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北京师范大学
2009 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
（系、所）： 环境学院
科目代码： 981 科目名称： 环境经济学
（所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效）
一、名词解释：（每小题 5 分，共 30 分）
1．存在价值 2.环境经济学 3.庇古手段 4.社会剩余 5.生态足迹 6.效率
二、选择/判断题：（每小题 4 分，共 20 分；请在答题纸上写明题号并标明选择答案的字母。）
1. Which of the following best describes social benefits?
a) The external benefits to other members of society, ignoring the private benefits to
market participants.
b) The sum of external benefits and private benefits.
c) External benefits minus private benefits.
d) Private benefits minus external benefits.
2. Which of the following is true when profit-maximizing firms in a competitive market are allowed
to freely emit negative externalities onto society?
a) Consumers are paying a market equilibrium price that reflects the full social marginal
cost of production.
b) Consumers are paying a market equilibrium price that reflects only the external
marginal cost of production.
c) Consumers are paying a market equilibrium price that is less than the socially efficient
price, and consuming more than the socially efficient quantity, since society is
implicitly subsidizing producers by allowing them to pollute.
d) None of the above is correct.
3. TRUE OR FALSE: A pollution tax that is exactly equal to marginal external cost will shift the
market supply curve onto the social-cost supply curve. This tax will thus correct the market
inefficiency due to negative externalities by causing price to reflect the full social marginal cost of
production.
a) True.
b) False.
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