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广东外语外贸大学 2004 年硕士研究生入学考试
英语语言文学及外国语言与应用语言学水平考试试卷
Ⅰ. Cloze (20%)
Fill in each blank with the words given in the box. Eachword can be used only once. Mark
your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
The problem which the learner 1 in handling the meanings of such complex
expressions (and those of the more numerous two-word combinations) are well known He may
have 2 of understanding or interpretation(especially when the form of an expression is a poor
guide to its meaning). He may have trouble in 3 accurately between various meanings of the
“same” item-those of put out, for 4 ,or take in. And again, he may need help in distinguishing
5 expressions which are related in form (of level off and level up) 6 not necessarily in
meaning. Among the features we have included in the dictionary to help the student deal with such
problems 7 the regular listing in entries of “collocating” words. We can consider briefly the
special advantages of this guidance here.
The collocates of an expression are the particular words 8 are commonly combined with
it to form sentences. 9 the words which regularly appear (as subjects) in the same sentences as
bring to blows, for example, are disagreement, difference and rivalry and among those habitually
associated (as direct objects) with bring to attention are troops, platoon, company. The learner
normally becomes 10 of these word associations, or collocations, one by one through meeting
them in books or hearing them in conversation, and as one association builds 11 another he
gradually develops a firm understanding of the meanings of bring to blows and bring to attention.
The advantage of bringing together a number of these associated words in one place—as in the
entries shown just below—is that the student is 12 aware of several at the same time. As a 13
the learning process can be greatly speeded up. Another advantage, of course, is that the student
can make up sentences of his own on the 14 of the collocates recorded in such entries, so
strengthening. still more his grasp on the meanings of the headphrases themselves.
Illustrative sentences in dictionary entries can 15 much the same purpose as lists of
collocates. 16 the illustrations are carefully chosen, they too will contain words that are
characteristically and unambiguously 17 with the headphrases, which help to develop the
learner’s understanding of their meaning. 18 collocates and examples have different and
complementary parts to play in the definition of meaning. In a list of collocates some of the more
important 19 to our understanding of an expression are abstracted form their real contexts and
presented in a highly condensed form. In illustrations, various kinds of in formation-highly
condensed form. In illustrations, various kinds of information grammatical and stylistic as 20
as lexical-are combined in actual instances of language use, though the most important clues to
meaning may be rather thinly spread.
example But difficulties well discriminating
though basis which is Among
aware upon made faces associated
result clues serve if between
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