2012年中山大学博士入学考试考博英语阅读理解第四篇

What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends, of course, on the meaning of “future”. If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H.G. Wells onwards, have had little to say on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been discovered or invented at least. One may be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰，灰浆) will long have gone out of fashion.
　　But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the world’s rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is out. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard “housing” of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.
　　Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally millions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor(肮脏)and disease and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements(贫民住宅)are rising at an astonishing aped. But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services, drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.
　　1.What is the author’s opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph?
　　A.They may be completely solved at sometime in the future.
　　B.They are unimportant and easily dealt with.
　　C.They will not be solved until a new building material has been discovered.
　　D.They have been dealt with in specific detail in books describing the future.
　　2.The writer is sure that in the distant future ___.
　　A.bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material.
　　B.a new building material will have been invented.
　　C.bricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionable.
　　D.a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered.
　　3.The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to confront the world before the end of the century ___.
　　A.is difficult to foresee.
　　B.will be how to feed the ever growing population.
　　C.will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world.
　　D.is the question of finding enough ground space.
　　4.When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in these parts ___.
　　A.standards of building are low.
　　B.only minimum shelter will be possible.
　　C.there is not enough ground space.
　　D.the population growth will be the greatest.
　　5.Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3?
　　A.Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees.
　　B.Hong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions of refugees.
　　C.Hong Kong’s crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a number of other problems of population growth.
　 D.Many parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encountered by Hong Kong and may find it much harder to deal with them.
答案：
A A B D D
阅读5（这也是考研题）
　Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears, by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" — the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it"
　　Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM （rapid eye movement）sleep — when most vivid dreams occur — as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system （the "emotional brain"）is especially active, while the prefronted cortex （the center of intellect and reasoning）is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
　　The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events — until, it appears, we begin to dream.
　　And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
　　At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling. Sleep — or rather dream — on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
11. Researchers have come to believe that dreams
　　[A] can be modified in their courses　　　　[B] are susceptible to emotional changes
　　[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears　　　[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs
12. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show
　　[A] it's function in our dreams　　　　　 [B] the mechanism of REM sleep
　　[C] the relation of dreams to emotions　　　　 [D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex
13. The Negative feelings generated during the day tend to
　　[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind　　　　[B] develop into happy dreams
　　[C] persist till the time we fall asleep　 　　[D] show up in dreams early at night
14. Cartwright seems to suggest that
　　[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
　　[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
　　[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression
　　[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
15. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
　　[A] Lead your life as usual　　　　　　[B] Seek professional help
　　[C] Exercise conscious control　　　　[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime