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华中师范大学城环学院自然地理专业 2003 年硕士研究生复试试题
华中师范大学城环学院自然地理专业
2003 年硕士研究生复试试题
(请于 6 月 1 日前用特快专递寄武汉市华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院方毅收
电话 027-67868305)
一、 地球运动有哪些地理意义？（16 分）
二、 季风对我国东部降水有何影响？（16 分）
三、 地球水循环与人类水资源供应有何联系？（16 分）
四、 生态因子怎样影响生物种群增长？（16 分）
五、 人类活动对地理环境变化有何影响？（16 分）
六、英译汉(20 分)
*注意：1 括号中系有下划线的词或短语对应的中文含义；
2 人名（黑体）不必译成中文。
Ecological Economics and Sustainability
Perhaps the most salient（突出的，显著的） contribution of ecological economics
is its challenge to many of the fundamental precepts（戒律，格言） of neoclassi
cal（新古典主义的） economic theory. In the view advocated by ecological econom
ists, an economy is a ‘one-way entropic throughput of energy and materials（耗
散过程）’ as opposed to the neoclassical view of a circular flow of exchange v
alue without any explicit links to the biophysical world. The central aim of ec
ological economics involves describing the relationship between‘dynamic human
economic systems and larger dynamic, but normally slower-changing ecological sy
stems’. In its normative（标准的，规范的） sense, this relationship envisions
a socio-ecological context wherein ‘(1) human life can continue indefinitely,
(2) human individuals can flourish（充分发展）, and (3) human cultures can deve
lop; but in which effects of human activities remain within bounds, so as n
ot to destroy the diversity, complexity, and function of the ecological life su
pport system’. With few variants（变体，变种）, the themes implicit in this de
finition – intergenerational equity, meeting basic human needs and integrating
concern for ecological processes into economic calculations – have remained t
he fundamental building blocks of ecological economics.
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