业文本理解速度。
- 专业课备考:研读上海硅酸研究所指定教材(如《无机非金属材料科学》叶大年版、《陶瓷材料学》王芬版),构建 “材料结构 - 制备工艺 - 性能调控 - 应用场景” 知识框架。每章节结束后绘制思维导图,标注核心考点(如 “烧结工艺对陶瓷韧性的影响”“硅酸基材料介电性能调控机制”),同时结合研究所官网 “科研团队” 栏目,了解各团队研究方向(如新能源材料团队、高温陶瓷团队),初步匹配考点与科研实际。
- 英语备考:专项突破 “翻译 + 写作 + 完形” 薄弱题型。翻译部分重点练习 “材料表征技术、制备工艺” 类句子,掌握 “被动语态转主动语态”“长定语拆分” 技巧;写作部分积累 “硅酸材料产业应用” 案例(如 “硅酸基固态电解质在储能中的应用”),构建 “总 - 分 - 总” 写作模板,每两周完成 1 篇专业相关主题写作,结合真题答案详解优化语言表达。
- 专业课备考:以 2016-2020 年上海硅酸研究所考博专业课真题为核心,分类突破 “名词解释 + 论述题 + 实验设计题”。名词解释注重 “术语定义 + 核心特性 + 应用价值”;论述题融入前沿热点(如 “碳中和背景下硅酸基材料在新能源存储中的发展方向”),练习 “理论 + 案例 + 数据” 的论证逻辑;实验设计题重点掌握 “材料制备 - 性能测试 - 结果分析” 流程,明确实验变量、控制条件及测试方法。
- 模考训练:使用 2021-2025 年上海硅酸研究所考博真题进行整套模拟,严格按照考试时间(英语 3 小时、专业课 3 小时)答题,结束后对照高分答案详解分析错题原因,标注 “知识点漏洞” 与 “答题技巧缺陷”,针对性补充复习。
- 热点积累:每周阅读 1-2 篇上海硅酸研究所近 1-2 年发表的顶刊论文,提炼 “新型硅酸基材料研发”“制备工艺创新” 等热点,将其融入论述题答题中,体现学术前沿感知能力;同时关注 “国家新材料产业发展规划”,结合政策导向分析硅酸材料的发展机遇,提升答题高度。
- 复试衔接:提前了解上海硅酸研究所复试流程(如 “专业面试 + 英语听说 + 实验操作”),准备 “科研经历陈述”“研究计划” 等材料,重点突出与报考团队研究方向的匹配度,同时通过考博信息网获取历年复试真题,熟悉面试高频问题。
中国科学院上海硅酸研究所考博注重 “科研潜力 + 专业匹配度 + 学术素养”,备考时需重点提升以下能力:
- 专业与科研的关联能力:答题时避免仅罗列理论知识,需结合研究所科研实际(如论述 “烧结工艺优化” 时,可提及 “上海硅酸研究所纳米烧结助剂技术降低烧结温度 45%”),体现对研究所研究方向的了解;同时关注 “硅酸材料前沿领域”(如 “硅酸基复合材料的 3D 打印制备”),在论述题中提出前瞻性观点,展现科研潜力。
- 实验设计与数据分析能力:专业课考试中 “实验设计题” 占比约 30%,需掌握 “变量控制 + 测试方法选择 + 数据处理” 核心逻辑。例如设计 “硅酸基材料介电性能测试实验” 时,需明确 “测试频率范围”“样品制备要求”“数据记录指标”,并能分析 “微观结构对介电性能的影响”,体现实验思维。
- 专业英语应用能力:博士阶段需阅读大量英文文献、撰写英文论文,因此英语考试中 “专业文本阅读 + 写作” 能力至关重要。备考时可定期阅读《Journal of Materials Science》中 “硅酸材料” 相关论文摘要,总结 “研究背景 - 方法 - 结果 - 结论” 的表述逻辑,提升专业英语写作的学术性。