2017 考博英语 阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（十一）

考博英语阅读大部分博士研究生招生院校都使用《经济学人》杂志文章作为题源，考博信息网|http://www.kaoboinfo.com教育考博频道为考博生们将其中的文章进行深度分析，希望能提高大家的考博英语阅读水平，读懂长难句。

Not worth a second glance不值得看第二眼

Social attitudes to faces人对人的社会态度

Your class determines how you look at your fellow creatures社会阶层决定了你如何看待别人

Oct 15th 2016 | From the print edition2016年10月15日 | 摘自印刷版

Not only looking down, but for less time不仅是看不起，而且还鲜少关注

IN 2009 a team of psychologists at the University of California, Berkeley, who were studying people from different walks of life, noticed that those from the upper classes were less good than those from the lower at discerning emotions on the faces of others. This led them to speculate that such empathy weakens as you go up the social scale. The theory might be true. But a paper just published in Psychological Science, by Pia Dietze and Eric Knowles of New York University, offers an alternative hypothesis—that it is not the emotionalsensitivity of patricians to plebs which is impaired, but their attention to them.

2009年加利福尼亚大学的一个心理学家团队Berkeley，在研究不同阶级的人时，注意到那些上层阶级的人们对人脸情绪的识别的能力不如那些下层阶级的强。他们推测随着人们社会地位的提高，对他人的这种同情心就会减弱。这个理论或许是正确的。但是纽约大学的Pia Dietze 和 Eric Knowles 在《心理科学期刊》杂志上刚刚发表了一篇论文，他们提出了另一种假设——他们认为这并不是由于上层社会的人对平民老百姓的情感敏感度变弱了，而是他们对那些人的关注减少了。

Discerning adj.有见识的Empathy n.共鸣Sensitivity n.敏感Pleb n.普通人(尤指社会地位低下的人)

Dr Dietze and Dr Knowles began their study with an experiment that they told participants was a study of Google Glasses. They were, though, lying. The test was not of these pieces of apparatus (tiny video cameras hidden in pairs of spectacles, which let wearers takesurreptitious footage of whatever they are looking at), but rather of the participants’ behaviour. The 61 volunteers were all asked to wear a Google Glass headset, walk for a block in New York and focus their attention on whatever captured their interest. Theirsouped-up specs then recorded everything they looked at. Afterwards, they filled out aquestionnaire that asked, along with matters of age, sex and ethnicity, about their income, their level of education and the social class they believed they belonged to.

Dietze 博士和Knowles博士进行了一个实验，他们告诉志愿者这是一个关于谷歌眼镜的研究。然而他们撒谎了。这个实验并不是为了研究这些装备(微型摄像机藏在眼镜里，可以时刻记录下佩戴者所看到的任何画面)，而是为了观察这些志愿者的行为反应。这61名志愿者都被要求头戴谷歌眼镜，在纽约的一个街区闲逛并观察任何使他们感兴趣的事物。这个改良过的眼镜会记录下他们所观察到的任何东西。之后，他们填写了一张问卷调查表，内容包括年龄，性别，种族，收入，受教育的水平以及他们认为自己所处的社会阶层。

Apparatus n.装备Surreptitious footage 秘密录像Capture v.捕获souped-up adj.改进的Questionnaire n.问卷调查Ethnicity n.种族

This done, the researchers handed the videos over to six “coders”—people trained to parsevideo recordings for teams of psychologists without knowing the purpose of an experiment. The coders were asked to identify participants’ glances at other people, and also to record the duration of each gaze.

这些完成之后，研究人员将视频交给了六个“编码员”，这些编码员是经过专门训练的。他们在不知道实验目的的情况下，来帮助心理咨询师团队完成录像分析。这些编码员要确定志愿者看过哪些人，并记录下每一次注视的时间。

Parse v. 分析duration n 持续时间.

When Dr Dietze and Dr Knowles correlated the coders’ conclusions with the data from the questionnaires, they found that the number of gazes at strangers did not vary with social class, but their duration did. Specifically, upper-middle-class and upper-class people gazed at the faces of others for a fifth of a second less than members of lower social classes.

Dietze 和 Knowles博士把编码员的分析结果和调查问卷中的数据联系起来之后，他们发现不同社会阶层的志愿者对陌生人注视的次数并没有差别，但他们持续的时间不同。具体来说，中上层阶级对他人面孔的平均注视时间比较低社会阶层的人少了五分之一秒。

To explore further, the two researchers set up a second experiment. In this they asked 82 volunteers to place their heads on chin rests and have their eyes monitored as they were shown a variety of street scenes from New York, San Francisco and London. This time, working-class people spent a tenth of a second longer looking at faces than did upper-middle-class people—a difference that did not apply when the same people looked atinanimate objects.

为了进一步研究，两位研究人员进行了第二个实验。在这次试验里，他们要求82名志愿者用手托腮，并在向他们展示纽约，旧金山，伦敦各种各样街景的同时注意观察他们的眼睛。这一次，工薪阶层比中产阶级多看了十分之一秒——同一个人看无生命物体的持续时间是不变的。

chin rest：腮托inanimate ：adj.无生命的

Dr Dietze and Dr Knowles then ran one more experiment. This was a version of Kim’s game, in which they presented 397 participants with an array of six randomly arranged images (one of a face and five of inanimate objects such as fruits, houseplants or musical instruments) that alternated with a second array which either had identical images to the first, but differently arranged, or had one of those images changed (and was also differently arranged). Participants had to work out which image, if any, had been substituted.

Dietze博士和Knowles博士又进行了另一个实验。这次是金氏游戏的形式，他们向397名志愿者展示了六张随机排列的图像(一张脸和五张静物，如水果、室内盆栽植物、乐器)随后换第二列图片。第二列图片的第一张是人脸，只是图片顺序不同或换掉其中的一张(顺序也要不同)。如果有图片被换掉，志愿者要指出哪张被换了。Once again, there was no difference between classes’ success in doing this when the altered image was of an object. (读者试译)When it was of a face, though, lower-class people did better than upper-class ones.但如果换掉的图片是一张脸的话，较低的阶层的人做得比较高阶层的好。

It seems, then, that those from the lower classes really do take more notice of faces than those who inhabit the top of the heap. Why, is open to speculation. Dr Dietze’s and Dr Knowles’s own view is that the upper classes pay less attention because they believe random strangers have little to offer. Perhaps one way to test that hypothesis would be to rerun their experiment at a Buckingham Palace garden party.

由此可见，那些社会底层的人确实比上层的人对人脸的关注力更强。为什么会这样，还是开放性的猜测。Dietze博士和Knowles博士认为上层的人关注力不足的原因是他们觉得随意碰到的陌生人没什么好关注的。可能验证这个假设的唯一方法，就是在白金汉宫的花园派对上重试他们的实验。

heap：n.堆