江西财经大学 2020 年考博英语真题（C 卷）答案详解（样本展示）

Part I Vocabulary and Structure（选取 3 题）

第 2 题

• 题目：Now scientists cannot realize_soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and inalterable as many textbook seem to imply.
  A. so
  B. very
  C. too
  D. as
• 答案：C
• 详解：
  • 固定句型考点：本题考查 “cannot...too...” 固定结构，意为 “再…… 也不为过；越…… 越好”，符合句意 “现在科学家们越早意识到现有科学知识并不像许多教科书所暗示的那样完整、确定和不可改变越好”。
  • 选项排除：A 项 so 与 that 搭配表 “如此…… 以至于”，此处无此逻辑；B 项 very 修饰形容词 / 副词原级，不能用于 “cannot...very soon” 结构；D 项 as 用于 “as...as...” 比较结构，或引导从句，此处不符合语法搭配。
  • 用法拓展：类似结构还有 “can never...too...”，如 We can never be too careful in driving.（开车时再小心也不为过）。

第 4 题

• 题目：Some people hold that, since we live in a money oriented society, the average individual cares litle about solving_problems.
  A. anyone elses'
  B. anyone's else
  C. anyone else's
  D. any one else's
• 答案：C
• 详解：
  • 所有格形式规则：else 修饰不定代词（如 anyone、someone）时，需置于不定代词之后，其所有格形式为 “不定代词 + else+'s”。
  • 选项分析：A 项 elses' 形式错误，else 的所有格直接加's，无需变 y 为 i；B 项 anyone's else 语序错误，else 应在 anyone 之后；C 项 anyone else's 符合 “不定代词 + else+'s” 的所有格规则；D 项 any one 为 “any + 单数名词”，侧重 “任何一个（具体的人或物）”，而 anyone 为不定代词 “任何人”，此处强调 “其他人的问题”，用 anyone 更合适，故排除 D。
  • 例句参考：Anyone else's opinion should be taken into consideration.（其他人的意见也应被考虑在内）。

第 8 题

• 题目：No modern industrial enterprises can_for a moment without rules and set procedures.
  A. make
  B. do
  C. try
  D. perform
• 答案：B
• 详解：
  • 固定搭配：本题考查 “do without” 固定短语，意为 “没有…… 也行；无需……”，符合句意 “没有规章制度和既定程序，任何现代工业企业都一刻也无法运转”。
  • 选项排除：A 项 make 需与介词 with/without 构成 “make with”（提供）或 “make without”（在没有…… 的情况下做到），但 “make without” 后多接具体事物，且语气较生硬，不如 do without 常用；C 项 try 与 without 搭配无 “无需…… 也行” 的含义；D 项 perform 为及物动词，后需接宾语，不能直接与 without 连用。
  • 语境拓展：do without 在否定句中强调 “不可或缺”，如 We can't do without water.（我们离不开水）。

Part II Reading Comprehension（选取 1 题）

Passage One 第 11 题

• 题目：Why is it essential for students to understand the driving forces that can force organizations to change?
  A. Because the MIT Sloan School of Management emphasized its importance.
  B. Because the world economy is changing.
  C. Because students need to be effective change agents in their future careers.
  D. Because technological competition now is strong.
• 答案：C
• 详解：
  • 原文定位：根据题干关键词 “essential”“understand the driving forces”，定位到原文第一段 “The MIT Sloan School of Management strongly believes that its purpose is to give students the tools they will need to be effective change agents in the rest of their careers. To do this it is necessary to start off with an understanding of the essential driving forces...”。
  • 逻辑分析：“To do this” 中的 “this” 指代前文 “give students the tools they will need to be effective change agents”，即 “让学生成为未来职业中的有效变革推动者”，因此 “理解组织变革的驱动因素” 是实现这一目标的必要前提，C 项与原文逻辑一致。
  • 选项排除：A 项 “MIT 强调其重要性” 是表面现象，而非本质原因；B 项 “世界经济变化” 是驱动因素之一，并非 “理解驱动因素” 的原因；D 项 “技术竞争激烈” 也是驱动因素之一，不符合题干问的 “原因”。

Part III Cloze（选取 1 题）

第 31 题

• 题目：Public officials and candidates for public offices routinely use public opinion polls to keep _31_of what the people are thinking.
  A. trace
  B. trade
  C. track
  D. trap
• 答案：C
• 详解：
  • 固定搭配：本题考查 “keep track of” 固定短语，意为 “了解…… 的动态；跟踪……”，符合句意 “公职人员和公职候选人经常通过民意调查来了解民众的想法”。
  • 选项排除：A 项 trace 意为 “痕迹；追踪”，常用搭配为 “follow the trace of”（追踪…… 的痕迹），不与 keep 搭配；B 项 trade 意为 “贸易；交易”，与句意无关；D 项 trap 意为 “陷阱；诱捕”，不符合语境。
  • 拓展记忆：类似短语还有 “lose track of”（失去…… 的线索；忘记）。

Part IV Translation（选取 1 题）

第 41 题（英译汉）

• 题目：How can history make men wise? History often repeats itself as farce -precisely what may soon play out in Washington. As World War II was drawing to a close. Experts from the world's leading countries gathered at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to create a global economic order. They established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and called for a new body to supervise global commerce that eventually become known as the International Trade Organization. When it became time for the United States Congress to approve the ITO, President Harry Truman, preoccupied with a plan for the United States health-care reform, failed to lobby vigorously for the ITO. Protectionists torpedoed the proposal, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT, the loose trade organization that has governed world commerce since then, was cobled together as an interim replacement. Now it is for the Clinton Administration to approve the WTO. Should history repeat itself, that could all come to naught. The supreme purpose of history is a better world.
• 译文：
  历史何以使人明智？历史往往会以闹剧的形式重演 —— 而这一幕或许即将在华盛顿上演。第二次世界大战接近尾声时，世界主要国家的专家齐聚新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林，旨在建立一个全球经济秩序。他们成立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织，并呼吁成立一个新的机构来监管全球贸易，该机构最终被称为国际贸易组织（ITO）。当美国国会需要批准 ITO 时，哈里・杜鲁门总统正专注于美国医疗改革计划，未能积极为 ITO 进行游说。贸易保护主义者否决了这一提议，而关税及贸易总协定（GATT）—— 一个自那以后一直主导全球贸易的松散贸易组织 —— 则作为临时替代方案被仓促拼凑而成。如今，轮到克林顿政府批准世界贸易组织（WTO）了。若历史重演，这一切都可能化为泡影。历史的最高使命是创造一个更美好的世界。
• 详解：
• 专有名词处理：“Bretton Woods” 译为 “布雷顿森林”（固定地名译法）；“World Bank” 译为 “世界银行”，“International Monetary Fund” 译为 “国际货币基金组织”（官方标准译法）；“General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)” 译为 “关税及贸易总协定（GATT）”，保留缩写便于识别。
• 句式调整：英文长句 “Experts from... to create...” 译为中文短句 “世界主要国家的专家齐聚…… 旨在建立……”，符合中文表达习惯；“the loose trade organization that has governed world commerce since then” 译为定语前置的短句 “一个自那以后一直主导全球贸易的松散贸易组织”，避免语序混乱。
• 词义精准：“torpedoed” 原意为 “用鱼雷攻击”，此处引申为 “否决”，贴合政治语境；“cobled together” 译为 “仓促拼凑而成”，体现 GATT 作为临时方案的临时性和不完善性；“come to naught” 译为 “化为泡影”，符合中文成语表达习惯，增强文采。

Part V Writing

• 题目：Write an essay of at least 150 words entitled "Advantages and Disadvantages of College Students' Making Money". In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details, and in the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.
• 范文：

  Advantages and Disadvantages of College Students' Making Money

  In recent years, an increasing number of college students choose to make money in their spare time. This phenomenon has both positive and negative impacts on their growth, and a rational view is needed to balance the benefits and risks.
  On the one hand, making money brings obvious advantages to college students. Firstly, it helps them alleviate the financial burden on their families. By earning their own living expenses, students can reduce the economic pressure on their parents, especially those from low-income families. Secondly, part-time jobs provide valuable practical experience. For example, a student working as a part-time assistant in a company can learn professional skills, improve communication abilities, and gain insights into workplace operations, which will lay a solid foundation for future career development. Thirdly, making money enables students to have a deeper understanding of society. They can encounter people from all walks of life, recognize the hardships of making a living, and cultivate a sense of independence and responsibility.
  On the other hand, there are inevitable disadvantages if students fail to handle the relationship between part-time work and study. Some students are so focused on making money that they neglect their academic studies, skipping classes or rushing through homework, which ultimately leads to poor academic performance. Moreover, some part-time jobs may expose students to potential risks. For instance, unregulated part-time jobs may involve fraud or exploitation, causing students to suffer financial losses or even physical and mental harm. Additionally, excessive part-time work may occupy students' rest and social time, affecting their physical health and interpersonal relationships.
  In conclusion, college students' making money is a double-edged sword. The key lies in proper time management and rational choice of part-time jobs. Students should prioritize their studies and choose legitimate, meaningful part-time work that aligns with their professional development. By doing so, they can maximize the benefits of making money while avoiding its negative impacts, achieving all-round growth during their college years.
• 详解：
  • 结构契合要求：首段提出核心论点 —— 大学生兼职赚钱有正反两方面影响，需理性看待；第二段从 “减轻家庭负担、积累实践经验、了解社会” 三个角度分析优势，结合具体例子增强说服力；第三段从 “影响学业、存在风险、占用时间” 三个层面指出劣势，逻辑清晰；尾段总结观点，提出 “优先学业、合理选择兼职” 的建议，自然收尾。
  • 内容充实：论点明确，论据具体，如 “兼职助理积累职场经验”“不规范兼职存在欺诈风险” 等，避免空洞论述；语言表达准确流畅，句式多样，如定语从句、举例论证、对比结构等，符合考博英语写作要求。
  • 主题贴合：紧扣 “大学生兼职的利弊”，既不片面肯定也不全盘否定，体现辩证思维，符合题目要求。