【考博信息网|http://www.kaoboinfo.com考博】各国名校考博英语完型填空模拟预测2020年真题练习含答案解析01

In the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; most of 2 were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. the day-nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4 of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented (前所未有 ) numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions (军火) plants , under direct government sponsorship. 6 the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 7 , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 8 , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day nurseries, chiefly by 10 them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.
The 11 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 12 called up on to replace men in the factories. On this 13 the U. S. 'government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities 15 this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 16 in daycare centers receiving Federal 17. Soon afterward, the Federal government 18 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 19 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
1. A. latter B. late C. other D. first
2. A. those B. them C. whose D. whom
3. A. impetus B. input C. imitation D. initiative
4. A. sources B. abundance C. shortage D. reduction
5. A. hardly B. entirely C. only D. even
6. A. Because B. As C. Since D. Although
7. A. unanimously B. sharply C. predominantly D. militantly
8. A. therefore B. consequently C. however D. moreover
9. A. over B. in C. at D. about
10. A. formulating B. labeling C. patenting D. licensing
11. A. outset B. outbreak C. breakthrough D. breakdown
12. A. again B. thus C. repeatedly D. yet
13. A. circumstance B. occasion C. case D. situation
14. A. regulating B. summoning C. allocating D. transferring
15. A. expanded B. facilitated C. supplemented D. compensated
16. A. by B. after C. of D. for
17. A. pensions B. subsidies C. revenues D. budgets
18. A. prevalently B. furiously C. statistically D. drastically
19. A. abolished B. diminished C. jeopardized D. precluded
20. A. nurseries B. homes C. jobs D. children
Cloze Two
During recent years we have heard much about "race": how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the 1 phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.
We judge race usually 2 the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But 3 you were to remove the skin you could not 4 anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is 5 in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to 6 a difference. There are four types of blood. 7 types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the 8 .No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belongs. Brains will 9 in size, but this occurs within every race. 10 does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain 11 examined belonged to a person of weak 12 .On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had 13 brains.
Mental tests which are reasonably 14 show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 15 equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.
Individuals of every race 16 civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people, 17 enable them to behave in a/an18 way.
The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new 19 is better and higher than anything 20 the past.
1. A. complete B. full C. total D. whole
2. A. in B. from C. at D. on
3. A. since B. if C. as D. while
4. A. speak B. talk C. tell D. mention
5. A. something B. everything. C. nothing D. anything
6. A. display B. indicate C. demonstrate D. appear
7. A. All B. Most C. No D. Some
8. A. same B. identical C. similar D. alike
9. A. remain B. increase C. decrease D. vary
10. A. Only B. Or C. Nor D. So
11. A. ever B. then C. never D. once
12. A. health B. body C. mind D. thought
13. A. big B. small C. minor D. major
14. A. true B. exact C. certain D. accurate
15. A. Provided B. Concerning C. Given D. Following
16. A. make B. cause C. move D. turn
17. A. and B. but C. though D. so
18, A. ordinary B. peculiar C. usual D. common
19. A. that B. what C. whichever D. whatever
20. A. for B. to C. within D. in

1. A. 根据上文中的“ln the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854. ”，我们可以推断这里只能表示“19世纪后半叶之意，所以正确答案为A late意为“末期的，晚期的”，例如：As far as l can remember，he has never been late for class. 根据我的记忆，他上课从未迟到过。latter作“后者的；后—半的，接近终了的”讲，例如：The famous movie star lived alone in the latter part of her life. 那位著名影星后半生独自生活。other意为“别的，其他的，另外的；另一个的，其余的”，例如：This design has many other advantages besides lower cost. 这个设计除费用低外，还有其他优点。first作“第—”讲，例如：He wrote“With the compliments of the author’’on the first front end-paper. 他在书前第—张衬页上写上“作者敬赠”几个字。
2. B. 根据语法，“most of"后面一般不可跟whose，those和不可数名词。根据句意，可知这里需表示"nurseries中的大多数”之意，可见B.为正确答案。
3. A. impetus意为“推动 (力)，促进”，例如：The ambitious young man used his friends to give impetus to his business. 那个野心勃勃的年轻人利用朋友来促进他业务的发展。input作“输入；投入的资金(或物资)”讲，例如：The input of information is an important step of information processing. 信息的输入是信息处理中重要的一步。imitation意为“仿制；赝品；模仿，仿制品”，例如：To be frank，this painting is an imitation. 坦率地说，这幅画是赝品。initiative作“主动权；采取主动，主动”讲，例如：My secretary was perfectly competent，but she didn't have much initiative. 我的秘书完全胜任她的工作，只是进取心不强。
4. C. shortage意为“不足，缺少”，例如：Shortage of capital was a factor holding back economic development. 缺乏资金是阻碍经济发展的一个因素。source作“源(泉)；来源，出处”讲，例如：Literature is a source of endless pleasure to many thousands. 文学是很多人快乐的无尽源泉。abundance意为“大量，丰富，充足”，例如：At the feast there was food and drink in abundance. 在盛宴上有很丰富的食物和饮料。reduction作“减少，缩小”讲，例如：The strike began late in September in protest against a reduction of wages. 罢工于九月下旬开始，抗议减少工资。
5. D. 这里说明托儿所数量多且分布广，“甚至”都建在了军火库，可见正确答案为D.。even作“甚至”讲，例如：Even fools are afraid to lean against a rotten post. 傻瓜也不敢倚在朽烂的柱子上。hardly作“简直不，几乎不”讲，例如：She had changed so much that I could hardly recognize her. 她变化这么大，我简直认不出她了。entirely作“完全地”讲，例如：These meetings were carded on entirely in English. 这几次会议都使用英语。only作“仅仅”讲，例如：There were no grown-ups there，only children. 那儿没有大人，只有孩子。
6. D. although 意为“虽然，尽管”，例如：Although work is the most important，you should not cut off a11 amusements. 尽管工：作是最重要的，但你不应摒绝—切娱乐。since作“自从，从……以来；因为，既然”讲，例如：I have known him ever since l was a child. 当我还是个小孩子的时候，我就认识他。because意为“因为”，例如：It's hard to rescue drowning people because they strungle so much. 抢救溺水的人很困难，因为他们在水中不停地挣扎。 as作“当……时，在……的同时；如同……那样，以……的方式，像…—样；因为，由于；以至于”讲，例如：As we have been practicing regularly，we are sure of winning the game this time. 我们一直在练习，这次有把握一定能取胜。
7. B. sharp1y意为“急剧的，猛烈的”，例如：On turning the corner，we saw that the road descended sharply. 一转过弯儿，我们发现是个大下坡；unanimously的形容词作“全体—致的，—致同意的”讲，例如：On the probable outcome of the contest. opinions of the audience are unanimous. 大家对比赛多半会有什么结局意见一致。predominantly意为“占主导地位地，显著地”，例如：More and more Chinese are learning foreign languages，predominantly English. 越来越多的中国入学习外语，主要是英语。militantly的形容词作“激进的”讲，例如：He threatened to inform the government of my militant activities. 他威胁说要把我的激进活动告知政府。
8. C. however意为“然而，可是；不管怎样”例如：However，there are many“sales”in the United States，during which time stores will lower their normal prices. 不过，在美国有许多“降价销售”，在降价期间商店将把价格从正常价降下来。therefore作“因此，所以”讲，例如：He's never been to Australia and therefore he doesn't know much about it.他从未到过澳大利亚，因此对那里并不了解。consequently意为“所以，因此”，例如：Consequently，Kent looks absolutely delightful. 很自然，肯特看起来很高兴。moreover作“而且，此外”讲，例如：The price is too high，and moreover，the house isn't in a suitable position. 这所房子的房价太高而且位置也不合适。
9. B. “在幼儿园里”介词应该用in.
10. A. formulate意为“构想出(计划、方法等)，规划(制度等)；系统地(或确切地)阐述”：例如： They are planning to formulate a new outline of the world history. 他们正计划制定一部新的世界史大纲。label作“贴标签于；把……称为”讲，例如：He was labeled(as)a demagogue. 他被认为是个煽动家。patent意为“得到……的专利权”，例如：The patent Funs ont in 2 years’time. 这项专利权两年后就失效。license作“给……发许可证，批准，准许”讲，例如：Did you make out the figures on the license plate 你看清汽车牌照号码了吗
11. B. outbreak意为“(战争、情感、火山等的)爆发，(疾病、虫害等的)突然发生”，例如：Experts fear that there will be a new outbreak of the disease. 专家们担心这种疾病会重新爆发。outseI作“开始，开端”讲，例如：he was not so famous at the outset of his career. 他事业起步的时候还没有如此出名。breakthrough意为“突破，冲破防线；突破性的发现,成就”，例如：They long for a breakthrough soon in their flght against the disease. 他们希望在和这种疾病的斗争中不久会取得突破。breakdown作“垮台，破裂；(健康、精神等)衰竭，衰弱；(机器等)损坏，故障；分类”讲，例如：His occasional depressions were the prologue to his mental breakdown. 他开始时偶尔抑郁寡欢，最后精神彻底崩溃。
12. A. 在这里，为了与第一次世界大战相呼应. 所以应填入again。
13. B. occasion意为“时刻，时候，场合；重大(或特殊)活动，盛会；时机，机会”，例如：Let us sing some songs to celebratethis joyful occasion. 让我们唱几支歌来庆祝这令人欢乐的节日。circumstance作“条件，情况；[pl]境遇，经济状况”讲，例如：Circumstances will force us finally to adopt this policy. 环境会迫使我们最终采纳这项政策。case意为“情况，事实；病例；案件”，例如：We can't go into all the details of that case now，I merely mention it by the way.我们现在不能详述那个案件，我只是附带提一提。situation作“形势，局面，环境，状况；位置，地点”讲，例如：He gave an acute analysis of the current situation. 他对目前的形势作了—番深刻的分析。
14. C. regulate意为“控制，管理；调整，调节”，例如：She lives in a well-regulated family她生活在—个家教良好的家庭。summon作“召唤；召集；传讯，传唤；使出，鼓起(勇气)，振作(精神)”讲，例如：Oliver was summoned to testify in court. 奥立佛被传出庭作证。allocate意为“分配，分派，把……拨给”，例如：The director allocated Pans among the actors. 导演给演员们分配了角色。transfer作“搬，转移；转变，转换；调动，使转学；转让，过户”讲，例如：The head office of the company has been transferred to New York. 该公司总部已迁至纽约。
15. C. supplement意为“增补，补充”，例如：The major labor contracts were supplemented in l979：主要的劳动合同在1979年得到修改补充。expand作“扩大，膨胀，扩张”讲，例如：Iron and a few substances expand on solidifying as water does. 铁和其他—些物质，在固结时像水结冰时一样膨胀。facilitate意为“使……变得(更)容易. 使……便利”，例如：We can facilitate working process by technical innovation. 我们可以通过技术革新简化工序。compensate作“补偿，弥补，抵消”讲，例如：Their losses had been compensate with more loans. 他们的亏损通过增加贷款得以弥补。
16. D.care for作“照料”讲，例如：Who is to care for me when I'm old 我老了谁来照顾我He is good at caring for sick animals. 他善于照料有病的动物。The captain cares for the safety of both the crew and the passengers. 船长关心船员和旅客的安全。
17. B. subsidy意为“津贴，补助金”，例如：Students in financial difficulties may apply for subsidies. 有经济困难的同学可以申请补助。pension作“养老金，抚恤金”讲，例如：The repert's main findings are that pensions are inadequate. 报告的主要内容是退休金不够用。revenue意为“财政收入，税收”，例如：We can maintain essential services by ensuring a steady flow of revenue. 我们可以通过保证税收来挣得足够维持必要的服务所需要的款项。budget作“预算，预算拨款”讲，例如：Leadership is more than budgets and balance sheets. 领导工作不仅是一些预算表和收支平衡表。
18. D. drastically意为“激烈地，彻底地”，例如：Henry Field has come down drastically in the world. 享利·菲尔德的社会地位一落千丈。prevalently的形容词作“流行的，普遍的”讲。例如：Male culture occupies a prevalent position in cyberspace. 男性文化在电脑空间处于统治地位。furiously意为“狂怒地，暴怒地；强烈地，激烈地”，例如：The wounded lion bellowed furiously. 受伤的狮子发出愤怒的吼叫。statistically作“统计地，从统计角度上”讲，例如：Statistically，you are right. 根据统计资料你是正确的。
19. A. abolish意为“彻底废除，废止”，例如：lt will be difficult to abolish class. 要废除社会阶级制度是很难的。diminish作“变少，缩小，降低”讲，例如：Their funds were greatly diminished by their extravagance. 由于挥霍浪费，他们的资金大大减少了。jeopardize意为“危及，损害”，例如：The event has jeopardized the relations between the two countries. 这件事破坏了这两国之间的关系。preclude作“阻止，排除，妨碍”讲，例如：lf we preclude uncompleted projects from the calculations， the total spent is still more than one billion US dollars. 如果把未完成的工程除去不算，总的花销仍然要超过10亿美元。
20. C. job意为“职业，职位；(一件)工作，活儿”，例如：The job needs courage and experience as well. 做这项工作，不但需要勇气，而且更需要经验。nursery作“托儿所，保育室；苗圃”讲，例如：home意为“家；家乡，本国”。We walked many miles，and at last we were at home. 我们走了许多路，最终回到了家中。children作“儿童，孩子”讲。