北京林业大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

北京林业大学博士生入学考试英语模拟试题

Test One
Part I. Listening Comprehension (20 points)
Section A (9 points)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1.
    A. Not hanging the poster.
    B. Peeling off the wall paper.
    C. Using the tape for the poster.
    D. Not hiding the damage.
2.
    A. The people are talking on a bus.
    B. The conversation took place in a bus.
    C. The man and the woman were talking over the telephone.
    D. The man and the woman are in an elevator.
3.
    A. Taking his typewriter to the repair shop.
    B. Soundproof his room.
    C. Work in the basement.
    D. Follow his roommate's advice.
4.
    A. She has to agree that her husband watches the game.
    B. She doesn't mind her husband's watching the game.
    C. She can do very much about his watching the game.
    D. She wants very much to watch the game herself.
5.
    A. He was offered a better job.
    B. He received a traffic ticket.
    C. he works very careful.
    D. He always drives through a lot of traffic.
6.
    A. The woman's daughter
    B. The woman's son
    C. A silly child aged eight
    D. An able child aged eight
7.
    A. He's glad that the appointment has been put off.
    B. he thought the appointment should be changed.
    C. He would like to come today.
    D. He was confused about the date of the appointment.
8.
    A. Betty told him.
    B. Peter told him.
    C. Paul told him.
    D. Nobody told him.
9.
    A. He is 68.
    B. He is 62.
    C. He is 65.
    D. He is 66.
Section B (6 points)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
10.
    A. the changes of people's life
    B. people's fashionable clothes
    C. the New World and the Old World
    D. the history in the last 500 years
11.
    A. Europe
    B. North America
    C. South America
    D. Africa
12.
    A. they loved the place
    B. they had nothing to eat at home
    C. they liked drinking the coffee there
    D. they wanted to try the wide-awake feeling
Passage 2
13.
    A. three
    B. four
    C. five
    D. none
14.
    A. Only a few have become great among millions of soccer players in the world.
    B. Those who began playing soccer when aged 3 or 4 would possibly become stars.
    C. The great footballers were taught when they were young not to choose doctors as their career.
    D. Practice in streets was the best way to train world famous soccer players.
15.
    A. He is born, not made.
    B. He is made, not born.
    C. He is neither born nor made.
    D. He is both born and made.
Section C (5 points)
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must write out the answer to the question in English.
16. ________________________________________________________________________
17. ________________________________________________________________________
18. ________________________________________________________________________
19. ________________________________________________________________________
20. ________________________________________________________________________
Part II. Vocabulary (10 points)
Directions: In this part, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
21. The area of the crash site was searched for six days looking for ______.
A. debris
B. weapons
C. traps
D. missiles
22. We are absolutely ______ with his behavior.
A. upset
B. disturbed
C. disgusted
D. shocked
23. But when it comes to Ms. Yale, the speaker softens his criticisms with ______ and forgiveness.
A. affection
B. affirmation
C. argumentation
D. association
24. My boss will always get very upset even over ______ problems.
A. commercial
B. petty
C. realistic
D. easy
25. I gave them a lecture last week, but I wondered how much they ______.
A. took in
B. misunderstood
C. wrote down
D. wrote up
26. In Europe the destroying effects of war had to be ______ and then came the enlargement of universities, government institutes, and industrial establishments.
A. made effective
B. put aside
C. made good
D. make sure
27. ______ on my windows keep the sunshine out so that the room is dark.
A. Spots
B. Shutters
C. Bars
D. Lights
28. The construction of the bridge was a ______ of engineering and everybody highly valued it.
A. fault
B. result
C. feat
D. symbol
29. My sister couldn't ______ the horse so they gave her a pony instead.
A. nerve
B. mount
C. assess
D. tempt
30. Margarate has ______ a series of change in her personality.
A. accomplished
B. anticipated
C. occasioned
D. undergone
31. It is a pity to let Latin ______ as the international language of scholars.
A. advance
B. lapse
C. continue
D. popularize
32. When her boyfriend's name was mentioned her face was suddenly hot and ______.
A. glittered
B. converted
C. picked
D. split
33. Mosquitoes cause the ______ of many kinds of diseases.
A. transmission
B. vaccine
C. wreck
D. implementation
34. It was Martin who ______ a new technical meaning of the word totally different from what I referred to in my opening paragraph.
A. produced
B. abused
C. indexed
D. coined
35. The business woman was a ______ collector of oriental art and there is a huge collection displayed in her house.
A. zealous
B. apathetic
C. random
D. careful
36. It ______ rather than addresses the main liberal preoccupations.
A. isolates
B. bypasses
C. eliminates
D. discriminates
37. They ______ hate at each other.
A. glanced
B. glared
C. glimpsed
D. glowed
38. They may ______ and oversimplify issues at the same time as they reveal and elaborate them.
A. infer
B. stretch
C. polarize
D. disguise
39. Seat-belts are a ______ against serious injures.
A. reassurance
B. safeguard
C. threat
D. challenge
40. Our train ______ its way north through heavy blackouts and it was made more miserable by the sounding of sirens and frequent unexplained halts.
A. cracked
B. craned
C. crashed
D. crawled
Part III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
DEHYDRATION can make top athletes and performers lose their competitive edge, says a leading British sports dietician. Her answer: a pee chart that enables people to tell from the color of their urine whether they are drinking enough fluids.
Avoiding dehydration before an event can make the difference between failure and success says Ann Price, who works with Britain's Olympic gymnastic, badminton and equestrian teams. Athletes are more likely to strike gold if their first pee of the day is pale yellow, she says. Her chart is also used by Arsenal football team and the Birmingham Royal Ballet.
It's difficult to quantify the impact, says Price, who is presenting her results this week in Heritage at a meeting of the British Dietetic Association. But at levels of 1 per cent dehydration, you could expect a 5 per cent drop in performance, she says.
Dehydration is defined as the percentage of normal body weight lost, as sweat for example, without being replaced. Even a small impairment in performance could be vital in events where microseconds count — such as sprinting — or where concentration and reaction time are crucial.
Working with other dieticians, Price developed a laminated credit-card-sized pee chart. This allows athletes to compare the color of their early morning pee with eight colors displayed on the chart. They range from pale, creamy yellow to a dark browny color, says Price.
If you produce lots of pale urine that doesn't smell, you're hydrated properly, says Price. Athletes are advised to drink more if their urine falls in the dark range.
Dehydration is measured by looking at the concentration of solutes, such as urea, in urine. This normally requires complicated equipment. But Lawrence Armstrong of the University of Connecticut has shown that there is a correlation between urine color and solute concentration, and Price based her chart on his work.
Lucozade, a British soft drinks company, makes the pee charts and distributes them to top sports teams.
41. A PEE CHART is ________.
A. an outline map for people to compare eight colors on it
B. a colorful table to show the prices of credit cards
C. an honor-record card which is colorfully displayed
D. a small thin piece for athletes to check their degree of dehydration
42. According to the text, when one suffers from dehydration, he or she must ________.
A. ask for emergency treatment
B. properly drink an additional amount of water
C. check the pee chart
D. increase sugar in daily life
43. Which of the following competitive sports is NOT severely affected by dehydration in course of success?
A. Those that are won by speed.
B. Those that are won with quick thinking and movement.
C. Those that are won with concentrated mind.
D. Those that are won by correlation between urine color and solute concentration.
44. It is ________ for one to confirm the simple measurement of dehydration by another method.
A. possible
B. definitely possible
C. impossible
D. definitely impossible
45. In this text EVENT can be best replaced by ________.
A. something important that happens
B. a social occasion
C. an activity
D. an individual contest in a sports program
Passage 2
The history of ecology change is still so elementary that we know little about what really happened, or what results were. The destruction of the European aurochs as late as 1627 would seem to have been a simple case of over enthusiastic hunting. On more complex matters it often is impossible to find solid information. For a thousand years or more the Frisians and Netherlanders have been pushing back the North Sea, and the process is culminating in our own time in the reclamation of the Zuider Zee. What, if any, species of animals, birds, fish, shore life, or plants have died out in the process? In their heroic combat with the sea have the Netherlanders overlooked ecological values in such a way that the quality of human life in the Netherlands has suffered? I cannot discover that the questions have ever been asked, much less answered.
People, then, have often been a dynamic element in their own environment, but in the present state of historical scholarship we usually do not know exactly when, where, or with what efforts man-induced changes came. As we enter the last third of the 20th century, however, concern for the problem of ecological backlash is mounting feverishly. Natural science, conceived as the effort to understand the nature of things, had flourished in several eras and among several peoples. Similarly there had been an age-old accumulation of technological skills, sometimes growing rapidly, sometimes slowly. But it was not until about four generations ago that Western Europe and North America arranged a marriage between science and technology, a union of the theoretical and the empirical approaches to our natural environment. The emergence in widespread practice of the Baconian belief that scientific knowledge means technological power over nature can scarcely be dated before about 1850, save in the chemical industries, where it is anticipated in the 18th century. Its acceptance as a normal pattern of action may mark the greatest event in human history since the invention of agriculture, and perhaps in non-human earth history as well.
46. At the very beginning of the text, the writer points out that ________.
A. the history of ecology change is very important
B. the history of ecology change is still at its primary stage
C. human being has just started the study of ecology change
D. human being dealing with the ecology change as a basic course
47. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. European architectural works were destroyed during the 17th century art research
B. The North Sea was pushed back by cultivation
C. Zuider Zee was the climax in human action to the nature
D. Ecology was not cared of by those who made use of the nature
48. What resulted in the feverish concern for the problem of ecological backlash?
A. People were worrying about lacking the knowledge about man-induced changes.
B. Human being had become a dynamic part in the ecology.
C. People connected science with technology.
D. People actively explored the nature.
49. Which of the following historical event is incorrect?
A. Around 1970 people began to consider seriously the environmental problem
B. Natural science and technological skills had been combined for several hundred years.
C. Bacon's idea was practically accepted after the middle of the 19th century.
D. Industry in the 19th century can have been regarded as the greatest event since the invention of agriculture
50. The tone in this text is ________.
A. critical
B. praising
C. sarcastic
D. indifferent
Passage 3
Did you know that all human beings have a comfort zone regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.
Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.
This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes!
Although North Americans have a relatively wide comfort zone for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands — not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person's shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a child's head in fondness; they readily take someone's arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people — especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries — such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simple left and use that hand more.
51. The term comfort zone refers to ________.
A. accepted distance between two speakers
B. realistic distance for people's gesture while talking
C. distance close enough for speakers to put each other's shoulders
D. accepted distance for people to move their faces together
52. The study of comfort zone shows ________ in their conversation.
A. people's behavior
B. people's relationship
C. different culture
D. all of the above
53. The study of comfort zone indicates that ________.
A. Asians are more calmer than Arabic Moslems
B. North Americans do not like south Americans' speaking behavior
C. Moslems tend not to follow their religious teaching
D. All of the above
54. A Parisian ________.
A. likes body contact
B. can accept body contact if unavoidable
C. cannot bear body contact in crowded elevator
D. none of the above
55. In the second paragraph the underlined phrase lends an air of dignity and respect means ________.
A. seems to have a manner of dignity and respect
B. adds an impression of dignity and respect to the zone
C. builds an environment of dignity and respect in the zone
D. disguises themselves with the appearance of dignity and respect
Part IV. Summary (10 points)
Directions: After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English with about 70 to 100 words.
Summary 原文
For hundreds of years archaeologists, anthropologists, and just plain tourists have been struck by certain similarities in the cultures of the ancient lands of Egypt and Mesopotamia and those of the ancient empires of northern South America. Theories about how these resemblances came about have been split between scholars who claim that there was a spread of such cultures from Africa to South America and those who claim that these cultures were developed simultaneously but independently. These two schools are called the diffusionists and isolationists.
The isolationists point to the huge expanses of the Atlantic Ocean as having been uncrossable by ancient and primitive peoples. They also indicate that there are no clues to the possibility that the ancient peoples had any means to transport themselves, their families, or their goods over such large bodies of water. The diffusionists, on the other hand, claim that there are indeed indications that the ancient empires of Africa had both the means and the experience for long ocean voyages. And the chief witnesses for such journeys are reed boats. These ancient craft, gracefully curved and very buoyant, are revealed in the pictures of ancient Egypt, and they are still in use in certain sections of South America, particularly Peru.
In order to prove that such movement was possible, modern explorers, the chief of them being Thor Heyerdahl, have actually had reed boats constructed and have made the trip themselves. They have shown that there was no need to rely upon favorable winds to make such voyages. The chief propelling force has proved to be the enormous currents within the Atlantic Ocean — sometimes referred to as rivers in the ocean — which enabled ancient mariners to drift from Africa to the New World within relatively short periods of time.
Part V. Translation (10 points)
Directions: In this section, read the short passage carefully and then translate the complete passage into Chinese.
英译汉
It was summertime saga that gripped the nation, for its poignancy and troubling mystery it posed. Just as the sun rose over the languid beaches in the crook of the elbow shaped playland of Cape Cod, early morning strollers were astonished by surprise visitors. Lying helplessly in shallows near the town of Dennis, Mass., like so many black boulders, were 55 grounded whales. Although nine of the whales soon died or had to be put down with lethal injection, rescuers managed to push 46 others out to the sea.
But this feel-good story quickly turned bad. During the night, whales, all dutifully tagged in the morning, beached themselves again, in a salt marsh 25 miles away. By the time good samaritans got to them, six of the whales were dead and nine others had such weak heartbeats that scientists knew they would not make it. Even those that could be refloated soon returned to shore, oblivious to the frantically splashing rescuers trying to shoo them off. By evening, all the whales — mostly females, some of them pregnant — were dead.
With its shallow waters and shifting sands, Cape Cod has long been a graveyard for both man and whales.
Part VI. Writing (20 points)
Directions: For this part, write an essay with at least 200 English words on the given topic.
In Zhangjiajie, a huge heaven elevator was erected to carry visitors to the mountain top in only less than two minutes. But it has been stopped due to the opinion that it has ruined the environment there. What is you point of view? Give your sound supporting points.