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南开大学 2004 年研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：英美文学 专业：英语语言文学
Part One Defining The Literary Terms
Directions: give brief explanations to the following terms and write all your answers on the
Answer Sheets. (30 points) （南开大学 2004 年研）
1. allegory
Allegory is a work of art in which a deeper meaning underlies the superficial or literal
meaning, or the representation of one meaning by another in this way. It is often referred to a work
of fiction in which the author intends characters and their actions to be understood in terms other
than their surface appearances and meanings, and the implied or extended meanings involve moral
or spiritual concepts more significant than the actual narrative itself. Bunyan’s Pilogrim’s Progress
and Golding’s Lord of Flies are two examples of this kind.
2. tragicomedy
Tragicomedy is a play in which the action, though apparently leading to a catastrophe, is
reversed to bring about a happy ending. The term is frequently associated with some of the plays
of Beaumont and Fletcher, whose Philaster, or Love Lies A-Bleeding (ca. 1610) is an example of
the form. The typical tragicomedy concerns noble characters involved in improbable situations.
Love, frequently seen as a contrast of the pure and the sensual, is the central motive of the
elaborate plot, in which both hero and heroine are rescued from imminent disaster so that the play
may conclude happily. The term may be used to characterize such plays as Shakespeare’s
Cymbeline and The Winter’s Tale and, by extension, any play that involves a similar movement of
plot.
3. alliteration
Alliteration is a figure of speech in which consonants, especially at the beginning of words,
or stressed syllables, are repeated. For example, “to sit in solemn silence in a dull, dark dock.” It is
a very old device indeed in English verse and is common in verse generally. It is used occasionally
in prose. In Old English poetry alliteration was a continual and essential part of the metrical
scheme and until the late Middle Ages was often used thus. However, alliterative verse becomes
increasingly rare after the end of the 15th
century and alliteration—like assonance, consonance and
onomatopoeia—tends more to be reserved for the achievement of the special effect.
4. stream of consciousness
Coined by William James in Principles of Psychology (1890) to describe the flow of inner
experience, the term stream of consciousness in literature refers to the depiction of the thoughts
and feelings which flow, with no apparent logic, through the mind of a character. To create the
effect of the chaotic stream that we recognize in reality, the writer presents the seemingly random
mingling of thoughts, feelings, and sense impressions of a character at a specific time. The style
became influential after it was used by James Joyce in Ulysses. The technique has also been used
by such distinguished 20th
-century authors as Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner.
5. lyric
In Greek poetry, a lyric was a poem sung to the accompaniment of a lyre. We still refer to the
words of a song as “the lyrics,” but in general the term lyric denotes a poem of limited length
expressing the thoughts and especially the feelings of a single speaker. Such a poem usually
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