大连海事大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

大连海事大学2006年(春)博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目：英语题号：101

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I. Listening Comprehension (15%)
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Section A
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Directions: The following passage will be read twice. After listening, decide whether
the following statements are True or False. Write "T" for "true" and "F" for "false".
(0.4 x 10 = 4%)

( ) 1. Very few people came to the restaurant because the food there was neither good
not cheap enough.
( ) 2. The owner of the restaurant was worried about his business so he decided to do
something to change the situation.
( ) 3. Very soon the restaurant was full of men with their families.
( ) 4. The prices of food and drinks in the restaurant became much higher.
( ) 5. Both the men and their lady friends were satisfied after they had dinner in the
restaurant.
( ) 6. When a gentleman and his lady friend came into the restaurant, the waiter gave
a beautiful menu only to the lady.
( ) 7. The menus for the guests were the same.
( ) 8. The male guest could remain calm when he ordered dish after dish because the
prices of the dishes were reasonable.
( ) 9. After a meal at this restaurant, the lady thought her friend only pretended to
be generous.
( ) 10. The story mainly suggests that knowledge of customer psychology helps promote
business.

Section B
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Directions: You will hear ten sentences. In each sentence there is a number. Listen
carefully and write down the numbers in the brackets. The tape will be played twice.
(0.3 x 10 = 3)

1. The train arrives at ____________.
2. The coat cost Helen ____________ dollars.
3. The Sea of Japan is ____________ feet deep.
4. The shop closes at ____________ on Saturday.
5. My address is ____________ Water Street.
6. The temperature is ____________.
7. Please call Rob on ____________.
8. John came in the ____________ in the game.
9. The nearest post office is on ____________ Street.
10. Last Tuesday was my father's ____________ birthday.

Section C
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Directions: Listen to the dialogue twice and supply the missing words. (0.2 x 20 = 4)

Dialogue 1

W: How are you going to (1) ____________?
M: By (2) ____________.
W: What (3) ____________ are you taking?
M: (4) ____________ Airlines.
W: And the (5) ____________ number?
M: 838. It's a (6) ____________ flight there.
W: When's the (7) ____________ time?
M: 10:45 a.m.
W: When will you (8) ____________ there?
M: 10:25 tomorrow morning, (9) ____________ time. It's a fourteen-hour flight.
W: Happy (10) ____________!
M: Thanks.

Dialogue 2

Ken: When is your (11) ____________ going to start, Diana?
Diana: I'll be leaving on the fifth of (12) ____________.
Ken: Oh, that's only a few (13) ____________ from now. How long are you going to be
away?
Diana: Two (14) ____________.
Ken: Where are you going?
Diana: This time I'd like to go to the (15) ____________.
Ken: Have you made your hotel (16) ____________ yet?
Diana: Oh, I don't need to do that. I'll be staying with my (17) ____________.
Ken: You're lucky, Diana. It's (18) ____________ to find a place to stay at the beach in
August.
Diana: Just think, in a few days I'll be (19) ____________ every day, playing beach
ball, lying in the sun and just taking it easy.
Ken: Don't tell me about that! It (20) ____________ so great!
Diana: What about you, Ken? Where are you planning to take your vacation?
Ken: I don't know. I should think about it, I guess.

Section D
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Directions: You will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of
each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Listen carefully and
choose the best answer to each question you hear. The tape will be played twice.
(0.4 x 10 = 4)

1. ( )
a. The man's. b. The man's brother's.
c. The woman's. d. The woman's brother's.

2. ( )
a. Mary. b. Ann.
c. Ann and Mary. d. Ann and Helen.

3. ( )
a. He hurt his leg. b. He hurt his back.
c. He hurt his hand. d. He hurt his foot.

4. ( )
a. In a restaurant. b. At a railway station.
c. In the post office. d. At the airport.

5. ( )
a. A doctor. b. A nurse.
c. A secretary. d. A receptionist.

6. ( )
a. The chemistry lab. b. The language lab.
c. The physics lab. d. The chemistry and physics lab.

7. ( )
a. At a restaurant. b. At a grocery.
c. At a booking office. d. At a bookstore.

8. ( )
a. English. b. Chinese.
c. American. d. French.

9. ( )
a. Study. b. See a film.
c. See a play. d. Attend a lecture.

10. ( )
    a. Yes, you must take a bus to get there.
    b. Yes, you must take a taxi to get there.
    c. No, it's within walking distance.
    d. No, but you'd better not walk.

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II. Vocabulary (10%)
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Read each group of specific ideas. Then circle the letter of the general idea that
tells what the specific ideas have in common. Keep in mind that the correct general
idea will not be too narrow or too broad. (1 x 10 = 10)

1. Specific ideas: relay race, hurdle, shot-put
The general idea is
a. ball games b. gymnastics c. track and field events

2. Specific ideas: microwave oven, refrigerator, air conditioner
The general idea is
a. household electric appliances b. lamps c. stoves

3. Specific ideas: headscarf, shawl, neck chief
The general idea is
a. scarves b. gloves c. stockings

4. Specific ideas: powder, brush, eyebrow pencil
The general idea is
a. ornament b. cosmetics c. dress making

5. Specific ideas: wheat, rice, barley
The general idea is
a. fruits b. vegetables c. crops

6. Specific ideas: iron pot, pan, steamer
The general idea is
a. cooking utensil b. tableware c. tea set

7. Specific idea: briefcase, lock, leather trunk
The general idea is
a. vessels b. containers c. bags

8. Specific ideas: waterpipe, faucet, bathtub
The general idea is
a. toilet b. living room c. kitchen

9. Specific ideas: hammer, spade, drill
The general idea is
a. hardware b. tools c. building materials

10. Specific ideas: automobile, lorry, bicycle
The general idea is
a. vehicles b. vessels c. spacecrafts

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III. Reading Comprehension (1 x 30 = 30%)
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First read the following paragraph closely and answer the questions about it.

Passage 1
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How warm parents are with their children has a strong influence on the children's
personalities. Boys who are highly masculine, for example, tend to see their fathers as
very warm and regarding. The warmth of both parents tends to lead to more femininity in
girls. The influence of the fathers seems to be more important, since fathers generally
treat male and female children differently as compared to mothers who treat male and
female children in a more similar manner.

11. The passage is mainly about ______.
    A) male children and how they develop a sex role
    B) female children and how they develop a sex role
    C) babies and how they are affected by their parents
    D) parental warmth and its effects

12. Which of the following tend to treat male and female children more alike?
A) Fathers. B) Sisters. C) Mothers. D) Brothers.

Passage 2
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Taverner, John (1495-1545) British composer and organist, known for his church
music.

Tawney, Richard Henry (1880-1962) British historian. He is best known for his book
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism (1926). He was a keen socialist, and professor of
economic history at the University of London (1931-1949).

Taylor, Elizabeth (b. 1932) British-American actress. Her films include National
Velvet, Father of the Bride, A Place in the Sun, Giant and Cleopatra (1963).

Taylor, Zachary (1784-1850) 12th President of the USA (1849-50), a Whig. He was
born in Virginia. He led army campaigns against the Indians, and was commander of the
US army in the Mexican War.

Tecumseh (1768-1813) Shawnee Indian chief who tried to unite all American Indians
into a confederacy. He was killed while fighting as an ally of the British in the War
of 1812.

13. Which of the statements is True?
    A) Taverner is the author of Religion and the Rise of Capitalism.
    B) Tawney is the author of Religion and the Rise of Capitalism.
    C) Elizabeth Taylor is the author of Religion and the Rise of Capitalism.
    D) Tecumseh is the author of Religion and the Rise of Capitalism.

14. Who was once the commander of the US army?
A) Taverner. B) Elizabeth Taylor. C) Zachary Taylor. D) Tecumseh.

Passage 3
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Thailand's biggest mobile phone network crashed on Valentine's Day as thousands of
young lovers sent romantic messages to their sweethearts. Advanced Info Service (AIS)
said the company's GSM network was flooded with more than 100,000 text messages sent
within an hour via mobile phones on Valentine's Day. As AIS has a capacity for just
72,000 short messages per hour, the deluge of messages paralyzed the Short Message
Service (SMS) network, blocking all voice calls. "The volume of messages sent from
mobile phones this Valentine's Day was the highest ever—twice as big as the message
traffic sent on New Year's Eve," said Wichian Mektrakarn, vice president of AIS's
engineering operation. And he said many young Thais preferred to send Valentines by SMS
because they were too shy to voice their feelings.

15. Which of the statements is True?
    A) SMS stands for Short Message Service.
    B) SMS stands for Sound Modulation System.
    C) SMS stands for Advanced Information Service.
    D) SMS stands for Special Mobile System.

16. Why did many young Thais prefer to send Valentine by SMS?
    A) Because they were far from their lovers.
    B) Because they couldn't afford expensive roses.
    C) Because they were too shy to voice their feelings.
    D) Because it was a fashion among youngsters.

Passage 4
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Free access to information about what the government is doing is a primary feature
of an open society. In closed societies it may be hard to obtain any information about
government operations. In the U.S.S.R., for example, it is nearly impossible to obtain
accurate information about agriculture, industry, finance, or living standards. In
contrast, the United States information is readily available except in the areas of
national defense and foreign affairs, and even in these areas the level of information is
much higher than in the U.S.S.R. and other closed societies.

17. In the U.S.S.R. information about agriculture and finance is ______.
    A) printed in daily newspapers
    B) available in the government section of popular magazines
    C) available only by written request
    D) nearly impossible to obtain

18. Which statement is true?
    A) In the United States information is NOT readily available in the area of
       agriculture.
    B) In the United States information is NOT readily available in the area of finance.
    C) In the United States information is NOT readily available in the area of national
       defense.
    D) In the United States information is NOT readily available in the area of living
       standards.

Passage 5
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Product Information per Serving
Calcium            30% RDA
Riboflavin         15%
Niacin             20%
Vitamin A          25%
Vitamin D          15%
Vitamin C          5%
Protein            20%
Calories           85

WARNING: This product contains saccharin, a nonnutritive sweetener which has been
determined to cause cancer in rats in laboratory experiments.

19. This product is likely to taste ______.
A) bitter B) salty C) sweet D) sour

20. Which statement is true?
    A) Riboflavin is NOT contained in this product.
    B) Niacin is NOT contained in this product.
    C) Vitamin A is NOT contained in this product.
    D) Vitamin B is NOT contained in this product.

Passage 6
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Word processing is one of the most common uses for personal computers because it
is a tool that just about anybody can make good use of. Essentially, a word processor is
a program that turns a computer into a vastly more sophisticated cousin of the
typewriter. Programs come in all degrees of sophistication, but, even at its most basic,
word processing offers so many improvements over a typewriter that writing becomes
qualitatively different: You can revise a document as many times as you like on the
computer's screen with almost no effort—correcting misspelling, changing the order of
words or paragraphs, discarding regrettable phrasings—before a word ever appears on
paper. Any document, from a 100-page report to a business letter to a resume, can be
perfect on the first printing. And if it's not, you need type in only your corrections;
the computer will handle the drudgery of retyping the whole thing.

21. Compared with a typewriter, a word processor is ______.
A) simpler B) much easier C) more complicated D) more difficult

22. Basic word processing programs can help people manipulate ______.
A) words B) movie clippings C) product prints D) moving pictures

23. Which statement is true?
    A) The word processing programs can not change the order of words or paragraphs.
    B) The word processing programs can not coin new words.
    C) The word processing programs can not correct misspelling.
    D) The word processing programs can not discard regrettable phrasings.

Passage 7
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GETTING A GRANT

Who can get this money? Anyone who gets a place on a first degree course, although
a student who has already attended a course of advanced further education may not.
Students must also have been resident in the UK for at least three years, which can
exclude some students from overseas.

SPECIAL CASES

If a student has worked before college. A student who is 26 or more before the
course starts and who has worked for at least three of the previous six years will get
extra money—155 pounds a year if 26, increasing to a maximum of 615 pounds at 29 or
more. Banking. Most of the big banks offer special services to students who open
accounts. A student won't usually have to pay bank charges as long as the account stays
in credit.

24. The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide information on ______.
    A) how to open a bank account
    B) how to apply for a course
    C) who can go to universities
    D) who is eligible for a grant

25. Who can get the grant?
    A) A foreign student who has been there for 11 months.
    B) A British pupil in a secondary school.
    C) A British student who studies in the University.
    D) A university graduate who wants to continue his studies.

26. A 31-year-old nurse wishes to study medicine at a university. She has worked since
she was 25. How much extra money will she get a year?
A) 100 pounds B) 155 pounds C) 615 pounds D) 715 pounds

Passage 8
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The Main Library has five floors open to the public.

FOURTH FLOOR: Social Sciences & History.
300-399, 650-659, 900-999. Law books are shelved in a separate area—follow signs
for the Law Library.

THIRD FLOOR: Humanities
100-199, 200-299, 400-499, 700-709 & 800-899.

SECOND FLOOR: Science and Technology
500-599, 600-649 & 660-699.

FIRST FLOOR: Current (unbound) Periodicals.
An information point is inside the Periodicals Office.

    GROUND FLOOR: Reference
    General reference books and bibliographies.
    The Reference Librarians on each floor are available to answer queries during
office hours. At other times you can ask at the Issue Desk, on the Ground Floor.

    Books are shelved according to size.
    Normal size large size
    The shelves are colour coded to help you identify them:
    RED Large books
    WHITE Normal size books
    YELLOW Large periodicals
    BLUE Normal size periodicals

Books returned the previous day may be on the Recent Returns shelves, next to the
Reference Librarians' desks.

27. Which statement is true?
    A) If you want to look up a word in a dictionary, you would go to Ground floor.
    B) If you want to look up a word in a dictionary, you would go to First floor.
    C) If you want to look up a word in a dictionary, you would go to Third floor.
    D) If you want to look up a word in a dictionary, you would go to Fourth floor.

28. What is the color code of the shelves where normal size novels are placed?
A) Blue. B) Red. C) Yellow. D) White.

Passage 9
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Be warned: "Shin pads cannot protect any part of the body they do not cover." That
label on a pair of shin guards beat out nearly 100 competitors to win the Michigan
Lawsuit Abuse Watch's Wacky Warning Labels contest. M-LAW, a nonprofit group formed in
1997, seeks to call attention to the effects of product-liability lawsuits. "I picked
up the label and found it absolutely ridiculous," said Joe Schanderson, who won $500
for submitting the entry. Schanderson's find beat out a label affixed to a toilet inside
a public restroom: "Recycled flush water unsafe for drinking."

    Other runners-up included:
    A warning on an electric router: "This product not intended for use as a dental drill."
    A warning on a rock garden set: "Eating rocks may lead to broken teeth!"

29. The passage is chiefly about ______.
A) shin pads B) M-LAW
C) Wacky Warning Labels contest D) product liability lawsuit

30. Which statement is true?
    A) The general tone of the passage is descriptive.
    B) The general tone of the passage is instructive.
    C) The general tone of the passage is critical.
    D) The general tone of the passage is argumentative.

Find out the main idea of the following passages:

Passage 10
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Because goldfish can be kept easily in small ponds and aquariums, they make good
pets, but like any other pets, they must have proper care and the right place to live.

A two-inch fish requires a minimum of two gallons of water containing sufficient
oxygen to support life. Some oxygen will make its way into the water of an aquarium from
the air that touches the surface; plants in an aquarium also help to furnish oxygen.
Snails help to keep an aquarium clean. Thus, with plenty of plants and snails, the
water in an aquarium does not have to be changed frequently.

It is important that goldfish not be overfed. They can be fed such things as dried
insects and shrimp in addition to commercially-prepared goldfish food, but they should
never be fed more than once a day. Even then, they should not be given more food than
can be consumed in about five minutes.

31. The main idea of this Text is ______.
    A) how to raise goldfish
    B) where a goldfish of normal size can survive
    C) how to feed goldfish
    D) we should keep goldfish as pets

Passage 11
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Whether you are a smoker or a non-smoker, you should take measures to protect your
lungs. You can test your lung capacity by holding a lighted match about six inches from
your face and trying to blow it out with your mouth wide open. If you cannot blow out the
flame, arrange for a medical examination. Using a simple machine called a spirometer, a
doctor can measure the lungs' strength and capacity. In other words, he can test how
efficiently you breathe. When combined with a complete physical examination, the
spirometer test may detect early signs of respiratory problems.

32. Which sentence expresses the main idea?
    A) Necessity is the mother of invention.
    B) An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
    C) Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
    D) Join the unhooked generation.

Passage 12
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Once open only to the rich, who could afford the dues of expensive country clubs,
tennis is becoming more and more popular. Tennis courts are springing up everywhere.
There are indoor and outdoor courts, and even courts on the roofs of skyscrapers.
Sporting goods stores are doing a booming business in tennis equipment. Tennis clothing
has become an important item in the fashion world.

Early in its history tennis was the sport of kings and, if one or two of those kings
were still ruling now, perhaps no one would be playing the game today. The French king
Charles V loved to play tennis, but he was very fat and must have been a comical sight
on the tennis court. One day he overheard two women laughing at him as he played, and
he immediately banned the sport. In England, Henry IV outlawed tennis because the
church leaders of his time were outraged that women wore less clothing when they played.
For a time tennis playing was also outlawed in Holland.

33. According to the passage, Tennis was once outlawed in ______ countries.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Passage 13
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A WEALTHY businessman is giving 500,000 pounds to help gifted children go to private
school.

Multi-millionaire Mr. John James, 72, whose father was a miner, is sharing the cash
between five Bristol school—61 years after he won a scholarship to the city's Merchant
Venturers School.

The money will provide places for able children whose parents cannot afford the fees.
Ironically, Mr. James's son David—who received 1,000,000 pounds from his father in
1972—went bankrupt three weeks ago.

David, 35, blamed his failure on bad judgment, bad timing, combined with lack of
business acumen.

34. The best title for the passage would be ______.
    A) Business Man Gives Half a Million Pounds to Pay for Bright Children
    B) A Gifted Business Man
    C) An Unfortunate Son
    D) A Generous Help to Private Schools

35. What is NOT the reason for David's bankruptcy?
A) Bad judgment. B) Bad timing. C) A lack of business acumen. D) A shortage of money.

Read the following passage. Then circle the letter of the most logical answer to each
question, based on the information given in the passage.

Passage 14
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India's population is 844m and expanding by almost 18m a year. This is alarming,
except by African standards: India's growth rate of 2.2% a year is far exceeded by
Africa's 3.2%. India spends $ 400m a year on birth control, much of which is wasted.
Sterilization is done mostly by older people who have had families. Those who have the
operation get a $ 5 reward.

Small families are commonest in the cities. There health care is available and
people can generally find some cash. Moreover, city Indians do not feel they need lots
of children to look after them when they are old. Literacy seems to be a factor in
keeping the family to a manageable size. In India as a whole literacy is 52%. But in
the southern state of Kerala, where literacy exceeds 90%, the population growth is
only 1.2% a year.

36. We can infer from the article that India's birth control is a ______.
A) failure B) disaster C) fashion D) success

Passage 15
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Why save endangered species? For the general public, endangered species appear to
be little more than biological oddities. A very different perception is gained from
considering the issue of extinction in a wider context. The important point is that
many major social advances have been made on the basis of life forms whose worth would
never have been perceived in advance. Consider the impact of rubber-producing plants on
contemporary life and industry: approximately two-thirds of the world's rubber supply
come from rubber-producing plants and is made into objects as diverse as rubber washers
and rubber boots.

37. From the example and the reasoning, the writer seems to suggest that ______.
    A. it isn't necessary to save endangered species
    B. the public have no idea of the value of the endangered species
    C. it's the endangered species that lead to social advance
    D. rubber-producing plants are extinguishing from the earth

Passage 16
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In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted
meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy, a disease of the blood which causes
swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion,
in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The
men's lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat.

Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors'
diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand,
established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit
for the sailors.

Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result
in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called
"vitamins". Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to
identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with
deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the
vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase
significantly our susceptibility to colds and flu.

38. It can be inferred from the passage that scurvy was caused by a lack of ______.
A. vegetable leaves B. fresh fruit C. fresh vegetables D. Vitamin C

Passage 17
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Given the theatrical environment in which he was raised, it was inevitable that
Denzel Washington would one day become an actor. Not that he come from a show-business
family. Rather, Washington developed his dramatic tendencies in the spiritual
surroundings of his father's church and in the worldlier environment of his mother's
beauty salon. Through the devoted practice of their diverse vocations, Washington's
parents instilled in their son a strong work ethic, a love of God and family, and,
most importantly, the ability to tell a darn good story. Young Denzel, who incidentally
also inherited a movie idol's striking good looks, took these principles to heart,
building upon them both a personal and a professional life of which any parent would
be proud.

39. We can infer from the passage that ______.
    A. Washington doesn't come from a show-business family
    B. Washington's mother worked in a beauty salon
    C. Washington has the ability to tell a good story
    D. good looks are also a big help for Washington's career

Find out the statement that does not support the main idea:

Passage 18
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1 Less than a quarter of our agricultural land is used to feed people directly. 2 The
rest is devoted to grazing and growing food for animals. 3 Ecosystems of forest, wetland
and grassland have been decimated to fuel the demand for land. 4 It takes, for example,
8.4 kilos of grain to produce one kilo of pork, the US government estimates. 5 Using
so much land heightens topsoil loss, the use of harsh fertilizers and pesticides, and
the need for irrigation water from dammed rivers. 6 If people can shift away from meat,
much of this land could be converted back to wilderness.

40. The sentence that does not support the main idea: ______.

1 Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and
necessary. 2 They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. 3 I tell these lies at
times, and yet I always feel they are wrong. 4 Without these little white lies, they say,
our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. 5 It's arrogant, they say, to
insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary
embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. 6 I basically
agree. 7 What about you?

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IV. Translation (20%)
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Section A Translate the following passage into Chinese (10%)
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Managing Conflict

Conflict can arise from a variety of sources, but many experts see it as function of
such workplace variables as personality, personal and professional relationships,
cultural differences, working environments, demands of the marketplace, and of course,
competition. Workers today compete for schedules and projects, for money and training.
And, as organizations move increasingly to teams and teamwork to accomplish specific
objectives, differences among team members can lead to conflicts. Conflict that requires
the input of two or more people is a real possibility. As the scope of a project
increases, the likelihood of differences in opinion and approach increases as function
of the number of time spent by the staff in the resolution of the project. These
conflicts may arise because of people's natural resistance to change, scheduling
pressures, perceived difficulties in reporting procedures, or simply because things
aren't working well.

Section B Translate the following passage into English (10%)
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消失的森林

世界上的森林正在渐渐地消失。约一万年前自农业开始以来，已经有多达百分之三十的
树木覆盖率消失了。所剩森林是世界上一半物种的栖息地，同时也是他们赖以生存的主要资源。
热带雨林曾经覆盖着我们这颗星球上百分之十二的土地，不仅供养着世界上近一半的动植物
物种，同时也是千百万人口的家园。然而人类对森林的其他方面需求，例如，大量的木材砍伐以
及用于工业目的和农业发展的土地数量也在不断增加。到二十世纪九十年代，地球上原始雨林
的保有量已剩不足一半，而且每年仍以惊人的速度消失。全世界的森林正面临着渐渐消失的
境地。

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V. Writing (25%)
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Directions: Write a composition in about 250 words on the following topic: Academic
ethics. Your writing should be based on the following outline in Chinese.

Academic Ethics

Outline:
1. 目前学术界剽窃之风越来越盛。
2. 为什么会出现这种现象。
3. 如何杜绝这种现象。