江西财经大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

江西财经大学2019年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

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Part I Vocabulary and Structure (5%)
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1. This kind of songbird sleeps much less during its annual ______, but that doesn’t seem to affect its flying.
A. emigration
B. migration
C. conveyance
D. transference
2. Online schools, which ______ the needs of different people, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative.
A. resort to
B. stir up
C. switch on
D. cater to
3. From science to Shakespeare, excellent television and video programs are available ______ to teachers.
A. in store
B. in operation
C. in abundance
D. in stock
4. AIDS is a global problem that demands a unified, worldwide solution, which is not only the responsibility of nations in which AIDS is most ______.
A. vigorous
B. prevalent
C. relevant
D. rigorous
5. When the Italian poet Dante was ______ from his home in Florence, he decided to walk from city to city to search for the real meaning of life.
A. expired
B. exiled
C. exempted
D. exerted
6. The new president failed to ______ his own laws and regulations, which disappointed the voters.
A. enforce
B. compose
C. sanction
D. enforce
7. We intended to move into the new building at the end of month, but the delays in construction made us ______.
A. work on
B. work off
C. work out
D. work over
8. It seemed that the final comments were made ______, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
A. intentional
B. spontaneous
C. precise
D. serious
9. They have made a ______ plan to build a suspension bridge over the river.
A. band
B. bound
C. bond
D. bold
10. ______ fabrics usually don’t wrinkle as much as cotton.
A. Symbolic
B. Sympathetic
C. Synthetic
D. Systematic
Part II Cloze (10%)
Directions: Reading the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D.
A four-year college degree, seen for generations as a ticket to a better life, is __11__ enough to guarantee a steadily rising paycheck.
Just ask Bea Dewing. After she earned a bachelor’s degree—his second—in Computer science from Maryland’s Frostburg State University in 1986, she enjoyed almost unbroken advance in __12__, eventually earning $89,000 a year as a data modeler for Sprint Corp. in Lawrence, Ken. Then, in 2002, Sprint laid her off.
“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months at most,” says Ms. Dewing, now 56 years old. __13__, she spent the next six years in a career wilderness, starting job and low-end positions in __14__ hundreds of job postings. The low point came when she landed a job __17__ her old one in the information technology, paying __18__ less than she did in 2002, adjusted for __19__.
The situation is not __20__ uncommon in today’s job market.
11.
A. no
B. not
C. far
D. nearly
12.
A. income
B. work
C. life
D. salary
13.
A. Fortunately
B. Instead
C. Therefore
D. Furthermore
14.
A. temporary
B. various
C. similar
D. technical
15.
A. responded to
B. responding for
C. responding to
D. respond through
16.
A. got
B. gave up
C. lost
D. secured
17.
A. related to
B. similar to
C. compared with
D. in contrast with
18.
A. earns
B. contributes
C. offers
D. pays
19.
A. quality
B. requirement
C. promise
D. possibility
20.
A. just
B. though
C. yet
D. even
Part III Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: Read the following 4 passages. Answer the questions below each passage.
Passage One
Kidnapping is the cruelest crime of the 20th century. There is not the political passion behind most hijacking; the motive is greed for money. The victims, provided their families are rich enough, are chosen at random. With the constant exposure by the media of personal fame and fortune, most people are vulnerable than ever.
The most notorious kidnapping began on the evening of March 1, 1932, when someone placed a home-made ladder against the New Jersey home of Colonel Charles Lindbergh and stole his blond, blue-eyed baby son. A ransom note was left from the kidnapper. Lindbergh, the first pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic, was the most popular man in America. When the boy was found a few miles away with his head crushed in, the whole nation was shocked. Congress passed the “Lindbergh Kidnap Law”, with the death penalty for transporting a kidnap victim across a state line. The kidnapper, Bruno Hauptmann, was arrested two and a half years later, when he exchanged some ransom money.
The inflation of the ransom money has been remarkable. In 1932, the kidnapper demanded $50,000; in 1973, the kidnappers of John Paul Getty III demanded $29 million. But in the case of Muriel McKay, the kidnappers made a tragic mistake: they had developed their plan based on a newspaper mistake, but still demanded their ransom. They had kidnapped Mrs. McKay by mistake, but still demanded one million pounds.
The end result of kidnapping is never clean. Young Paul Getty jokes: “It was a high price indeed.” But the scars must be internal, too. The saddest comment came from Douglas McKay after the trial of the Hoseins: “They have got a life sentence. I, too, have a life sentence wondering just what has happened to my dear wife.”
21. Why are most people vulnerable than ever according to the writer?
A. There are more greedy people in the world than ever before.
B. There are more rich people in the world than ever before.
C. It is difficult nowadays to be rich in secret.
D. Political hijackings have become more and more common.
22. What do we learn about the Lindbergh case?
A. Lindbergh was the first pilot to fly solo across the Pacific.
B. Lindbergh placed a home-made ladder against his house.
C. The kidnapper was arrested and executed 4 years later.
D. The kidnapper killed Lindbergh’s son cold-bloodedly.
23. What does the writer mean by saying “Kidnapping is an example of inflation”?
A. There are more and more kidnapping cases.
B. Kidnappers make more and more mistakes.
C. Kidnappers demand more and more ransom.
D. Kidnappers do not get as much as they require.
24. What do we learn about the Hosein brothers who kidnapped Muriel McKay?
A. They demanded one million pounds, but still killed the victim.
B. They kidnapped the wrong person by mistake.
C. They were Australians.
D. They were caught soon after the kidnapping.
25. What is the author’s attitude towards kidnapping victims and their relatives?
A. Sympathetic.
B. Indifferent.
C. Critical.
D. Objective.
Passage Two
There was a time when people were in the middle of an economic boom, but no one talked about the “permanent boom” or the “new economy”. Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of “not leaving a single person behind”. It is possible that similar “compassionate” rhetoric might yet play a role in the general election.
But it is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previous eras, when the country felt flush. Even last summer, when Clinton spent several days on a remarkable tour through impoverished areas from Indian reservations in South Dakota to ghetto neighborhoods in East St. Louis, the administration decided to refer to the effort not as a poverty tour but as a “new market initiative”.
What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven reaction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The most attractive solution to it—a growing economy—is being applied. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often have medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solution. “The economy has sucked in anyone who has any preparation, any ability to cope with modern life,” says Franklin D. Raines, the former director of the Office of Management and Budget who is now head of Fannie Mae. When he and other people who specialize in the issue talk about solutions, they talk about education, development of work skills, shifts in the labor market, and adjustments in welfare reform.
But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people. It is the unusual social and imaginative separation between prosperous America and those still left out. It’s simple invisibility, because of increasing geographic, occupational, and social barriers that block one group from the other’s view.
26. What does the word “straitened” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Wealthy.
B. Difficult.
C. Straightforward.
D. Rich.
27. What is one reason why we do not talk much about poverty according to the author?
A. No one knows what to do about it.
B. Poverty really is lower than it used to be.
C. No one has been left out of the booming economy.
D. The economy has made everyone rich.
28. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show that the economy is doing well.
B. We should pay more attention to poverty.
C. The good economy will soon end.
D. All people benefit from good economic conditions.
29. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To entertain.
B. To persuade.
C. To tell a story.
D. To describe.
30. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. We were more aware of the poor in the past than we are today.
B. The poor are benefiting from today’s good economy.
C. The country is enjoying economic growth.
D. There were many more poor people than there are today.
Passage Three
Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smart phones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and case studies.
But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during interactions with patients. A 2006 study called the problem “distracted doctoring.” The phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as “distracted doctoring.” In response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in certain clinical settings.
The warning, though, is that doctors, especially younger ones, face increasing pressure to interact with their devices. The pressure stems from a mantra of modern medicine that patient care must be “data driven,” and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By many accounts, the technology has helped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details.
Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology “offers great potential in health care,” but he added that doctors’ first priority should be with the patient.
31. Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers, smartphones and other devices?
A. To reduce medical error.
B. To cure patients.
C. To facilitate administration.
D. To modernize medical practice.
32. What does the author refer to by “distracted doctoring”?
A. The side effect of modern devices on doctors, nurses, as well as patients.
B. The ability of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.
C. The failure of medical institutions encouraging the use of modern devices.
D. The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.
33. What does Dr. Carmel’s warning mean?
A. Doctors should be trained to use modern technology.
B. Doctors should not rely on modern electronic technology.
C. Overuse of modern technology may endanger patients’ lives.
D. The pressure to use modern devices is overwhelming.
34. What is the mantra of modern medicine according to the passage?
A. Patient care must be data driven.
B. Technology offers great potential.
C. Doctors should be patient-centered.
D. Medical data should be instantly accessible.
35. What is the author’s attitude towards the use of modern devices in hospitals?
A. Approving.
B. Doubtful.
C. Objective.
D. Indifferent.
Passage Four
Early decision—you apply to one school, and admission is binding—seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, you’re done with the whole agonizing process by December.
But what most students and parents don’t realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision. Early decision, since it’s binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate, which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity.
The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni and arguably make a more informed decision.
There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they don’t get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them.
36. What are students advised to do under regular admissions?
A. Attend the school once they are admitted.
B. Look into a lot of schools before they apply.
C. Think twice before they accept the offer.
D. Consult the current students and alumni.
37. Why do schools offer early decision?
A. To provide more opportunities for applicants.
B. To avoid competition with other colleges.
C. To make sure they get qualified students.
D. To save students the agony of choosing a school.
38. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?
A. It makes their application process more complicated.
B. It places too high a demand on their research ability.
C. It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.
D. It doesn’t leave them enough time to make informed decisions.
39. Why are some people opposed to early decision?
A. It interferes with students’ learning in high school.
B. It is biased against students from low-income families.
C. It causes misunderstanding among college applicants.
D. It weakens the competition between colleges.
40. What does the author advise college applicants to do?
A. Avoid applying early to schools.
B. Compare more schools before making a final decision.
C. Find the school that best fits them.
D. Consult the school before applying.
Part IV Translation
Section A From English into Chinese
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. You should write your translation on the Answer Sheet.
Labor is simply one of the essential elements of industry; it is obviously not a commodity produced for sale. The commodity description of labor, land and money is entirely fictitious. The same is true of life. Life goes with life, and work goes with work. The market economy has changed our society a great deal, but we still need to hold fast to those fundamental values that make us human.
Section B From Chinese into English
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. You should write your translation on the Answer Sheet.
我认为，人生的首要任务便是设法自立，如此，就能免除他人负担其生活。另外，学会一门技艺，即便你对自己所从事的工作毫无兴趣，却仍能投身于你不喜欢的工作，这种习惯是无价的。养成阅读的习惯，便能避免浪费许多时间。
Part V Writing
Directions: Write an essay on the topic “The Importance of Reading”. You should write at least 200 words.
（注：本试卷OCR识别质量有限，部分题目因扫描件不清晰未能完整识别。）