北京理工大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

北京理工大学2002年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

考试科目：英语
Part II Vocabulary (20 points, 0.5 point for each)
Section A
Directions: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.
16. My landlady is always trying to meddle in everything we do.
A. interfere
B. intrude
C. order
D. encase
17. Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile side walk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.
A. turns to
B. gives way to
C. recedes to
D. gets back to
18. The small group of onlookers presented a pathetic sight and did nothing to help the drowning child.
A. pitiable
B. unreasonable
C. depressing
D. immoral
19. Hardy was stimulated by the sights, sounds and smells about him; he was enjoying his sensuous experience.
A. sensational
B. sentimental
C. sensitive
D. sensible
20. His company empowered the young engineer to negotiate the contract to be signed with the American Microsoft.
A. enforced
B. strengthened
C. ordered
D. authorized
21. I wish I could report a dazzling success but in fact it does not quite come off. I don't think I may live up to my father's expectation.
A. come on time
B. go off well
C. appear properly
D. boil down to
22. The Pakistan government is leaning on the Taliban government to hand over Osama to save this entire region from catastrophe.
A. unhappiness
B. disaster
C. depression
D. tragedy
23. The group is dedicated to preventing the PLO from entering peace negotiations with Jordan.
A. contributed
B. cemented
C. devoted
D. dispatched
24. With the development of sophisticated instruments, earthquake will become predictable.
A. advanced
B. delicate
C. dedicated
D. difficult
25. The ongoing negotiation relied on unorthodox channels, avoiding the dull State Department, which he disdained.
A. respected
B. neglected
C. denied
D. despised
26. The severance of church and state is a basic principle of our government.
A. integration
B. discrimination
C. separation
D. exposition
27. One of the consequences of advanced cognitive ability has been the emergence of cultural life.
A. commendable
B. compiling
C. perceptive
D. pertinent
28. Some corpses were so badly dismembered that they couldn't be identified as men or women.
A. dismissed
B. severed
C. dispersed
D. disposed
29. He tried but failed in his attempt to avoid being prosecuted by practicing bribery.
A. sentenced by
B. accused of
C. condemned of
D. blamed for
30. There is a large joint programme of development among leading US computer companies, and IBM, though it says nothing, may well have the biggest programme of all.
A. prosecuted
B. consolidated
C. unified
D. boosted
31. The idea of time is incorporated in all languages of the world.
A. assigned
B. contained
C. indicated
D. evidenced
32. Nail polish is made from cellulose lacquer, and opaque nail polish can be made by adding titanium oxide.
A. varnish
B. wax
C. resin
D. tallow
33. He made a dispatch for a specific purpose.
A. expedition
B. punch
C. declaration
D. raid
34. A goal of modern dance often is to express the dancer's innermost feelings and emotions.
A. most original
B. most personal
C. most selfish
D. most enchanting
35. The freshmen will be notifled regarding the college placement examination.
A. condoned
B. informed
C. emulated
D. deformed
Section B
Directions: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.
36. Profit sharing is a good ________ for employees.
A. treatment
B. experiment
C. incentive
D. reinforce
37. Social workers often use ________ in their research.
A. frauds
B. narrations
C. refutations
D. questionnaire
38. His fellow workers like and respect him because he is a man of ________.
A. sincerity
B. injustice
C. inquiry
D. hostility
39. The World War II ended during Truman's ________.
A. Presidency
B. succession
C. realm
D. duration
40. ________ metal ran out of the furnace.
A. Molten
B. Graded
C. Welded
D. Consolidated
41. The spokes in a bicycle wheel are arranged in a ________ pattern.
A. radial
B. radical
C. spherical
D. spiral
42. His voice ________ his Welsh origins though he has been living in New York for 25 years.
A. preserves
B. muffles
C. monitors
D. betrays
43. I hope my students will allow a ________ for error correction.
A. quota
B. burial
C. margin
D. fringe
44. Many people nowadays ________ an oath that he will never get married.
A. quote
B. swear
C. declare
D. claim
45. A diet of ________ food is served to every hospital patient.
A. filthy
B. clinical
C. nourishing
D. stuffy
46. The doctor said: I'm going to ________ a course of treatment for you.
A. dispose
B. hypothesize
C. manipulate
D. prescribe
47. He went on to say that he would go to his hometown in ________ of peace.
A. quest
B. allowance
C. thirst
D. greed
48. My grandmother ________ the photographs of her two grandchildren.
A. comprises
B. treasures
C. offends
D. notarizes
49. He might cheat his friends in a cheap card game, but he remains basically ________ in his business dealings.
A. suspicious
B. sophisticated
C. straightforward
D. shrewd
50. If the world was really like what the figure pictures, then each individual today would have only one ________ a hundred or a million generation.
A. manufacturer
B. offspring
C. descendant
D. ancestor
51. We finish this chapter by giving you examples of nutritious, well balanced easy meals. These are not at all original or ________ but are based on the ordinary things that most people tend to eat.
A. exotic
B. majestic
C. weird
D. provincial
52. For the cast of this mighty epic, Vidal ________ his brilliant family and social connections, which included Mary Pickford, Marion Davies and throngs for the political world.
A. drew off
B. drew out
C. drew up
D. drew on
53. Eventually the rarer genes will disappear and the genetic types ________ leaving fewer offspring will become ________.
A. extinguished
B. extraordinary
C. extinct
D. extreme
54. In view of the depression of the national economy, there are plans to ________ a much greater harvest from the timber resource.
A. excel
B. expel
C. expire
D. extract
55. At that time the earnings of the boxers were ________ and they could make money for their followers as well.
A. faint
B. fabric
C. fragile
D. fabulous
Part III Cloze (10 points, 0.5 for each)
Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the choices given below for each of the blanks. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators find that 56 toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers. 57 their younger counterparts are more likely to 58. Kindergarten children who turn five during the 59 half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it 60 physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten 61 to receive better grades and score higher on achievement 62 throughout their school experience 63 do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the 64 thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today's children 65 inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs. Youngsters 66 parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have 67 anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fall to maintain their initial academic advantage 68 their less-pressured peers.
Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. They question 69 environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantaged home. They do not deny, however, the 70 of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children 71 freedom to play, develop at their own 72, and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now 73 of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too 74 and thereby depriving them of their 75.
56. A. older    B. taller    C. stronger    D. smarter
57. A. Since    B. Now that    C. Thereby    D. Whereas
58. A. fall    B. fail    C. flee    D. fear
59. A. late    B. later    C. latest    D. latter
60. A. lies in    B. deals with    C. comes to    D. calls for
61. A. help    B. want    C. end    D. prefer
62. A. tests    B. trials    C. performance    D. competition
63. A. that    B. which    C. then    D. than
64. A. easy    B. hard    C. same    D. similar
65. A. for    B. against    C. with    D. towards
66. A. and    B. with    C. those    D. whose
67. A. much    B. more    C. many    D. most
68. A. to    B. against    C. over    D. than
69. A. how    B. that    C. why    D. whether
70. A. value    B. power    C. consideration    D. responsibility
71. A. possible    B. reasonable    C. imaginable    D. considerable
72. A. way    B. case    C. pace    D. means
73. A. thought    B. reminded    C. expected    D. regarded
74. A. well    B. hard    C. badly    D. directly
75. A. memory    B. childhood    C. ambitions    D. simplicity
Part VI Reading Comprehension (25 points, 1 for each)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Brazil had come from Africa. About half the population of Venezuela had a smaller but still large part of population of Trans-Atlantic whether in North, Central or South A or in the Caribbean islands. It was these men and women of African descent conquered the wilderness of the Americas, clearing and working countless farms and plantations, founding and opening innumerable mines of iron or precious metals. Harsh and painful as it was, the overseas slave trade (like the not much less painful movement of millions of hungry and jobless men and women from Europe) laid the foundations of American republics. These Africans beyond the seas have their place in the story of Africa (the story of West Africa). For what they attempted and achieved was also a reflection of the strong and independent civilization from which they came. Consider, for example, the heroic and successful struggle for independence conducted by the slaves of the Caribbean land of St. Domingue. In 1789, at the moment of the French Revolution, this French colony in the Caribbean was probably the wealthiest colony in the world. Its tens of thousands of African slave-workers produced enormous quantities of sugar, the whole European communities lived off the profits.
When news of the Revolution in France reached St. Domingue, these slaves claimed their share in its ideals and benefits. They demanded their freedom. Denied this, rose in revolt against their masters. In years of hard fighting against large armies sent by France, and afterwards against large armies sent by Britain, these men of St. Domingue won their freedom and founded the Republic of Haiti. Yet more than half these soldiers of freedom had made the middle passage across the Atlantic. More than half, in other words, had been born in Africa, had spent their childhood in Africa, had learned in Africa their respect for freedom; while nearly all the rest were the children of parents or grandparents born in Africa. And they were led by Africans: by men of genius and courage such as Boukman, the unforgettable Toussaint Louverture, and Dessalines.
Raised by Toussaint and his Africans, the banner of freedom across the Atlantic was carried from people to people. Many threw off their bondage. Large numbers of men of African origin fought in armies that made the United States what they are today. It was a general of African descent, Antonio Maceo, who led the military struggle for Cuban independence against Spain in 1868.
Like other men of vision, Maceo had no time for racism, for the false idea that one race of men is better or worse than any other. Some of the whites of Cuba disagreed with him. They were Spanish settlers who thought that white was going to be better than black even in an independent Cuba.
One day Maceo was approached by a Spanish Cuban who suggested that the regiments of independence army should be divided into whites and non-whites. Maceo made him a reply which became famous in Cuba. If you were not white, Maceo said to this man, I would have you shot on the spot. But I do not wish to be accused of being racialist as you are and so I let you go, but with the warning that I shall not be so patient another time. The revolution has no color.
76. It could be inferred that the writer thinks that, in comparison with the movement of millions of hungry and jobless people from Europe, the overseas slave trade was ________.
A. much less harsh and painful
B. rather harsh and painful
C. more harsh and painful
D. not much less harsh and painful
77. The main purpose of the first paragraph is ________.
A. to describe the heroic and successful struggle for independence waged by the slaves of St. Domingue
B. to show how huge numbers of Africans populated the Americas
C. to show that Africans had a vital part to play in laying the foundations of the American republics
D. to describe the horrors of the overseas slave trade
78. To the author, the important thing about the revolution of St. Domingue is that ________.
A. it was led by Africans
B. it fought against armies from both Britain and France
C. the people of the island were denied a share in the benefits and ideals of the French Revolution
D. it was inspired by the strong and independent civilization of Africa where most of the soldiers had originated
79. We may infer from the third paragraph that ________.
A. large numbers of black soldiers in the United States fight today
B. blacks played an important role in shaping the United States
C. blacks took no part in the independent war in the United States
D. large numbers of blacks in the United States today came from Africa
80. Maceo decided not to shoot the Spanish Cuban because ________.
A. the latter was white
B. the latter was not white
C. the revolution has no color
D. he did not wish to be accused of being a racist
Passage 2
The mid-sixties saw the start of a project that, along with other similar research, was to teach us a great deal about the chimpanzee mind. This was Project Washoe, conceived by Trixie and Allen Gardner. They purchased an infant chimpanzee and began to teach her the signs of ASL, the American Sign Language used by the deaf. Twenty years earlier, another husband and wife team, Richard and Cathy Hayes, had tried, with an almost total lack of success, to teach a young chimp, Vikki, to talk. The Hayes' undertaking taught us a lot about the chimpanzee mind, but Vikki, although she did well in IQ tests, and was clearly an intelligent youngster, could not learn human speech. The Gardners, however, achieved spectacular success with their pupil, Washoe. Not only did she learn signs easily, but she quickly began to string them together in meaningful ways. It was clear that each sign evoked, in her mind, a mental image of the object it represented. If, for example, she was asked, in sign language, to fetch an apple, she would go and locate an apple that was out of sight in another room.
Other chimps entered the project, some starting their lives in deaf signing families before joining Washoe. And finally Washoe adopted an infant, Loulis. He came from a lab where no thought of teaching signs had ever penetrated. When he was with Washoe he was given no lessons in language acquisition — not by humans, anyway. Yet by the time he was eighteen months old he had made fifty-eight signs in their correct contexts. How did he learn them? Mostly, it seems, by imitating the behavior of Washoe and the other three signing chimps, Moja, Dar, and Tam. Sometimes, though, he received tuition from Washoe herself. One day, for example, she began to swagger about bipedally, hair bristling, signing food! food! food! in great excitement. She had seen a human approaching with a bar of chocolate. Loulis, only eighteen months old, watched passively. Suddenly Washoe stopped her swaggering, went over to him, took his hand, and moulded the sign for food (fingers pointing towards mouth). Another time, in a similar context, she made the sign for chewing gum but with her hand on his body. On a third occasion, Washoe picked up a small chair, took it over to Loulis, set it down in front of him, and very distinctly made the chair sign three times, watching him closely as she did so. The two food signs became incorporated into Loulis's vocabulary but the sign for chair did not. Obviously the priorities of a young chimp are similar to those of a human child! Chimpanzees who have been taught a language can combine signs creatively in order to describe objects for which they have no symbol. Washoe, for example, puzzled her caretakers by asking, repeatedly, for a rock berry. Eventually it transpired that she was referring to brazil nuts which she had encountered for the first time a while before. Another language-trained chimp described a cucumber as a green banana. They can even invent signs. Lucy, as she got older, had to be put on a leash for her outings. One day, eager to set off but having no sign for leash, she signaled her wishes by holding a crooked index finger to the ring on her collar. This sign became part of her vocabulary.
81. The example of Washoe being sent to fetch an apple which is in another room indicates that ________.
A. chimps may have more than one way to fetch food
B. chimps can associate one sign with another in a meaningful way
C. chimps can learn the signs of ASL, the American Sign Language used by the deaf
D. chimps have their particular ways for finding what they want
82. The main idea of Paragraph 2 can be summarized as: ________.
A. chimps can also be taught to imitate their elders
B. like human beings, chimps can also learn some sign language through self-taught
C. young chimps can be clever enough to watch and learn
D. a young chimp is similar to a human child in intelligence development to know the nature of some objects
83. The word transpire in Paragraph 3 can probably mean ________.
A. it turned out that
B. it transformed that
C. it seemed that
D. it made clear that
84. From what is said in the passage we can conclude that ________.
A. some animals do have intelligence to some extent
B. chimps can be taught to use human language if enough time is given
C. chimps can even guess some particular signs to express what they want
D. chimps can be as creative as human beings
85. The best title of this passage can be ________.
A. Some New Research Findings on the Chimpanzee Mind
B. Chimpanzee Can Be Much More Intelligent and Creative than We Had Expected
C. Chimpanzee and Sign Language
D. Chimpanzees Are Proved to Be Closer to Human Beings in Language Learning
Passage 3
The Pakistani president, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, announced here today that a delegation of Pakistani officials would fly to the Taliban's headquarters in the southern Afghan city of Kandahar Monday to renew demands that the militia surrender Saudi fugitive Osama Bin Laden.
U. S. officials have named Bin Laden, who has been given shelter by the Taliban rulers in Afghanistan, as the prime suspect in Tuesday's terrorist attacks in Washington and New York.
We are aware of the gravity of the situation and know that in the lives of nations, such situations do arise that require making important decisions, Musharraf said at a meeting with Pakistani newspaper editors.
The Taliban's leader, Mohammad Omar, has refused to give up Bin Laden, claiming he is not responsible for the U. S. attacks.
The Pakistan government is leaning on the Taliban government to hand over Osama to save this entire region from catastrophe, said Najam Sethi, editor of the weekly newspaper Friday Times, who participated in the meeting with Musharraf. I am not sure whether there is much chance of that happening, but the pressure is on the Pakistan government.
Pakistan has been a key supporter of the Taliban, which controls more than 90 percent of Afghanistan and has enforced a strict interpretation of Islamic law in the country.
Omar, the Taliban leader, today convened an emergency meeting of clerics in the Afghan capital, Kabul. As regards the possible attack by America on the sacred soil of Afghanistan, veteran honorable clerics should come to Kabul for a sharia decision, Omar said in a statement broadcast on the Taliban's Radio Sharia today. Sharia is Islamic law.
Omar, who reportedly left Ms Kandahar headquarters several days ago in anticipation of a U. S. attack, asked Afghans to pray and read the Koran to meet what he called a test, according to the statement. He indicated he would not attend the meeting of clerics, though he reportedly met with a small group of senior clerics today.
The Pakistan-based Afghan Islamic Press reported today it had received a statement from Bin Laden, dispatched by an aide from an undisclosed location in Afghanistan, in which he denied involvement in last week's attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
I am residing in Afghanistan, the statement said. I have taken an oath of allegiance to Omar which does not allow me to do such things from Afghanistan. We have been blamed in the past, but we were not involved.
86. What is the mission of the delegation of Pakistani officials to Afghanistan?
A. Surrender Saudi fugitive Osama Bin Laden.
B. To convey the demands of the USA on the Americans' decision of an air-raid on Afghanistan.
C. To tell Taliban leaders to hand over Bin Laden.
D. To advise Taliban leaders to get ready for the Americans' unexpected air attacks.
87. According to the text all the following statements are true EXCEPT ________.
A. the Taliban government has been legally ruling Afghanistan since its defeating all other forces
B. Bin Laden denied his involvement in last week's attacks on the World Trade Center
C. the Taliban leaders call on their people to pray and read the Koran to meet what they called a test
D. an emergency meeting of clerics in the Afghan capital, is held today in Kabul to discuss the Americans' threat of the country
88. The statement from Bin Laden ________.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. I and III
89. The phrase the gravity of the situation in the context can best mean ________.
A. the heavy weight of the situation
B. the unexpected situation
C. the discouraging situation
D. the serious and urgent situation
90. The key points of this piece of news can be stated as ________.
A. last week's attacks on the World Trade Center and the Americans' threat on attacking of Afghanistan
B. Americans' suspect of Bin Laden's involvement in the attacks in Washington and New York and the demand of Afghanistan to give him up
C. the Taliban leaders' call for their people to defense against Americans' possible air-attack and pray and read the Koran
D. the inevitable Americans' attack against Afghanistan and the awareness of such a threat by the Taliban leaders
Passage 4
Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goal. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new phenomena in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of date, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare's Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso's painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, rather than transcend that form.
This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has no bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the master-piece of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his composition reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.
91. According to the author, distinctions between those engaged in the creative arts and in natural sciences can in part be explained by ________.
A. the different objectives of those involved in these respective pursuits
B. the different methods they employ in the collection of data to support their theories
C. the different ways in which they attempt to extend accepted conventional forms
D. the different principles of organization that they utilize in order to create new works
92. Why does the author suggest that the work of Beethoven was highly creative?
A. Because he sought to become the only composer of his time to challenge accepted musical conventions.
B. Because he adopted a new principle of organization in his work by utilizing innovative strategies.
C. Because he creatively manipulated the accepted rules and forms governing musical composition.
D. Because he synthesized a transition between the older stylistic convention and the newer musical form.
93. The passage implies that an original contribution in science is one that ________.
A. is often quoted in the work of other scientists
B. is careful not to make a value judgment about the use of data
C. is applauded by all distinguished experimentalists
D. generates a novel and well-founded generalization
94. Which of the following would most likely follow the final sentence of the passage?
A. In the similar manner, several modern composers successfully established musical conventions.
B. Similarly, the succeeding generation of composers manipulated accepted musical forms.
C. In contrast to Beethoven, however, even great modern composers like Bela Bertok did not attempt to alter accepted musical conventions.
D. Musicologists are continuing to study the compositional styles of composers in order to determine whether their contributions have been innovative.
Passage 5
A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830's through the early 1890's. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packinghouses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880's, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880's were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packinghouse workers' efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform.
In fact, other historical sources for the late nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigations commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packing-houses unsanitary, while observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked. The history may be too optimistic because most of its data date from the 1880's at the latest, and the information provided from that decade is insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880's, and continued to decline after the 1880's, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration, in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industry's workers from the 1880's on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched.
The author's misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the history's faulty generalizations. The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packinghouses—giant yards and the intricate plants—than of the unity and vibrancy of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community on Chicago's South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.
95. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing ________.
A. how historians ought to explain the origins of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry
B. why it is difficult to determine the actual nature of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry
C. why a particular account of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry is inaccurate
D. what ought to be included in any account of the Chicago meat-packers' role in the national labor movement
96. The author of the passage mentions all of the following as describing negative conditions in the meat-packing industry EXCEPT ________.
A. data from the University of Chicago
B. a recent history of the meat-packing industry
C. social workers
D. historical sources for the late nineteenth century
97. The author of the passage mentions the social movement generated by Chicago's South Side community primarily in order to ________.
A. inform the reader of events that occurred in the meat-packing industry after the period of time covered by the history
B. suggest the history's limitations by pointing out a situation that the history failed to explain adequately
C. salvage the history's point of view by suggesting that there were positive developments in the meat-packing industry due to worker unity
D. introduce a new issue designed to elaborate on the good relationship between the meat-packers and Chicago's ethnic communities
98. According to the passage, the working conditions of skilled workers in the meat-packing industry during the 1880's were influenced by ________.
A. the workers' determined complaints about the rate and conditions of their work
B. the efforts of social workers to improve sanitation in the packinghouses
C. the workers' ability to perform the industry's complex tasks
D. improvements in the industry's packing process that occurred in the 1880's
99. The author of the passage uses the second paragraph to ________.
A. summarize the main point of the history discussed in the passage
B. explain why the history discussed in the passage has been disparaged by critics
C. evaluate the findings of recent studies that undermine the premises of the history discussed in the passage
D. present evidence that is intended to refute the argument of the history discussed in the passage
100. The tone of the author of the passage in discussing the meat-packer community on Chicago's South Side can best be described as one of ________.
A. appreciation of the community's ability to cope with difficult conditions
B. admiration for the community's refusal to cooperate with labor agitators
C. indignation at the kinds of social conditions the community faced
D. annoyance at the community's inability to abolish discrimination in the meat-packing industry
Part V Writing and Translation (30 points)
Section A Writing (15 points)
Directions: Write a composition entitled as How to Meet the International Challenge after China's Entering into WTO? In about 150 words according to the following demands and write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
    1. China will enter into WTO in a few days.
    2. The great challenge faced by our government as well as ordinary people.
    3. I believe the following suggestions will be helpful in coping up with the future international challenges.
Section B Translation (15 points)
Directions: Put the following passage into English and remember to write down your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.
几乎自有人类以来就有了人工降雨的想法了，但直到1946年人类才成功地制造了雨。在古代，人工降雨声称有多种降雨的方法如，跳舞、唱歌、杀死各种动物（包括人）祭天等。
近些时候，有些人工降雨者说可以往天上放炮，引起爆炸或燃烧化学品等，由此而产生烟可以使天下雨。这些人工降雨者用费很高，需要1000美元才能降一英寸雨。有一个降雨者如此之灵，以至于差一点被处死，因为人们认为是他使加利福尼亚南部下了20英寸大雨，淹了土地，死了好几个人，造成了数百万美元的损失。