华侨大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

华侨大学2012年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%)
Directions: In this part there are two sections. In Section One, you are to choose from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that can best complete the sentence.
Section One
1. Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.
A. excessive
B. identical
C. illustrated
D. legible
2. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.
A. obscured by
B. independent of
C. within
D. near
3. How can the chemical reaction involved in such a quiet process as the drying of paint produce brilliant flames and explosions?
A. precipitate
B. wordless
C. imaginary
D. spectacular
4. The United States is trying to deal with the serious problems brought on by the energy crisis.
A. cooperate
B. dispense
C. cope
D. interact
5. From time to time, extinct mammoths have been found buried in the ice.
A. embedded
B. imprisoned
C. conserved
D. crushed
6. The geyser, one of the most unusual phenomena in nature, is beautiful to behold.
A. sketch
B. withhold
C. relate
D. view
7. Cough syrups and cold remedies that are manufactured with alcohol will last much longer than those prepared with water.
A. remain effective
B. float
C. finish
D. be prescribed
8. Some people find the conditions of living in big cities unnatural.
A. dangerous
B. unnatural
C. irritating
D. unbearable
9. A ford is a place where it is possible to cross a creek or river.
A. trench
B. stream
C. gorge
D. ravine
10. The habitat of an animal should be large enough to yield a copious supply of food.
A. an indefinite
B. a solid
C. a plentiful
D. an elaborate
11. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in discord and a lack of unity in style.
A. disharmony
B. compromise
C. disillusion
D. anxiety
12. Linen could not be manufactured by machine until recently because the inelasticity of the fibers caused them to break readily under tension.
A. unexpectedly
B. unevenly
C. easily
D. ultimately
13. The most important environmental influence on fish is water temperature, for fish tend to take on the temperature of their surroundings.
A. exceed
B. regulate
C. avoid
D. assume
14. Such essentially different stimuli as cold, drugs, and grief can provoke identical chemical reactions in the body.
A. illness
B. sorrow
C. weather
D. travel
15. The distant mountains are already fading in the evening light.
A. disappearing
B. dwindling
C. lingering
D. darkening
16. The rapid expansion of cities during the Industrial Revolution created a housing crisis.
A. brought about
B. avoided
C. aggravated
D. started with
17. The speaker was asked to condense his presentation in order to allow his audience to ask questions.
A. expand
B. abbreviate
C. continue
D. delay
18. When I finally understood the offer completely, I had no choice but to demur.
A. ask for a delay
B. offer to invest funds
C. raise objections
D. express admiration
19. The fragrance of cedar wood seems to render it offensive to insects.
A. texture
B. bark
C. hardness
D. scent
20. Although many people use the word "milk" to refer to cow’s milk, it applies to milk from any mammal, including human milk and goat’s milk.
A. applies also
B. applying it also
C. but it also applies
D. it also applies
Section Two
21. Animals obtain their energy from ______.
A. eat their food
B. the food they eat
C. their food to eat
D. they eat the food
22. The pear tree has simple, oval leaves that are smoother and shinier ______.
A. than those of the apple tree
B. than the apple tree
C. as the apple leaves
D. like the leaves of apple tree
23. Natural selection ______ the process that directs the course of evolution by preserving those traits best adapted for an organism’s survival.
A. to be defined
B. being defined
C. is defined as
D. that defined as
24. The growing appetite of U.S. companies for data-processing machines ______ a major portion of last year’s $41 billion computer business.
A. made up of
B. accounted for
C. consists in
D. includes in
25. People realize that, although animals may not have the same ______ as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things.
A. mentality
B. knowledge
C. mind
D. intelligence
26. Many foreigners mistakenly believe that Manhattan is New York, ______ Manhattan is just one of New York’s five boroughs.
A. nevertheless
B. while
C. whereas
D. after all
27. New Zealand is far from the lands that ______ its meat and butter.
A. can consume
B. consuming
C. consumes
D. might consume
28. In the case of man, the difficulties ______ the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture.
A. as
B. in
C. for
D. with
29. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards ______ performance at work and school.
A. makes better
B. may increase
C. would step up
D. can improve
30. Because toys can be regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use.
A. generally
B. entirely
C. wholly
D. commonly
31. When someone suggests building a new airport, there are usually ______ from many people living in the surroundings of the proposed site.
A. objection
B. protests
C. protestants
D. objectives
32. The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually ______ their chances of ever attaining real happiness.
A. reduces
B. reducing
C. to reduce
D. reduced
33. I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors.
A. to against
B. struggling
C. to rival
D. to offset
34. ______ to corrosion, bronze is traditionally used in bell casting and is the material used most widely for metal sculpture.
A. Hardly and resistance
B. Hardly and resistant
C. Hard and resistance
D. Hard and resistant
35. In the past, making building structures quake-resistant meant firm yet ______ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking.
A. bending
B. bent
C. would bend
D. that bent
36. Camel’s peculiar swaying motion — not very pleasant for anyone riding them — is due to the fact that the two legs of one side move simultaneously, instead of alternately ______.
A. like other animals
B. like that of most animals
C. as with most animals
D. while other animals do
37. Japan is probably the country where the houses ______ their characteristic structure and appearance with fewest changes.
A. are kept
B. have retained
C. that altered
D. modified
38. Many small birds use new sites for each nesting, ______ large birds often reuse the same nest.
A. whereas
B. yet
C. in case
D. within
39. With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, ______ them more fragile.
A. make
B. thereby making
C. and to make
D. which it makes
40. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ______ his arguments in favor of the new theory.
A. on which to base
B. which to base on
C. to base on
D. to be based on
Part Two Translation (40%)
Section I From English into Chinese (20%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.
The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until afterward. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l". I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. (2) When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother, I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. (3) But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a name.
I left the well-house eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought. As we returned to the house every object which I touched seemed to quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. Then my eyes filled with tears, (4) for I realized what I had done, and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.
I learned a great many new words that day. I do not remember what they all were, but I do know that mother, father, sister, teacher were among them — words that were to make the world blossom for me, "like Aaron’s rod, with flowers". (5) It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of the eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.
—— From Helen Keller, The Story of My Life
Section II From Chinese into English (20%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into English.
辩证症
一位医生向我介绍，他们在门诊中接触了一位雄辩症病人。医生说：“请坐。”
(6) 病人说：“为什么要坐呢？难道你要剥夺我的不坐权吗？”
医生无可奈何，倒了一杯水，说：“请喝水吧。”
病人说：“这样谈问题是片面的，因而是荒谬的。并不是所有的水都能喝。例如你如果在水里掺上氰化钾，就绝对不能喝。”
医生说：“我这里并没有放毒药嘛。你放心！”
(7) 病人说：“谁说你放了毒药呢？难道我诬告你放了毒药？难道检察院起诉书上说你放了毒药？我没说你放毒药，而你说我说你放了毒药，你这才是放了比毒药还毒的毒药！”
医生毫无办法，便叹了一口气，换一个话题说：“今天天气不错。”
(8) 病人说：“纯粹胡说八道！你这里天气不错，并不等于全世界在今天都是好天气。例如北极，今天天气就很坏，刮着大风，漫漫长夜，冰山正在撞击……”
医生忍不住反驳说：“我们这里并不是北极嘛。”
病人说：“但你不应该否认北极的存在。你否认北极的存在，就是歪曲事实真相，就是别有用心。”
医生说：“你走吧。”
(9) 病人说：“你无权命令我走。你是医院，不是公安机关，你不可能逮捕我，你不可能枪毙我。”
(10) ……经过多方调查，才知道病人当年参加过“梁效”的写作班子，估计可能是一种后遗症。
Part Three Writing (20%)
Directions:
A. Title: MY OPINION ON THE PROBLEM OF JOB-HOPPING
B. Time limit: 50 minutes
C. Word limit: 250 — 300 words
D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below.
E. Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE:
1. Benefits of sticking to the same job all the time
2. Benefits of hopping from job to job
3. My comments