The Role of Government II. Vocabulary: Task 1: Brainstorm some words associating with government _____________ ____________ ________________ ________________ _____________ ____________ ________________ ________________ _____________ ____________ ________________ ________________ Answer: department, official, function, minister, treasury, judiciary, local government, central government, legislation, executive, government bond, revenue, Government bill政府议案, government bulletin政府公报 government intervention政府干预 government loan公债 government standard 国定标准 government property 国有资产 government monopoly国家垄断 III. Reading: 1. Reading skill 3: 解释说明类文章 Passage 1 Questions 47 to 50 are based on the following passage: In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade-restricting and trade-expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this; it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection”. But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism.., coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism—indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than)free traders stood for laissez-faire (放任政策). Now, as in the 1930’s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies’ satisfaction.” It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. There fore ,the government intervenes ( 干涉，干预 )to bring about a more desired result. The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum-wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene. 47. This passage is primarily concerned with discussing _________. A. the definition of the new protectionism B. the difference between new and old protectionism C. the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world D. the significance of the welfare state 48. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage? A. Free education is available to a child. B. Laws are made to fix the minimum wage. C. A jobless person can be insured. D. There are regulations for rent. 49. Which of the following inferences is true, according to this passage? A. The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states. B. In the 1930’s,protectionism began to rise. C. The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest. D. Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain. 50. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions? A. When did the new protectionism arise? B. Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries? C. Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government? D. Why does the government intervene in economic life? (待续)