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电子科技大学
2014 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：244 英语(二外 仅日语方向)
注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should
decide on the best choice and then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment
better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the
superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or
shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the
evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.
Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to
its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb
water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make
food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition,
there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are
hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer
are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still
when an enemy is near.
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function,
and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism
may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust
body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations
are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if
conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.
1. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may
A) help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.
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