北京林业大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

北京林业大学博士生入学考试英语模拟试题集

Test One

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Part I. Listening Comprehension (20 points)
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Section A (9 points)
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Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each
conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the
question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the
pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best
answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

1.
    A. Not hanging the poster.
    B. Peeling off the wall paper.
    C. Using the tape for the poster.
    D. Not hiding the damage.

2.
    A. The people are talking on a bus.
    B. The conversation took place in a bus.
    C. The man and the woman were talking over the telephone.
    D. The man and the woman are in an elevator.

3.
    A. Taking his typewriter to the repair shop.
    B. Soundproof his room.
    C. Work in the basement.
    D. Follow his roommate's advice.

4.
    A. She has to agree that her husband watches the game.
    B. She doesn't mind her husband's watching the game.
    C. She can do very much about his watching the game.
    D. She wants very much to watch the game herself.

5.
    A. He was offered a better job.
    B. He received a traffic ticket.
    C. he works very careful.
    D. He always drives through a lot of traffic.

6.
    A. The woman's daughter
    B. The woman's son
    C. A silly child aged eight
    D. An able child aged eight

7.
    A. He's glad that the appointment has been put off.
    B. he thought the appointment should be changed.
    C. He would like to come today.
    D. He was confused about the date of the appointment.

8.
    A. Betty told him.
    B. Peter told him.
    C. Paul told him.
    D. Nobody told him.

9.
    A. He is 68.
    B. He is 62.
    C. He is 65.
    D. He is 66.

Section B (6 points)
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Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage,
you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

10.
    A. the changes of people's life
    B. people's fashionable clothes
    C. the New World and the Old World
    D. the history in the last 500 years

11.
    A. Europe
    B. North America
    C. South America
    D. Africa

12.
    A. they loved the place
    B. they had nothing to eat at home
    C. they liked drinking the coffee there
    D. they wanted to try the "wide-awake" feeling

Passage 2

13.
    A. three
    B. four
    C. five
    D. none

14.
    A. Only a few have become great among millions of soccer players in the world.
    B. Those who began playing soccer when aged 3 or 4 would possibly become stars.
    C. The great footballers were taught when they were young not to choose doctors as
       their career.
    D. Practice in streets was the best way to train world famous soccer players.

15.
    A. He is born, not made.
    B. He is made, not born.
    C. He is neither born nor made.
    D. He is both born and made.

Section C (5 points)
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Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. At the end of the passage, you will
hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question, you must write out the answer to the question in English.

16. ________________________________________________________________________

17. ________________________________________________________________________

18. ________________________________________________________________________

19. ________________________________________________________________________

20. ________________________________________________________________________

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Part II. Vocabulary (10 points)
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Directions: In this part, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one
that best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

21. The area of the crash site was searched for six days looking for ______.
A. debris B. weapons C. traps D. missiles

22. We are absolutely ______ with his behavior.
A. upset B. disturbed C. disgusted D. shocked

23. But when it comes to Ms. Yale, the speaker softens his criticisms with ______ and
forgiveness.
A. affection B. affirmation C. argumentation D. association

24. My boss will always get very upset even over ______ problems.
A. commercial B. petty C. realistic D. easy

25. I gave them a lecture last week, but I wondered how much they ______.
A. took in B. misunderstood C. wrote down D. wrote up

26. In Europe the destroying effects of war had to be ______ and then came the enlargement
of universities, government institutes, and industrial establishments.
A. made effective B. put aside C. made good D. make sure

27. ______ on my windows keep the sunshine out so that the room is dark.
A. Spots B. Shutters C. Bars D. Lights

28. The construction of the bridge was a ______ of engineering and everybody highly
valued it.
A. fault B. result C. feat D. symbol

29. My sister couldn't ______ the horse so they gave her a pony instead.
A. nerve B. mount C. assess D. tempt

30. Margarate has ______ a series of change in her personality.
A. accomplished B. anticipated C. occasioned D. undergone

31. It is a pity to let Latin ______ as the international language of scholars.
A. advance B. lapse C. continue D. popularize

32. When her boyfriend's name was mentioned her face was suddenly hot and ______.
A. glittered B. converted C. picked D. split

33. Mosquitoes cause the ______ of many kinds of diseases.
A. transmission B. vaccine C. wreck D. implementation

34. It was Martin who ______ a new technical meaning of the word totally different from
what I referred to in my opening paragraph.
A. produced B. abused C. indexed D. coined

35. The business woman was a ______ collector of oriental art and there is a huge
collection displayed in her house.
A. zealous B. apathetic C. random D. careful

36. It ______ rather than addresses the main liberal preoccupations.
A. isolates B. bypasses C. eliminates D. discriminates

37. They ______ hate at each other.
A. glanced B. glared C. glimpsed D. glowed

38. They may ______ and oversimplify issues at the same time as they reveal and elaborate
them.
A. infer B. stretch C. polarize D. disguise

39. Seat-belts are a ______ against serious injures.
A. reassurance B. safeguard C. threat D. challenge

40. Our train ______ its way north through heavy blackouts and it was made more miserable
by the sounding of sirens and frequent unexplained halts.
A. cracked B. craned C. crashed D. crawled

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Part III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
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Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked
A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

DEHYDRATION can make top athletes and performers lose their competitive edge, says a
leading British sports dietician. Her answer: a pee chart that enables people to tell from
the color of their urine whether they are drinking enough fluids.

Avoiding dehydration before an event can make the difference between failure and
success says Ann Price, who works with Britain's Olympic gymnastic, badminton and
equestrian teams. Athletes are more likely to strike gold if their first pee of the day is
pale yellow, she says. Her chart is also used by Arsenal football team and the Birmingham
Royal Ballet.

"It's difficult to quantify the impact," says Price, who is presenting her results this
week in Heritage at a meeting of the British Dietetic Association. "But at levels of 1 per
cent dehydration, you could expect a 5 per cent drop in performance," she says.

Dehydration is defined as the percentage of normal body weight lost, as sweat for
example, without being replaced. Even a small impairment in performance could be vital in
events where microseconds count — such as sprinting — or where concentration and reaction
time are crucial.

Working with other dieticians, Price developed a laminated credit-card-sized "pee
chart". This allows athletes to compare the color of their early morning pee with eight
colors displayed on the chart. "They range from pale, creamy yellow to a dark browny
color," says Price.

"If you produce lots of pale urine that doesn't smell, you're hydrated properly," says
Price. Athletes are advised to drink more if their urine falls in the dark range.

Dehydration is measured by looking at the concentration of solutes, such as urea, in
urine. This normally requires complicated equipment. But Lawrence Armstrong of the
University of Connecticut has shown that there is a correlation between urine color and
solute concentration, and Price based her chart on his work.

Lucozade, a British soft drinks company, makes the pee charts and distributes them to
top sports teams.

Questions

41. A PEE CHART is ________.
    A. an outline map for people to compare eight colors on it
    B. a colorful table to show the prices of credit cards
    C. an honor-record card which is colorfully displayed
    D. a small thin piece for athletes to check their degree of dehydration

42. According to the text, when one suffers from dehydration, he or she must ________.
    A. ask for emergency treatment
    B. properly drink an additional amount of water
    C. check the pee chart
    D. increase sugar in daily life

43. Which of the following competitive sports is NOT severely affected by dehydration in
course of success?
    A. Those that are won by speed.
    B. Those that are won with quick thinking and movement.
    C. Those that are won with concentrated mind.
    D. Those that are won by correlation between urine color and solute concentration.

44. It is ________ for one to confirm the simple measurement of dehydration by another
method.
    A. possible
    B. definitely possible
    C. impossible
    D. definitely impossible

45. In this text EVENT can be best replaced by ________.
    A. something important that happens
    B. a social occasion
    C. an activity
    D. an individual contest in a sports program

Passage 2

The history of ecology change is still so elementary that we know little about what
really happened, or what results were. The destruction of the European aurochs as late as
1627 would seem to have been a simple case of over enthusiastic hunting. On more complex
matters it often is impossible to find solid information. For a thousand years or more the
Frisians and Netherlanders have been pushing back the North Sea, and the process is
culminating in our own time in the reclamation of the Zuider Zee. What, if any, species
of animals, birds, fish, shore life, or plants have died out in the process? In their
heroic combat with the sea have the Netherlanders overlooked ecological values in such a
way that the quality of human life in the Netherlands has suffered? I cannot discover that
the questions have ever been asked, much less answered.

People, then, have often been a dynamic element in their own environment, but in the
present state of historical scholarship we usually do not know exactly when, where, or
with what efforts man-induced changes came. As we enter the last third of the 20th
century, however, concern for the problem of ecological backlash is mounting feverishly.
Natural science, conceived as the effort to understand the nature of things, had
flourished in several eras and among several peoples. Similarly there had been an age-old
accumulation of technological skills, sometimes growing rapidly, sometimes slowly. But it
was not until about four generations ago that Western Europe and North America arranged a
marriage between science and technology, a union of the theoretical and the empirical
approaches to our natural environment. The emergence in widespread practice of the
Baconian belief that scientific knowledge means technological power over nature can
scarcely be dated before about 1850, save in the chemical industries, where it is
anticipated in the 18th century. Its acceptance as a normal pattern of action may mark
the greatest event in human history since the invention of agriculture, and perhaps in
non-human earth history as well.

Questions

46. At the very beginning of the text, the writer points out that ________.
    A. the history of ecology change is very important
    B. the history of ecology change is still at its primary stage
    C. human being has just started the study of ecology change
    D. human being dealing with the ecology change as a basic course

47. Which of the following statements is not true?
    A. European architectural works were destroyed during the 17th century art research
    B. The North Sea was pushed back by cultivation
    C. Zuider Zee was the climax in human action to the nature
    D. Ecology was not cared of by those who made use of the nature

48. What resulted in the feverish concern for the problem of ecological backlash?
    A. People were worrying about lacking the knowledge about man-induced changes.
    B. Human being had become a dynamic part in the ecology.
    C. People connected science with technology.
    D. People actively explored the nature.

49. Which of the following historical event is incorrect?
    A. Around 1970 people began to consider seriously the environmental problem
    B. Natural science and technological skills had been combined for several hundred
       years.
    C. Bacon's idea was practically accepted after the middle of the 19th century.
    D. Industry in the 19th century can have been regarded as the greatest event since
       the invention of agriculture

50. The tone in this text is ________.
    A. critical
    B. praising
    C. sarcastic
    D. indifferent

Passage 3

Did you know that all human beings have a "comfort zone" regulating the distance they
stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people
of different cultures.

Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America
normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer
as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back
away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21
inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers
in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This
matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.

This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the
extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue
or make an emphatic (强调的) point. In the United States, for example, people try to
keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes!

Although North Americans have a relatively wide "comfort zone" for talking, they
communicate a great deal with their hands — not only with gesture but also with touch.
They put a sympathetic hand on a person's shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an
arm around him in sympathy; they pat an arm in reassurance (放心) or stroke a child's
head in fondness; they readily take someone's arm to help him across a street or direct
him along an unfamiliar route. To many people — especially those from Asia or the Moslem
(穆斯林) countries — such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if done with the left
hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simple
left and use that hand more.

Questions

51. The term "comfort zone" refers to ________.
    A. accepted distance between two speakers
    B. realistic distance for people's gesture while talking
    C. distance close enough for speakers to put each other's shoulders
    D. accepted distance for people to move their faces together

52. The study of "comfort zone" shows ________ in their conversation.
    A. people's behavior
    B. people's relationship
    C. different culture
    D. all of the above

53. The study of comfort zone indicates that ________.
    A. Asians are more calmer than Arabic Moslems
    B. North Americans do not like south Americans' speaking behavior
    C. Moslems tend not to follow their religious teaching
    D. All of the above

54. A Parisian ________.
    A. likes body contact
    B. can accept body contact if unavoidable
    C. cannot bear body contact in crowded elevator
    D. none of the above

55. In the second paragraph the underlined phrase "lends an air of dignity and respect"
means ________.
    A. seems to have a manner of dignity and respect
    B. adds an impression of dignity and respect to the zone
    C. builds an environment of dignity and respect in the zone
    D. disguises themselves with the appearance of dignity and respect

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Part IV. Summary (10 points)
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Directions: After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English
with about 70 to 100 words.

For hundreds of years archaeologists, anthropologists, and just plain tourists have
been struck by certain similarities in the cultures of the ancient lands of Egypt and
Mesopotamia and those of the ancient empires of northern South America. Theories about
how these resemblances came about have been split between scholars who claim that there
was a spread of such cultures from Africa to South America and those who claim that these
cultures were developed simultaneously but independently. These two schools are called the
diffusionists and isolationists.

The isolationists point to the huge expanses of the Atlantic Ocean as having been
uncrossable by ancient and primitive peoples. They also indicate that there are no clues
to the possibility that the ancient peoples had any means to transport themselves, their
families, or their goods over such large bodies of water. The diffusionists, on the other
hand, claim that there are indeed indications that the ancient empires of Africa had both
the means and the experience for long ocean voyages. And the chief witnesses for such
journeys are reed boats. These ancient craft, gracefully curved and very buoyant, are
revealed in the pictures of ancient Egypt, and they are still in use in certain sections
of South America, particularly Peru.

In order to prove that such movement was possible, modern explorers, the chief of them
being Thor Heyerdahl, have actually had reed boats constructed and have made the trip
themselves. They have shown that there was no need to rely upon favorable winds to make
such voyages. The chief propelling force has proved to be the enormous currents within
the Atlantic Ocean — sometimes referred to as "rivers in the ocean" — which enabled
ancient mariners to drift from Africa to the New World within relatively short periods of
time.

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Part V. Translation (10 points)
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Directions: In this section, read the short passage carefully and then translate the
complete passage into Chinese.

It was summertime saga that gripped the nation, for its poignancy and troubling
mystery it posed. Just as the sun rose over the languid beaches in the crook of the elbow
shaped playland of Cape Cod, early morning strollers were astonished by surprise visitors.
Lying helplessly in shallows near the town of Dennis, Mass., like so many black boulders,
were 55 grounded whales. Although nine of the whales soon died or had to be put down with
lethal injection, rescuers managed to push 46 others out to the sea.

But this feel-good story quickly turned bad. During the night, whales, all dutifully
tagged in the morning, beached themselves again, in a salt marsh 25 miles away. By the
time good samaritans got to them, six of the whales were dead and nine others had such
weak heartbeats that scientists knew they would not make it. Even those that could be
refloated soon returned to shore, oblivious to the frantically splashing rescuers trying to
shoo them off. By evening, all the whales — mostly females, some of them pregnant — were
dead.

With its shallow waters and shifting sands, Cape Cod has long been a graveyard for
both man and whales.

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Part VI. Writing (20 points)
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Directions: For this part, write an essay with at least 200 English words on the given
topic.

In Zhangjiajie (张家界), a huge "heaven elevator" was erected to carry visitors to the
mountain top in only less than two minutes. But it has been stopped due to the opinion
that it has ruined the environment there. What is you point of view? Give your sound
supporting points.