河北农业大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

河北农业大学2011年招收博士研究生入学考试英语试题

科目代码：1001    考试科目：英语    （考生注意：答案要写在答题纸上，写在试卷纸上无效；共10页）
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points, 1 point each)
1. Eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A) contribute to    B) attribute to
C) attend to    D) devote to
2. Earthquakes rank ______ forest fires, flood and tornadoes ______ major calamities.
A) with, as    B) like, in
C) in, as    D) for, in
3. From her conversation I ______ that she had a large family.
A) estimated    B) suspected
C) predicted    D) deduced
4. The doctor enjoyed both his work and his life. He had never felt any ______ between these two things.
A) conflict    B) constrict
C) construct    D) constraint
5. All the doctor's efforts were ______ and the patient soon died.
A) in tears    B) in vain
C) in turn    D) in all
6. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ______ the last bus.
A) to have caught    B) to catch
C) catching    D) having caught
7. She spent a happy afternoon ______ her coins and stamps.
A) making out    B) sorting out
C) figuring out    D) turning out
8. All factories and mines are ______ by government officials.
A) examined    B) surveyed
C) inspected    D) investigated
9. Spies may have a number of ______ names and papers.
A) artificial    B) synthetic
C) false    D) pretended
10. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations ______ formal language is used.
A) in which    B) on which
C) in that    D) at what
11. ______ human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain.
A) Deliberate    B) Consistent
C) Abnormal    D) Primitive
12. These desks and seats can be ______ to the height to any child.
A) adapted    B) adopted
C) adjusted    D) attached
13. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ______ for living expenses.
A) acceptable    B) advisable
C) available    D) applicable
14. The accident ______ him of his sight and the use of his legs.
A) excluded    B) disabled
C) deprived    D) gripped
15. I ______ at the maturity of such a young child.
A) surprised    B) marveled
C) shocked    D) moved
Part II Reading Comprehension (25 points, 1 point each)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are required to decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.
At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.
At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o'clock stopped her getting a sinking feeling as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her, and tea-time was born.
16. Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?
A) The Britons got expensive tea from India.    B) Tea reached Britain from Holland.
C) The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.    D) It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.
17. This passage mainly discusses ______.
A) the history of tea drinking in Britain    B) how tea became a popular drink with milk
C) how a duchess got the habit of drinking tea in the afternoon    D) how tea-time was born
18. Tea became a popular drink in Britain ______.
A) in eighteenth century    B) in sixteenth century
C) in seventeenth century    D) in the late seventeenth century
19. People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because ______.
A) it tasted like milk    B) it tasted more pleasant
C) it became a popular drink    D) Madame de Sevigne was influential
20. We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of ______.
A) a famous French lady    B) the ancient Chinese
C) the upper social class    D) people in Holland
Passage 2
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.
If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important—and that has happened in some cases—we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.
It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of momism—but we don't want to exchange it for a neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.
There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.
21. From the passage we know that the author is very concerned with the role that ______.
A) parents play in bringing up their children    B) men play in a family
C) women play in a family    D) equality plays in a family
22. The author means to tell us that ______.
A) a man's place is in the home    B) a woman's place is in the home
C) a woman should be equal to a man    D) a man should have an equal share in family matters
23. According to the author, a healthy family should be based on ______.
A) cooperation    B) momism
C) authoritarianism    D) neo-popism
24. Who will benefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions?
A) The children.    B) The man.
C) The woman.    D) The psychologist.
25. We may safely conclude from the passage that ______.
A) male superiority maintains a healthy family    B) authority and democracy are very essential to a healthy family
C) authoritarianism does some good to a healthy family    D) women should never equal to men
Passage 3
A mysterious black cloud approaches the earth—our planet's weather is severely affected.
Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. People complained, but there was no serious disaster.
The death number in the U. S. remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred.
Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics as may be judged from the fact that 7,943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars he was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives.
Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity. It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.
By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Sun's radiation back into space. But conditions could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man and many other animals.
26. In the British Isles the temperature ______.
A) stayed at eighty    B) ranged from eighty to ninety
C) approached one hundred    D) exceeded the hundred mark
27. Few people in the United States lost their lives because ______.
A) the temperature was tolerable    B) people remained indoors for weeks
C) the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperature    D) people were provided with the most comfortable air-conditioners
28. Millions of people in Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere because ______.
A) the temperature grew extremely hot    B) the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increased
C) their conditions were too dangerous    D) nothing could be done with the hot temperature
29. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that ______.
A) human survival would be impossible    B) more and more people would lose their lives
C) fewer people could be saved    D) survival or death was still undecided
30. The insect population increased due to ______.
A) the hot air    B) the tropical climate
C) the rain clouds    D) the damp atmosphere
Passage 4
A moment's drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the needle—a shot of novocaine—that deadens the nerves around the tooth.
Now it's true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves—and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves—we wouldn't know what's happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.
But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.
The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, this will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.
31. The passage is mainly about ______.
A) how to suffer pain    B) how to avoid pain
C) how to handle pain    D) how to stop pain
32. The sentence "But we pay for our sensitivity" in the second paragraph implies that ______.
A) we should pay a debt for our feeling    B) we have to be hurt when we feel something
C) our pain is worth feeling    D) when we feel pain, we are suffering it
33. When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that ______.
A) Indians are not at all afraid of pain    B) people may be senseless of pain
C) some people are able to handle pain    D) fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms
34. The most important thing to handle pain is ______.
A) how we look at pain    B) to feel pain as much as possible
C) to show an interest in pain    D) to accept the pain reluctantly
35. The author's attitude towards pain is ______.
A) pessimistic    B) optimistic
C) radical    D) sarcastic
Passage 5
The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today's relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.
First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.
Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.
36. The author's main purpose to write this article is ______.
A) to define what the poverty line is    B) to explain why young people live below the poverty line
C) to find solutions to the problem of poverty    D) to show sympathy for those poor people
37. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.    B) Poor people are those who live below the poverty line.
C) The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.    D) The poverty line tends to be at the same level.
38. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because ______.
A) they do not have enough motivation    B) they are so young that they are deprived of chances to work
C) they fail to get enough education    D) they are very poor in health
39. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because ______.
A) they do not have any motivation to work    B) they are not very self-confident
C) they are too young or too old to work    D) they have physical and family problems
40. We may conclude from the passage that ______.
A) better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found    B) welfare will enable people to be rich
C) poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do business    D) employment is the best solution to the poverty problem
Part III Cloze (10 points, 1 point each)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ones that best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food __41__ it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an attractively served meal will often improve a child's appetite. Never ask a child __42__ he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow __43__ else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables, in the child's hearing he is __44__ to copy this procedure. Take it __45__ granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a supposed dislike. At meal times it is a good __46__ to give a child a small portion and let him come back for a second helping rather than give him as __47__ as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child __48__ meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not __49__ him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food so he can hurry back to his toys. Under __50__ circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.
41.
A) if    B) until
C) that    D) unless
42.
A) whether    B) what
C) that    D) which
43.
A) everybody    B) anybody
C) somebody    D) nobody
44.
A) willing    B) possible
C) obliged    D) likely
45.
A) with    B) as
C) over    D) for
46.
A) point    B) custom
C) idea    D) plan
47.
A) much    B) little
C) few    D) many
48.
A) on    B) over
C) by    D) during
49.
A) agree    B) allow
C) force    D) persuade
50.
A) some    B) any
C) such    D) no
Part IV Translation from English into Chinese (20 points, 4 points each)
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined parts into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on your ANSWER SHEET.
Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 51) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 52) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 53) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional pre-scientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 54) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they're essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning values. Who will use a technology and to what ends? 55) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
Part V Translation from Chinese into English (15 points)
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written neatly on your ANSWER SHEET.
要想在这个高速发展的社会立足，你必须学会如何处理压力问题。首先，你要重新定位你的生活需求，你真的需要那些如时装或者新车的奢侈品吗？如果你学会了对现有的生活满足，你也许就不会想要再找份工作或者不会在办公室度过周末。其次，定期锻炼身体有益于减压。不管你多忙，都要找时间锻炼，最好是和家人和孩子一起。第三，你应该学会放松。如果你停下去闻闻路边的玫瑰花香，世界不会因此而停止转动。
Part VI Writing (15 points)
Directions: Please write a passage according to the requirements below. You should write it with the words of 150—200. You should at least list two reasons. Your writing must be written neatly on your ANSWER SHEET.
The Title: Should people in China have a longer Spring Festival holiday of 15 days?

河北农业大学2011年考博英语参考答案
Part I Vocabulary and Structure
1-5    AADAB
6-10   BBCCA
11-15 CCCCB
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage A (16-20)   BACDA
Passage B (21-25)   BDAAB
Passage C (26-30)   CDBDA
Passage D (31-35)   CDCAB
Passage E (36-40)   CDBCA
Part III Cloze
41-45   DABDD
46-50   CADBD
Part IV Translation from English into Chinese
【参考译文】
51. 难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
52. 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
53. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
54. 自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
55. （如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
Part V Translation from Chinese into English
【参考译文】
You have to learn how to deal with stress for possessing a foothold in a society with rapid development. Firstly, you should readjust demand for life. Do you really need luxury goods such as fashionable dress and new car? If you learn to be satisfied with current life, maybe you do not want to get another job or spend your weekends in the office. Next, regular exercise is beneficial to relaxing the pressure. No matter how busy you are, you should take time to exercise, preferably with your family and children. Thirdly, you should learn to relax. If you stop your step to enjoy the smell of roses by the side of the road, the world won't stop turning.
Part VI Writing
（略）