2017年江西理工大学1001英语考博真题样卷及考试大纲考博大纲博士研究生入学考试大纲

江西理工大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲
江西理工大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲是学校为招收博士研
究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教
学大纲规定》：“博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生
的水平”。根据这一规定，并结合我校具体情况，我校博士生入学英
语考试既考查学生的语言知识，又注重测试考生的语言应用能力和学
术交流能力。
一、 考试方式：笔试
二、 考试成绩：百分制
三、 考试时间：180 分钟
四、 试卷的难易程度：CET4-6 级之间
五、 考试内容与考试结构
试题分五个部分，包括词汇与语法、完形填空、阅读理解、 翻译
(汉译英、英译汉)和写作。
（一）题型及分值分布
题号 名称 题量 分值 时间（分钟）
I 词汇与语法 15 15 20
II 完形填空 20 10 30
III 阅读理解 15 30 40
IV 翻译(汉译英、英译汉) 2 20 40
V 写作 1 25 50
总
计
53 100 180
（二）各部分说明
1、词汇与语法（Vocabulary and Grammar）：
（1）测试目的：测试考生掌握词汇、短语及基本语法概念的
熟练程度。
（2）测试要求：掌握并能正确运用从事学术研究与交流所需
要的语法知识；认知 15,000 词，并且能正确、熟练地运用
其中的 8,000 个单词及其最基本的搭配。
2、完形填空(Cloze):
(1) 测试目的: 测试考生综合运用语言的能力。
(2) 测试要求: 完形填空是指在一篇语义连贯的文章中去掉
一些词语，形成空格，要求考生在给出的对应备选答案中，选
出一个正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复完整。它既考查考生
对语法、词汇、习语、句型，搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，
又考查考生对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中
灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推
理、综合判断和分析概括的能力。
3、阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)
（1）测试目的：测试考生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力，考
核考生掌握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度。
(2) 测试要求: 要求考生根据所提供文章的内容，从每题所
给出的 4 个选项中选出最佳答案。既要求准确性，也要求一
定的速度。
4、翻译(汉译英、英译汉) （Translation）
（1）测试目的：考查考生的理解和翻译能力。
(2) 测试要求: 汉译英，内容为科学常识性短文，译文必须忠
实原意，语言通顺、流畅。英译汉，常识性短文，要求译文忠
实于原文，汉语流畅。
5、写作 （Writing)
（1）测试目的：测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及
对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。
（2）测试要求: 要求考生按照命题、所给提纲或背景图、表写
出一篇不少于 300 个单词的英文短文。
附：考试样卷
江西理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语样卷
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Grammar （1’×15=15’）
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C
and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1. I'm very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an
occasion.
A. interfered B. offended C. impressed D. bothered
2. Our son doesn't know what to _______ at the university; he can't make up
his mind about his future.
A. take in B. take up C. take over D. take after
3. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to
one-fifth of the total ____for living expenses.
A. acceptable B. available C. advisable D. applicable
4. The newspaper did not mention the _____ of the damage caused by the fire.
A. range B. level C. extent D. quantity
5. When he arrived, he found ____ the aged and the sick at home.
A. none but B. none other than C. nothing but D. no other than
6. People who refuse to _____with the law will be punished.
A. obey B. conceal C. consent D. comply
7. The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ______ action.
A. acute B. profound C. alert D. prompt
8. If you are told something _____, you are expected not to pass on the
information to anyone else.
A. secretively B. specially C. individual D. confidentially
9. He was connecting wires to a complicated type of electric plug, ____ requires
a good deal of patience.
A. which B. a task which C. about which D. this job which
10. ____ were closed down owning to the economic depression.
A. These both of companies B. These both companies
C. Both these companies D. These of both companies
11. The project _______ by the end of 2015, will expand the city's telephone
network to cover 1,000,000 users.
A. accomplished B. being accomplished
C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished
12. The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as _____.
A. possibly little nourishment B. nourishment possibly little
C. little as possible nourishment D. little nourishment as possible
13. _____ mural art of painter Charles Alston that has established his reputation and
insured his fame.
A. The B. That the C. It is the D. Since the
14. Ben would have studied medicine if he _____ to a medical school.
A. could be able to enter B. had been admitted
C. was admitted D. were admitted
15. Many students have trouble _____ without some guidelines and occasional
hints.
A. getting started to write B. to get started to write
C. to get starting to write D. being get to start to write
Part Ⅱ Cloze （0.5’×20=10’）
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked
A, B, C and D. Choose the best one.
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds
and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.
During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to 2
the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex
organization of higher mental 5 , they disagree 6 the exact nature of the
process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to
represent sounds, 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds
they stand 8 .
These authorities 9 hat meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught
independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 10 related
to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is
not truly reading. The reader, 12 some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability
to read but one who 13 reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its
14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy,
objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By
the most 16 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 17 the
sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 18 , at
various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 19 widely and
enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of
symbols representing sounds and ideas.
1. A. substantively B. substantially C. substitutive D. subjectively
2. A. define and describe B. definition and description
C. defining and describing D. have defined and described
3. A. Although B. If C. Unless D. Until
4. A. involves B. involves to C. is involved D. involves of
5. A. opinions B. effects C. manners D. functions
6. A. of B. about C. for D. into
7. A. view B. look C .reassure D. agree
8. A. by B. to C. off D .for
9. A. content B. contend C. contempt D. contact
10. A. inexplicably B. inexpressibly C. inextricably D. inexpediently
11. A. interpreting B. saying C. explaining D. reading
12. A. like B. for example C. according to D. as
13. A. sometimes B. might C. practical D. actually
14. A. entire B. entirety C. entirely D. entity
15. A. classed B. granted C. classified D. graded
16. A. inclusive B. inclinable C. conclusive D. complicated
17. A. break up B. elaborate C. define D. unlock
18. A. purposes B. degrees C. stages D. steps
19. A. such B. so as C. so D. such as
20. A. By the way B. In short C. So far D. On the other hand
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (2’×15=30’）
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there
are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully and choose the
best answer to each of the questions.
Passage 1
The Internet has come a long way from its origins as a research network. Today,
users routinely listen to radio broadcast across the net, download short videos from
the World Wide Web and access information from thousands of government and
private databases. But the fortuitous success and growth of the Internet has severely
strained the functional limits of the Internet protocol as well as the underlying router
networks. Of even greater concern are the new applications in the offing which
require far more facilities than the network now provides. Internet commerce,
gigabyte file transfer, live video transmission, secured email/data and voice/video
conferencing are just a few of the applications that Internet service providers are
coming out with, the smorgasbord promises to choke an already overloaded network.
Simply adding bandwidth to the Internet backbones is not an answer. It will only raise
the cost of admission for everyone.
Fortunately, there is a way to clear up the Internet current bandwidth bottleneck
while providing a rich platform for tomorrow’s services. The solution is ATM. To see
how ATM can facilitate the evolution of the Internet, we will look at the challenges
the Internet currently faces and consider how ATM can play a role in overcoming
them.
Before users start conducting business on the Internet and sending mission
critical data across it, the network’s reliability will have to match that of telephone
circuits. The current best effort approach yields an environment which is too unstable
for mission critical data. Random congestion on router backbones can cause IP packet
discards whenever the volume of traffic exceeds the bandwidth capacity---- a
phenomenon experts facetiously refer to as “pump and pray networking”.
The ability of ATM networks to separate mission critical traffic from Internet
noise via virtual circuits is the first step in identifying non-discardable traffic as it
transits the network. The second step is using ATM’s Available Bit rate service class
---- a system in which network switches continuously update end stations on the
available network bandwidth. ABR thereby allows end devices to maximize the usage
of network resources without the risk of congestion. Business users of the Internet are
assured safe passage of their data. Because these virtual circuits are able to match the
reliability of leased lines, service providers are able to charge a premium for such
facilities, while keeping regular access inexpensive.
1. What is the “ the long way” that the Internet has come?
A. The accidental success of the Internet.
B. The large quantity of information provided by the Internet.
C. The growth of the Internet function.
D. The downloading of short videos.
2. “ Smorgasbord” in “ the smorgasbord promises to choke an already
overloaded network” means ________.
A. more facilities B. the router networks
C. the functional limits D. new and various applications
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Adding bandwidth to the Internet is a solution which will cost more.
B. The rich platform provided by ATM is a kind of hardware.
C. ATM makes the development of the Internet easier.
D. The network is overloaded because of the growth of the Internet
applications.
4. The tone of the author is _______ when referring to the phrase “ pump and
pray networking”.
A. humorous B. skeptical C. critical D. satirical
5. At the end of the article, the author seems to suggest that ________.
A. ATM will not benefit the business users since the service will be charged
B. the leased lines are more reliable than the virtual circuits
C. ATM will be widely applied for its reliability and inexpensiveness
D. there are two steps in fixing the non-discardable traffic
Passage 2
Moderate drinking reduces stroke risk, study confirms. Similar to the way a
drink or two a day protects against heart attacks, moderate alcohol consumptions
wards off strokes, a new study found.
The study also found that the type of alcohol consume---beer, wine or
liquor---was unimportant. Any of them, or a combination, was protective, researchers
reported in today’s Journal of the American Medical Association. “No study has
shown benefit in recommending alcohol consumption to those who do not dink”,
cautioned the authors, led by Dr. Ralph L. Sacco of Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons in New York. But the new data supports the guidelines of the
National Stroke Association, which say moderate drinkers, may protect themselves
from strokes by continuing to consume alcohol, the authors said.
The protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attack is well established,
but the data has been conflicting about alcohol and strokes, the author said. The new
study helps settle the question and is the first to find blacks and Hispanic benefit as
well as whites, according to the authors. Further research is needed among other
groups, such as Asian, whom past studies suggest may get no stroke protection from
alcohol or may even be put at greater risk.
Among groups where the protective effect exists, its mechanism appears to differ
from the protective effect against heart attacks, which occurs through boosts in level
of so-called ”good” cholesterol, the authors said. They speculated alcohol may protect
against stroke by acting on some other blood trait, such as the tendency of blood
platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood clots that can cause strokes.
The researchers studied 677 New York residents who live in the northern part of
Manhattan and had strokes between July 1, 1993, and June 1997. After taking into
account differences in other factors that could affect stroke risk, such as high blood
pressure, the researchers estimated that subjects who consumed up to two alcoholic
drinks daily were only half as likely to have suffered clot-type strokes as non-drinkers.
Clot-type strokes account for 80 percent of all strokes, a leading cause of US death
and disability. Stroke risk increased with heavier drinking. At seven drinks per day,
risk was almost triple that of moderate drinkers.
An expert spokesman for the American Heart Association, who was not involved
in the study, said it was well-done and important information. But it shouldn’t be
interpreted to mean, “ I can have two drinks and therefore not worry about my high
blood pressure or worry about my cholesterol,” said Edgar J. Kenton, an associate
professor of clinical neurology at Thomas Jefferson University Medical College in
Philadelphia. Instead, he said, the study provides good reason to do further research
and to add alcohol to the list of modifiable risk factors for stroke.
6. The new study conducted by Dr. Sacco and his colleagues is unique in
that________.
A. it refutes early studies on the protective effects of moderate drinking against
heart attack
B. it conforms early studies of moderate drinking against heart attacks
C. it helps to resolve the disputes over the effect of moderate drinking against
stroke
D. it finds that moderate drinking can benefit people of different races equally
well
7. According to Dr. Sacco,___________.
A. different wines work differently on drinkers at stroke risk
B. non-drinkers should also consume a moderate amount of alcohol
C. drinkers should keep to one kind of alcohol to ward off strokes
D. moderate alcohol consumption protects against strokes
8. Which of the following statements is true about the effect of drinking against
strokes?
A. Moderate drinking protects against heart attacks and strokes in different ways.
B. Even heavy drinkers suffer less chance of a stroke than non-drinkers.
C. Alcohol works only on patients who suffer clot-type strokes to protect them.
D. White people re more likely to benefit from moderate drinking than
nonwhites.
9. From the fourth paragraph we learn that ________.
A. heart attacks are more likely caused by alcohol than stroke
B. moderate drinking discourages blood platelets from clotting
C. boosting the levels of good cholesterol can lead to heart attacks
D. moderate drinking protects people by making the blood cell clump
10. What is said in the last paragraph by Dr. Kenton indicates that ________.
A. he is in serious doubt about the validity of the study
B. drinking alone can not protect against stroke
C. people should add alcohol to their daily diet
D. the study has not established a relation between drinking and high blood
pressure
Passage 3
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization.
You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching.
But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a
glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other
words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of
making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists”. And these “generalists”
are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other
people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people's
work, to begin it and judge it.
The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a
“trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The
generalist——and especially the administrator——deals with people; his concern is with
leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man: and the
humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an
administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular
field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need
them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during you training period, into
which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you——but this is pure accident.
Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your
ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final
job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for
being an employee.
11. There is an increasing demand for_____.
A. all-round people in their own fields.
B. people whose job is to organize other people’s work.
C. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional.
D. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others.
12. The specialist is____.
A. a man whose job is to train other people.
B. a man who has been trained in more than one field.
C. a man who can see the forest rather than the trees.
D. a man whose concern is mainly with, technical or professional matters.
13. The administrator is____.
A. a "trained" man who is more a specialist than a generalist.
B. a man who sees the trees as well as the forest.
C. a man who is very strong in the humanities.
D. a man who is an "educated" specialist.
14. During your training period, it is important____.
A. to try to be a generalist.
B. to choose a profitable job.
C. to find an organization which fits you.
D. to decide whether you are fit to be a. specialist or a generalist.
15. A man’s first job____.
A. is never the right job for him.
B. should not be regarded as his final job.
C. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold
any job.
D. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job.
Part Ⅳ Translation (20’)
Directions:
Translate the following two passages from Chinese into English and from English
into Chinese respectively.
Section A Translate the following into English. (10’)
离子型稀土矿浸取工艺对资源、环境影响
摘 要：离子型稀土矿(ion-adsorption rare earth)采用堆浸(heap leaching)和原地浸矿(in-situ
leaching)等生产工艺，均会造成一定的环境破坏和资源损失。为了更好比较堆浸和原地浸矿
工艺造成的资源环境损失差异，基于堆浸和原地浸矿生产工艺原理，将离子型稀土矿采选造
成的资源损失分为暂时性损失和永久性损失，把环境破坏分为显性破坏(explicit damage)（如
植被破坏、水土流失等）和隐性破坏(implicit damage)（如地下水污染），将资源损失和环境
破坏按可控程度（controllability）进行分类；在此基础上对堆浸和原地浸矿生产工艺造成的
资源与环境影响进行综合比较；最后，提出相关建议。
关键词：离子型稀土；堆浸；原地浸矿；资源损失；环境破坏
Section B Translate the following passage into Chinese. (10’)
There is a growing problem of what to do with electronic waste such as old
televisions, computers, radios, cellular telephones and other electronic equipment.
Electronic trash, known as e-waste, is piling up faster than ever in American homes
and businesses. People do not know what to do with old televisions or computers so
they throw them in the trash.
National Solid Wastes Management Association state programs director Chaz
Miller says the large amount of electronic waste Americans generate is not
unexpected. "We have so many electronic products that we use," said Miller. "They
are being far more widely distributed throughout the population of the country and
they tend to have relatively short life spans. Cell phones that last two or three years,
computers that last maybe two or three years before they get replaced." The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates more than 400 million consumer
electronic items are dumped each year, and there is a push by more states to ban the
waste from landfills and create recycling programs.
Part V. Writing (25’)
Directions:
For this part, you are to write a composition of no less than 300 words on Income
Sources between Chinese and American Students. Study the following table carefully
and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three
paragraphs to:
1.Describe the differences of the income sources between Chinese and American
students.
2. Analyze possible reasons for these differences.
3. Predicate future tendency.
Source of Income Percentage
of Total Income Parents Part-time job Fellowship
or Scholarship
American students 50% 35% 15%
Chinese students 90% 5% 5%