2021年暨南大学招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 A卷
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招生专业与代码：英语语言文学（050201），外国语言学及应用语言学（050211）

考试科目名称及代码：外语（英）水平考试 (706)
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
Part I. Vocabulary a n d Structure (30 points)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. Fo r each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C a n d D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence a n d write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

1. “The show must go on” is the oldest _________ of show business; every true perfo rmer lives by that  creed.
A. euphemism    B. allego ry      C. precurso r       D. tenet
 
2. An early American film star, Pearl White starred in several serials _______________ that enticed audiences to return fo r the next installment.
A. whose episodes had suspenseful endings       B. their episodes had suspenseful endings
C. which had episodes ending suspenseful        D. of whose episodes the suspenseful endings

3. The article praised Isak Dinesen not so much fo r her genius as a sto ryteller __________of society’s expectations of women during the early twentieth century.
A. but because she was remarkably defiant      B. but because of her remarkable defiance
C. but fo r being remarkably defiant            D. as fo r her remarkable defiance

4. From this unity created by the __________ of artists from various social a n d geographical backgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, was to result in greater group awareness a n d self-determination.
A. conclusion   B. conspiracy    C. convergence    D. consumption
 
5. He ___________ to go to Beijing today, but he postponed the trip when he heard that there would be a downpour at noon.
A. was intending      B. would intend     C. was intended     D. had intended

6. Because of its inclination to __________, most Indian art is __________ Japanese art, where symbols have been minimized a n d meaning has been conveyed by the merest suggestion.
A. exaggerate …related to            B. imitate...superio r to   
C. understate …reminiscent of         D. overdraw...similar to 

7. A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, _____?         
A. need it         B. needn’t it        C. does it       D. doesn’t it

8. As surprising as the new findings are, Dr. Wilson said he would not characterize them as ______.
A. sound    B. revolutionary    C. equitable      D. evident

9. Fo r some time now, wo rld leaders ___________ out the necessity fo r agreement on arms reduction.
A. had been pointing               B. have been pointing   
C. were pointing                D. pointed

10. They promised to give us whatever suppo rt we needed, but nothing ever __________ it.
A. came to     B. came into       C. came of       D. came with

11. A journalist rather than a scholar, Mr. Cose seems nevertheless to be ______ most of the serious studies relevant to his topic.
A. igno rant of  B. associated with     C. wearied by    D. familiar with

12. In 1997, the Thrust SSC, a British-made car powered by two jet engines, __________ the first la n d-traveling vehicle to break the sound barrier.
A. have become      B. were to become          C. becoming        D. became

13. In their own eyes, it is rather _____ that the medical community as a whole still has the limited knowledge about the cause of the pa n demic.
A. rewarding   B. comma n ding           C. embarrassing      D. requiring

14. Because our supply of fossil fuel has been sadly________, we must find ¬¬¬¬¬¬________ sources of energy.
A. compensated...significant          B. exhausted...inefficient
C. increased...available              D. depleted...alternate

15. She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar feeling.
A. which           B. befo re      C. that          D. when
 
16. Because it was already known that retroviruses could cause cancer in animals, it seemed only _____to search fo r similar cancer-causing viruses in human beings.
A. culpable    B. charitable     C. hypothetical    D. logical  

17. My nephew ___________ chicken pox this weekend.
A. came down with       B. come up with     C. brought up with    D. broke down with

18. He resented _____ to wait. He expected the minister _____ him at once. 
A. to be asked, to see               B. being asked, to see  
C. to be asked, seeing               D. being asked, seeing

19. _________ the least expensive rate，the package was so heavy that it cost Jose nearly a hundred dollars to mail it to his cousin in Madrid.
A. Even chosen              B. Although choosing
C. Even though he chose       D. Having chosen

20. _______ his broker had told him at the stock was a __________ investment, he insisted on buying 100 shares.
A. Because...speculative             B. Although...precarious
C. Since...negligible                D. Although...fo rmidable

21. Let’s ___________ these lines one mo re time befo re the show.
    A. run into    B. wo rk out     C. run through     D. wo rk by

22. Given that goats a n d sheep were domesticated earlier than cattle, it is thought that the production of cheeses made from goat’s a n d sheep’s milk ___________ cheese made from cow’s milk.
A. predate that of   B. predated that of     C. predated those of        D. have predated

23. It is well known that the _____ of the seasons has long been observed by people in all parts of the wo rld.  
A. rhythm  B. regulation  C.  click    D. identity

24. The scents of the flowers was______ to us by the breeze.
A. intercepted         B. detested         C. saturated            D. wafted

25. When you are suffering from ______, you have red spots on your skin a n d you feel as if you have a cold.
A. apathy              B. measles          C. impotence        D. schizophrenia 

26. Dr. Jones o rdered __________ fo r the labo rato ry.
   A. two equipments              B. two pieces of equipments
   C. two pieces of equipment       D. two equipment pieces.

27. If everyone _______, we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
A. moves in      B. gives in      C. cuts in       D. chips in

28. Because he is so _______, we can never predict what course he will take at any moment.
A. incoherent     B. superficial      C. capricious    D. deleterious

29. My docto r wants me to _________ sweets a n d fatty foods.
    A. cut into         B. cut down on           C. cut at        D. cut across

30. A diligent scholar, she devoted herself _____to the completion of the book.
A. assiduously    B. ingenuously      C. theo retically      D. spo radically

Part II. Cloze (20 points)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the co rresponding blanks. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
A few decades ago, computers were considered as sophisticated tools used by scientists to wo rk out complex mathematical calculations, o r by big companies a n d o rganizations to 1)________  their data. Today, computers have become so 2)________  that they sometimes don’t even come with an instruction 3)________  anymo re.
Though becoming widely popular, computer technology still continues to 4)________  many people. Researchers who have been using computers 5)________  a daily basis fo r many years are still 6)________  hidden wonders a n d surprises about this technology. A 7)________  number of gra n dparents are making an effo rt to 8)________  themselves with smart phones with designs that appear so 9)________  to them. In addition, the purchase of laptops in many third wo rld a n d developing nations is ever increasing. All this 10)________  a good thing because they result in less 11)________  between people of different ages a n d countries in their ability to use technology. If people of old ages 12)________  people in the third wo rld countries are afraid of technology that is so 13)________ today, a n d thus choose to 14)________  it, the purposes a n d advantages that technology has to offer would be ultimately 15)________ .
As there are two sides to every sto ry, complex technology can be either good o r bad, 16)________  your knowledge o r experience. The point being driven here is that if a technological 17)________  is too complex fo r the average consumer, they will finally not 18)________ it. This will directly affect the sales of the 19)________  product. Any producer knows that this will mean product 20)________ at a catastrophic level.

1) A.  release         B. retrieve      C. proceed      D.  process
2) A.  common       B. o rdinary     C. po rtable      D. specialized
3) A.  ha n dout       B. pamphlet    C. bulletin      D. profile
4) A.  intrigue       B. inflict       C. infringe      D. intervene
5) A.  at            B. in          C. on          D. by
6) A.  discerning     B. disclosing    C. displacing    D. disto rting
7) A.  reasonable     B. maximum    C. significant    D. consistent
8) A.  identify       B. associate     C. represent     D. familiarize
9) A.  authentic      B. promising     C. dominant    D. intricate
10) A.  creates       B.  commits     C.  deduces    D.  pledges
11) A.  discontent     B.  discrepancy   C.  dismay    D.  disregard
12) A.  as far as      B.  as long as    C.  as well as   D.  as good as
13) A.  scarce       B.  crucial       C.  delicate     D.  ha n dy
14) A.  conceal      B.  divert        C.  dodge      D.  rupture
15) A.  caught       B.  lost         C.  doomed     D.  denied
16) A.  based on     B.  built on      C.  hinged on    D.  focused on
17) A.  accesso ry     B.  axis         C.  gadget     D.  turbine
18) A.  abso rb       B.  obsess        C.  indulge    D.  purchase
19) A.  spoken       B.  said          C.  told       D.  uttered
20) A.  failure        B.  fault         C.  defect     D.  defeat

Part III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)

Directions: In this section, there are three passages followed by questions o r unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, a n d D. Choose the best answer a n d write the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

The wo rld’s greatest structures built by insects o r animals other than humans are, surprisingly, constructed by termites. Termites, sometimes known as white ants, are little insects that resemble ants in appearance, but they tend to be smaller, fatter, slower moving. There are about twelve to fifteen hundred species of termites. However, not a single one of them belong to the same class of insects as ants. Termites are actually mo re closely related to cockroaches a n d mantids. They are known to be social insects that have an instinct to use a system of cooperation a n d specialization as their main method of survival. Termites are most known to people a n d scientists fo r their peculiar a n d marvelous wo rks of architecture. Australian a n d African termites, especially, build housing structures reaching almost ten meters in height. Considering their relative size, such a building would be the equivalent of a 200-sto ry edifice fo r humans. Their knowledge to construct such astonishing structures is known to be inbo rn in their nature.
The termite nest, o r termitary, usually takes the shape of a gigantic mound, o r sometimes a multi-fingered ha n d, rising up from the surface. To build this housing fo r the colony, termites spend a considerable amount of time. It may take months, o r sometimes even a year. The most common material composing a termitary is dirt. Termites carry the local soil a n d combine it with their saliva to solidify it. Because it is very firm a n d also impermeable, it is frequently used by people in Africa as a material fo r building their shelters.
The termitary consists of thousa n ds of chambers, each fo r a different purpose. The bottom layer of the mound generally serves as the living a n d wo rking quarter fo r wo rkers that assume the labo rs of fo raging, food sto rage, a n d nest maintenance. Their chambers are located in the lower co re so that they can easily go in a n d out of the termitary in search fo r food. Some species have gardens of various fungi in this lower part of the nest. The wo rkers are in charge of cultivating a n d harvesting them as a stable source of food fo r the young. Above the wo rker chamber dwell termite soldiers devotedly protect their kind. Soldiers, as a mechanism fo r fighting, have developed big, strong jaws propo rtionally too big fo r their body size. Therefo re, they cannot feed themselves without the help of wo rkers. Above these two layers lie chambers called nymphs. The eggs a n d young termites stay here until they hatch a n d are fully grown. There is also a room fo r food sto rage in this part of the nest. At the top of the mound are the royal chambers fo r the kings a n d queens. Any males a n d females that mate with the opposite sex are termed as kings a n d queens. Each couple is in different chambers sustaining close proximity all the time. Once a termite has been chosen as a king o r queen, such title a n d responsibility remains fo r the rest of its life. Unlike male ants which die immediately after mating, termite kings enjoy peaceful lives a n d are considered just as impo rtant as the queen. Queens, at maturity, can lay over a thousa n d eggs per day.
One of the amazing facts about a termitary is that it comes with the most efficient systems of cooling a n d ventilation. Walls of the mixture of soil a n d saliva help keep the nest moist, a n d thus, cool. Each layer of the mound where a different class of termites resides is vented by a system of passages a n d ducts, which circulate air throughout because they are connected with parts of the nest in between the layers that have ventilation holes. Thus, the termitary is always maintained cool by having access to a supply of fresh air o r light breeze a n d by allowing stale air to leave. This is very good news fo r termites, fo r they will not last even fo r a few minutes in sweltering conditions. Mo reover, termites living in the most arid regions also manage to keep themselves cool by digging into the earth as deep as it is necessary, sometimes resulting in depths over 100 feet. Their task is completed when they reach underground water. This waterway brings a supply of cool a n d fresh air that rises to the nest a n d circulates throughout. The gardens tended by wo rkers are also known to aid the cooling process.

1. Acco rding to paragraph 1, termites achieve fascinating wo rks of architecture with
A. about twelve to fifteen hundred species.
B. cooperative help from ants.
C. their intrinsic knowledge.
D. numerous trials a n d erro rs.

2. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that termite soldiers
A. cannot fly.
B. fight with their jaws.
C. sometimes search fo r food.
D. eat termite wo rkers.

3. Acco rding to paragraph 3, what is the main difference between royalties of ants a n d termites?
A. There is only one queen in an ant colony whereas there are many in a termite colony.
B. Male termites that become king live on even after the mating process is over.
C. Queen termites can lay mo re eggs compared to queen ants.
D. Kings a n d queens of a termite colony must mate their whole lives.

4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the cooling a n d ventilation systems in a termitary?
A. They are absolutely necessary fo r the survival of termites.
B. Supply of air in hot a n d arid regions will only make the termitary hotter.
C. Water from underground is an essential component of the systems.
D. It cannot wo rk properly without the fungi gardens.

5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential info rmation in the italicized sentence in the passage?
A. All passages a n d ducts in a termitary can be supplied with fresh air because they are hooked up together.
B. Termites punch out ventilation holes in every chamber to obtain direct supply of air in all passages a n d ducts.
C. Fresh air rising from the underground passages a n d ducts flows all the way through a n d cools the termitary.
D. Every layer has ventilation holes that are attached to passages a n d ducts located outside the termitary where fresh air comes from.

Passage Two

When I accepted a volunteer position as a social wo rker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing nation, I imagined the position fo r which my university experience had prepared me. I envisioned conducting intake interviews a n d traipsing around from o rganization to o rganization seeking the legal, psychological a n d financial suppo rt that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, expe¬rience garnered in the hypothetical situations I had invented a n d subsequently resolved single-ha n dedly a n d seamlessly. I felt tho roughly prepared to tackle head-on the situation I assumed was waiting fo r me.
I arrived full of zeal, knocking at the shelter’s doo r. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from that which I had anticipated. The coo rdinato r explained that the shelter’s need fo r financial self-sufficiency had become obvious a n d acute. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many refer¬ences to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coo rdinato r declared me in charge of the bakery a n d left in o rder to “get out of my way.” At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run fo r political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the fo r-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a fo reign river with only my coo rdinato r’s confidence to keep me afloat.
They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I soon found that it is also the mother of initiative. I began finding recipes a n d appropriating the expertise of friends. With their help making bread, balancing books, printing pamphlets a n d making contacts, the bakery was soon running smoothly a n d successfully. After a sho rt time it became a significant source of income fo r the house.
In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment in which to wo rk with a n d get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough side by side, I shared in the camaraderie of the kitchen, treated to sto ries about their children a n d the towns a n d jobs they had had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with the women a n d advanced my understa n ding of their situations. It also improved the women’s self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, a n d the fact that the bakery contributed to the upkeep of the house gave the women, many of them newly single, a sense of pride a n d the conviction that they had the capability to suppo rt themselves.
Baking gave me the oppo rtunity to wo rk in a capacity I had not at all anticipated, but one that proved very successful. I became a mo re sensitive a n d skillful social wo rker, capable of making a mean seven-grain loaf. Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-con¬fidence as it gave the women, a n d I found that sometimes quality social wo rk can be as simple as kneading dough.

6. The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the autho r
A. was shocked by the discrepancy between her earlier ideas about her wo rk a n d the reality she faced
B. discovered a talent her overly focused mind had never allowed her to explo re
C. broadened how she defined the scope of her wo rk
D. developed her abilities to o rchestrate a fo r-profit business enterprise

7. The autho r was initially enthusiastic about the idea of the bakery because she
A. considered it from a theo retical point of view
B. hoped to obtain a leadership position in the bakery
C. wanted to demonstrate her baking knowledge to her new coo rdinato r
D. believed it would be a good way to build the women’s self-esteem

8. The comparison between baking bread a n d running political office demonstrates the autho r’s belief that
A. the bakery would never be a success
B. social wo rkers should not be involved in either baking o r politics
C. similar skills were involved in both bak¬ing a n d politics
D. she was unqualified fo r a job baking bread

9. The penultimate sentence in the second paragraph suggests that the autho r believed that
A. learning the necessary business practices would be a mo re daunting challenge than learning to bake bread
B. good business practices are mo re impo r¬tant to running a successful bakery than is the quality of the bread
C. her coo rdinato r’s confidence in fo r-profit business models was misplaced
D. fo r-profit business models are signifi¬cantly mo re complex than the nonprofit models with which she was familiar

10. The last sentence (“Learning... dough”) indicates that the autho r
A. found that perfo rming social wo rk is surprisingly easy with no education
B. underestimated her own ability to learn new skills
C. discovered that social wo rk is mo re effec¬tive when it includes tactile activities
D. derived a benefit from her wo rk while helping others

Passage Three

Fo r people in Southeast Asian refugee families, the experience of aging in America is very different from what they had expected fo r their second half of life. Older Southeast Asian refugees must cope with their rapidly acculturating younger family members, while taking on new roles a n d expectations in a fo reign culture.
Many Southeast Asian immigrants are sur¬prised to find that by American sta n dards, they are not even considered elderly. Migration to a new culture often changes the definition of life stages. In the traditional Hmong culture of Vietnam, one can become an elder at 35 years of age when one becomes a gra n dparent. With gra n dparent status, elder Hmong can retire a n d expect their children to take financial responsi¬bility fo r the family. Retiring at 35, of course, is not common in the United States.
There is a strong influence of Confucianism in traditional Vietnamese society. Confucianism, an ancient system of mo ral a n d religious thought, fosters strong filial piety a n d respect fo r family elders. In many Southeast Asian societies, age roles are hierarchical, with strict rules fo r social interaction. In America, however, because older refugees lack facility with the English lan¬guage a n d knowledge of American culture, their credibility decreases when advising younger family members about impo rtant decisions. As younger family members take on primary roles as family mediato rs with American institu¬tions—schools, legal systems, a n d social service agencies, fo r example—the leadership position of elders within the family is gradually eroded.
Refugee elders must also cope with differences in gender roles in the United States. Even befo re migration, traditional gender roles were changing in Southeast Asia. During the Vietnam War, when men of military age were away, women took responsibility fo r tasks no rmally divided along gender lines. When Vietnamese families came to this country, these changes became mo re pronounced. There were mo re employment oppo rtunities fo r younger refugees a n d middle-aged refugee women because their expectations often fit with the lower status jobs that were among the few oppo rtunities open to refugees. Many middle-aged women a n d younger refugees of both sexes became family breadwinners. This was a radical change fo r middle-aged men, who had been the majo r breadwinners of the family.
Although the pattern fo r long-term adaptation of middle-aged a n d older Southeast Asian refugees is still unknown, there are indications that the outlook fo r women is problematic. Many older women provide household a n d childcare services in o rder to allow younger family members to hold jobs o r go to school. While these women are help¬ing younger family members to succeed in America, they themselves are often isolated at home a n d cut off from learning English o r other new skills, o r becoming mo re familiar with American society. Thus, after the immi¬grant family passes through the early stages of meeting basic survival needs, older women may find that they are strangers in their own families as well as in their new country.

11. The majo r purpose of the passage is to discuss
A. the reasons why Southeast Asian people move to the United States
B. educational challenges facing young refugees in America today
C. problems that elderly Southeast Asian people encounter in America
D. changing gender relationships in Southeast Asian refugee families
 
12. In paragraph 1, “older Southeast Asian refugees must cope with their rapidly acculturating younger family members” refers to
A. middle-aged men’s embarrassment at not being the principal breadwinner
B. middle-aged women’s isolation in the home
C. younger refugees’ better educational a n d social oppo rtunities in America
D. the tendency of younger refugees to join non-Asian gangs

13. The autho r uses the term “family mediato rs” to mean the
A. traditional role of elders in Vietnamese families
B. responsibilities which young refugees assume in a new country
C. help that newly arrived refugees get from friends who migrated earlier
D. professional help available to refugee families in U.S. communities

14. The phrase “radical change” in the last but one paragraph refers to the fact that
A. older refugees find that retirement ages are very different in America
B. women filled men’s jobs during the Vietnam War
C. the education of their children is consid¬ered crucial by refugee parents
D. refugee men are often displaced as pri¬mary income earners in their families

15. The autho r’s point about the problematic long-term outlook fo r refugee women is made primarily through
A. personal recollection
B. histo rical discussion
C. case study analysis
D. info rmed speculation

Part IV. Translation (40 points) 

Section A. Chinese to English (20 points): Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

一个西方人开始阅读中国哲学著作时，第一个印象也许是，这些作者的言论和著述往往十分简短，甚至互不连贯。打开《论语》，每一小段只包含几个字，各段之间往往也没有联系。打开《老子》，全书只有约五千字，只相当于一般杂志上一篇文章的篇幅，但是老子的全部哲学都在其中了。习惯于长篇大论地进行理性论辩的学生，遇到这种情况，会感到摸不着头脑，不知这些中国哲学家在说什么，由此不免会认为，这些中国哲学家的思想不够连贯。假若真是这样，中国哲学就不存在了。不连贯的思想，怎能称得上是哲学呢？可以说，中国哲学家的言论著述，表面看起来不连贯，乃是由于它们本不是专门的哲学著作。

Section B. English to Chinese (20 points): Translate the following into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

It is impo rtant to remember that, in strictness, there is no such thing as an uneducated man. Take an extreme case. Suppose that an adult man, in the full vigo r of his faculties, could be suddenly placed in the wo rld, as Adam is said to have been, a n d then left to do as he best might. How long would he be left uneducated? Not five minutes. Nature would begin to teach him, through the eye, the ear, the touch, the properties of objects. Pain a n d pleasure would be at his elbow telling him to do this a n d avoid that; a n d by slow degrees the man would receive an education, which, if narrow, would be tho rough, real a n d adequate to his circumstances, though there would be no extras a n d very few accomplishments.
a n d if to this solitary man entered a second Adam, o r better still, an Eve, a new a n d greater wo rld, that of social a n d mo ral phenomena, would be revealed. Joys a n d woes, compared with which all others might seem but faint shadows, would spring from the new relations. Happiness a n d so rrow would take the place of the coarser monito rs, pleasure a n d pain; but conduct would still be shaped by the observation of the natural consequences of actions; o r, in other wo rds, by the laws of the nature of man.

Part V. Writing (30 points)

Directions: Write a 400-wo rd essay about the issue presented in the following excerpt. DO NOT WRITE ON ANOTHER TOPIC. AN OFF-TOPIC ESSAY WILL RECEIVE A SCo rE OF ZERO. 

Don’t part with your illusions. When they are gone you may still exist but you have ceased to live.—Mark Twain

In an essay, suppo rt your position by discussing an example (o r examples) from literature, the arts, science a n d technology, histo ry, current events, o r your own experience, o r observations.