南京理工大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

南京理工大学 2004年春季博士研究生入学考试试题

科目名称：英语    适用专业：各学科、专业
（注：本试卷含听力部分，但录音未随试卷提供；下列为试卷可见的题目与选项。）
Part I Listening Comprehension (15 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. A. Tendering the house while the owner is away.
B. Tendering the garden while the owner is home.
C. Watching a family's kids in their house.
D. Painting the house while the owner is away.
2. A. The man read too much        B. The woman doesn't know Bill.
C. The man is making assumptions. D. The man is not well-informed.
3. A. In her own home,    B. In a hotel.
C. In a two-bedroom apartment.   D. In a three-bedroom apartment.
4. A. he could chop the bushes down.      B. He could make the bushes look more orderly.
C. He could replace the bushes with flowers. D. He could replace the garden with flowers.
5. A. To save her money for a long time. B. To buy a new car.
C. He told her so.                   D. To get a second car.
6. A. It was hard going.        B. It was fairly successful.
C. It failed for lack of money.   D. It stopped for want of land.
7. A. He may rent it out for use as a restaurant. B. He may sell it to the owner of a restaurant.
C. He may pull it down and build a new restaurant.
D. He may convert it and use it as a restaurant.
8. A. Studying   B. Watching television   C. Nothing right now   D. Going to the football game
9. A. It was lost somewhere.    B. It decreased in value.
C. It was given up.   D. It became his burden.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be three questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
10. A. 20    B. 24    C. 30    D. 34
11. A. 10    B. 14    C. 20    D. 29
12. A. 40    B. 42    C. 44    D. 46
Passage 2
13. A. A majority of Americans voted for it.   B. Large trucks were causing many accidents.
C. There was a sudden increase in highway deaths.   D. a fuel shortage was developing.
14. A. Easterners.   B. Westerners.   C. Older persons.   D. Automobile industry workers.
15. A. 75 percent.   B. 23 percent.   C. 55 percent.   D. 66 percent.
Part II Vocabulary (20 points)
Directions: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
16. In a world that aims to eliminate hunger and disparities in wealth, global equilibrium is vital.
A. equity   B. balance   C. inequality   D. discretion
17. Culture like nonverbal behavior tends to be elusive, and has a potent influence in intercultural communication.
A. hidden   B. visible   C. consequential   D. powerful
18. I knew my father would discipline me for my actions.
A. reward   B. restrain   C. congratulate   D. punish
19. Living in an apartment, we miss the utility of a basement and an attic.
A. availability   B. space   C. transaction   D. quiet
20. Certain children exhibit truculent attitudes towards school discipline.
A. fierce   B. crazed   C. unfair   D. acceptable
21. New scientific research requires corroboration by the independent parties.
A. confirmation   B. experiments   C. agreement   D. studies
22. As people grow older, they tend to ruminate on the uncertainty of life.
A. concentrate   B. ponder   C. illuminate   D. dwell
23. In the 1950's college students in the United States were often criticized for being apathetic.
A. intolerant   B. unprepared   C. depressed   D. uninvolved
24. The author meditated on the theme of his book before sketching out the plot and characterization.
A. subordinated   B. mused   C. aggravated   D. paddled
25. An individual nerve cell usually has a large cell body and a conspicuous nucleus.
A. an obvious   B. a cohesive   C. an enormous   D. an immature
26. The code was ________ to anyone who does not have the keys.
A. unintelligible   B. integral   C. intelligent   D. unfounded
27. The book was not only written in Greek, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were ________ in many parts of it.
A. translated   B. incorporated   C. altered   D. contracted
28. After a concert tour of Europe, Canada and the U.S., he will ________ work on a five-language opera.
A. confine   B. indulge   C. resume   D. undergo
29. He ________ his remarks with a graph showing the latest sales figures.
A. amazed   B. advocated   C. adored   D. amplified
30. Old Mr. Brown's conditions look very serious and it is doubtful if he will ________.
A. pull through   B. pull up   C. pull back   D. pull out
31. The means ________ the scientists transformed the invention into application came largely from their years of studies and experiments.
A. wherein   B. whereon   C. whereof   D. whereby
32. The great comedian's death is undoubtedly an ________ loss to all of us.
A. uncountable   B. irrational   C. irretrievable   D. irreversible
33. The statement is ________ with the ones you made earlier.
A. unfounded   B. inexplicit   C. unconventional   D. inconsistent
34. Although the novel is dull, it ________ clearly the social and economical life of the time.
A. integrates   B. facilitates   C. narrates   D. circulates
35. The dying man's speech was so ________ that no one was able to interpret his last request.
A. explicit   B. incoherent   C. impotent   D. through
Part III Reading Comprehension (20 points)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A,B,C or D, and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Scientists have discovered that one of three normal variants of a gene called apolipoprotein-E can be used to predict when a person will get Alzheimer's disease, if that person is predisposed to the disorder in the first place.
The study showed that the E-4 variant of APOE gene influenced the timing of the onset of Alzheimer's in about half the population
Senior author John C. S. Breitner, professor of mental hygiene, said " About half the population will eventually get Alzheimer's, but we don't yet know how to distinguish those who will from those who won't. For the person who is predisposed for the disease, however, we have found that the number of E-4 genes he or she had inherited can tell us roughly how old that person will be when the disease strikes. By furthering our ability to predict how vulnerable a person is to the disease, these findings have implications for identifying lifestyle choices that may be protective against the disease."
Breitner, however, was quick to point out that inheritance was not the whole story. His group has studied identical twins and sibling of families who were at high risk for the disease and found instances in which one twin developed Alzheimer's while the other didn't. "These findings tell us, " said Breitner, " that inheritance does not equal fate, and that other factors must be at work that delay, modify or interrupt the disease process."
Alzheimer's affects about 4 million Americans today, and unless a cure or preventive strategy can be found, 14 million will have the disease by 2050.
36. Alzheimer's in this passage is the name of ________.
A) the three normal variants of a human gene
B) a disease some people are born with
C) an infectious illness that easily spreads
D) an expert in the study of mental disorder
37. Breitner and his group have succeeded in ________.
A) preventing a human gene from turning abnormal
B) finding a cure for an inherited disease
C) discovering the number of E-4 genes in humans
D) predicting when Alzheimer's will set on
38. According to the researchers, the reason why one of the twins didn't get Alzheimer's was ________.
A) that he was in better health       B) that he was not predisposed to it
C) still a puzzle to be solved        D) a proof of man's fate
39. The next step Breitner and his group will take is probably to ________.
A) search for factors other than inheritance that trigger Alzheimer's
B) collect statistic figures concerning the disease from over the country
C) distinguish those who will develop the disease from those who won't
D) find out what genes are responsible for this genetic condition
40. If Breitner and his colleagues should achieve further success, we could hope that ________.
A) other infectious diseases could be stopped and cured
B) millions of Americans could be saved from the attack of Alzheimer's
C) human health could be further protected by scientific discoveries
D) faulty genes in human body could be mended and improved.
Passage Two
Opinion poll surveys show that the public see scientists in a rather unflattering light.
Commonly, the scientist is also seen as being male. It is true that most scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major reason why fewer girls than boys opt for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as "female".
The image most people have of science and scientists comes from their own experience of school science, and from the mass media. Science teachers themselves see it as a problem that so many school pupils find school science an unsatisfying experience, though over the last few years more and more pupils, including girls, have opted for science subjects.
In spite of excellent documentaries, and some good popular science magazines, scientific stories in the media still usually alternate between miracle and scientific threat. The popular stereotype of science is like the magic of fairy tales: it has potential for enormous good or awful harm. Popular fiction is full of "good" scientists saving the world, and "mad" scientists trying to destroy it.
From all the many scientific stories which might be given media treatment, those which are chosen are usually those which can be framed in terms of the usual news angles: novelty, threat, conflict or the bizarre. The routine and often tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities (as in embryo research). Threatening public health (as in weapons research). Or fighting it out with each other (in giving evidence at public enquiries such as those held on the issues connected with nuclear power).
The mass media also tend to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the product of individual genius, while neglecting the social organization which makes scientific work possible.
A further effect of this is that science comes to be seen as a thing in itself: a kind of unpredictable force; a tide of scientific progress.
It is no such thing, of course. Science is what scientists do; what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates, and what is done with their work depends very much on who has the power to turn their discoveries into technology, and what their interests are.
41. According to the passage, ordinary people have a poor opinion of science and scientists because ________.
A) science is badly taught in schools   B) opinion polls are unflattering
C) scientists are shown negatively in the media   D) science is considered to be dangerous
42. Fewer girls than boys study science because ________.
A) they think science is too difficult   B) they are often unsuccessful in science at school
C) science is seen as a man's job   D) science is considered to be dangerous.
43. Media treatment of science tends to concentrate on ________.
A) the routine, everyday work of scientists   B) discoveries that the public will understand
C) the more sensational aspects of science   D) the satisfactions of scientific work
44. According to the author, over-personalization of scientific work will lead science into ________.
A) isolation form the rest of the world   B) improvements on school system
C) association with "femaleness"   D) trouble in recruiting young talent
45. According to the author, scientific work is stimulated by ________.
A) ambition   B) social demands   C) technological problems   D) internal pressure
46. The author believes that the popular views of science is ________.
A) accurate   B) well-informed   C) over-optimistic   D) biased
Passage Three
No Englishman believes in working from book learning. He suspects all theories, philosophical or other. He suspects everything new, and dislikes it, unless he can be compelled by the force of circumstances to see that this new thing has advantages over the old. Race-experience is what he invariably depends upon, whenever he can, whether in India, in Egypt, or in Australia. His statesmen do not consult historical precedents in order to decide what to do: they first learn the facts as they are; then they depend upon their own common sense, not at all upon their university learning or upon philosophical theories. And in the case of the English nation, it must be acknowledged that this instinctive method has been eminently successful.
The last people from whom praise can be expected, even for what is worthy of all praise, are the English. A new friendship, a new ideal, a reform, a noble action, a wonderful poet, an exquisite painting—any of these things will be admired and praised by every other people in Europe long before you can get Englishmen to praise. The Englishman all this time is studying, considering, trying to find fault. Why should he try to find fault? So that he will not make any mistake at a later day. He has inherited the terrible caution of his ancestors in regard to mistakes. It must be granted that his caution has saved him from a number of very serious mistakes that other nations have made. It must also be acknowledged that he exercises a fair amount of moderation in the opposite direction---his modern Englishman; he has learned caution of another kind, which his ancestors taught him. "Power should be used with moderation; for whoever finds himself among valiant men will discover that no man is peerless." And this is a very important thing for the strong man to know---that however strong, he cannot be the strongest; his match will be found when occasion demands it. Not only Scandinavian but English rulers have often discovered this fact to their cost.
The judgment of the Englishman by all other European peoples is that he is the most suspicious, the most reserved. The most unreceptive, the most unfriendly, the coldest-hearted, and the most domineering of all western peoples. Ask a Frenchman, an Italian, a German, a Spaniard, even an American, what he thinks about Englishmen; and every one of them will tell you the very same thing. This is precisely what the character of men would become who had lived for thousands of years in the conditions of northern society. But you would find upon the other hand that nearly all nations would speak highly of certain other English qualities---energy, courage, honor, justice (between themselves). They would say that although no man is so difficult to make friends with, the friendship of an Englishman once gained is more stronger and true than any other. And as the battle of life still continues, and must continue for thousands of years to come, it must be acknowledged that the English character is especially well fitted for the struggle. Its reserves, its cautions, its doubts, its suspicions, its brutality—these have been for it in the past, and are still in the present, the best social armour and panoply of war. It is not a lovable nor an amiable character; it is not even kindly. The Englishman of the best type is much more inclined to be just than he is to be kind, for kindness is an emotional impulse, and the Englishman is on his guard against every kind of emotional impulse. But with all this, the character is a grand one, and its success has been the best proof of its value.
47. The first sentence in paragraph 1 means that ________.
A) Englishman does not believe that both working and book learning can do any help
B) Englishman deems that book learning can't work
C) English would rather work than study
D) Englishman does not believe in doctrinism
48. We can learn from the second paragraph that ________.
A) Englishman is too proud to praise others
B) Englishman is very cautious in order to avoid mistakes
C) Englishman inherits humility from ancestors
D) Englishman likes to criticize others
49. The fact that the Englishman is always on his guard against every kind of emotional impulse shows that Englishman has a quality of ________.
A) kindness   B) caution   C) justice   D) reserve
50. The tone of this passage could best be described as ________.
A) impartial   B) critical   C) praising   D) indifferent
Passage Four
Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately, it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspace in the urban environment is the first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, with the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.
The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.
The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the street, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feed yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.
51. According to the author, the importance of greenspace in the urban environment ________.
A) is still unknown   B) is being closely studied
C) is usually neglected   D) has been fully recognized
52. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to ________.
A) the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighborhood
B) the location of recreation facilities far from home
C) relatively little attention for recreative possibilities
D) the importance of recreative possibilities in the neighborhood
53. The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of greenspace should be provided ________.
A) in special areas   B) in the suburbs
C) in the neighborhood of the house   D) in gardens and parks
54. According to the author, greenspace facilities should be designed in such a way that ________.
A) more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspect
B) more and more people might have access to them
C) an increasing number of recreative activities might be developed
D) recreative activities might be brought into our homes
55. The main idea of this passage is that ________.
A) better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life
B) attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities
C) the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago
D) priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities
Part IV Translation (30 points)
Directions: In this section, you are required to put three short passages into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the Answer Sheet.
1
There are those who believe that the age-old problem of how best to translate the thoughts of men from one language to another will yield to the magic of the translating machine. However, research findings showed that the proficiency of a translating machine that took ten years to build and cost 8 million pounds was 21 percent slower than a skilled human.
When it comes to translating subtleties, the machine itself best emphasizes why the gifted professionals are in no danger of being replaced. In a demonstration once, the designers asked a statesman to feed the machine a phrase---any phrase. The statesman chose "The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. " In went the words in English to the accompaniment of blinking lights, and out came a slip of paper in French. " The vodka is strong," it said, "But the meat is rotten."
2
The application---or misapplication of science and technology in all fields is certain to affect the structure of society as a whole. This will remain true whether we are dealing with the application of psychology to advertising and political propaganda, or engineering to the mass media of communication, or of medical science to the problem of overpopulation or old age. This could lead to the development of a special discipline whose job would be to estimate the social consequences of all major research and development projects before they are put into large-scale operation. One of the most powerful trends in present-day science is for separate branches to converge and form inter-related groups of studies. If this trend continues, it may in fact lead to the emergence of an entirely new type of scientists, i.e. the multi-disciplinary coordinator.
3
After the September 11 attacks, international players expressed their sympathy from the United States, culminating in a virtual torchlight vigil for those who had lost their lives in the real world. "Very few people of my generation understand any of this," says Goldstein. " They don't know a thing about parallel lives, or a life lived partially online, which is second nature to anyone under 25."
In other words, online games are succeeding not just as an outlet for competition but as a forum for social interaction. Even shoot-'em-ups can benefit from adding a social element. The most widely played online action game is the first-person shooter Counter-Strike (反恐精英), in which you play on one of two terms. Terrorist or Counter-Terrorists, in a variety of scenarios like rescuing hostages and planting or defusing bombs. Every night, without fail, there are 100,000 or more people online playing Counter-Strike. Six-hour-a-day player Christy Rogge, 23, an unemployed mother of two and leader of an all-female team of Counter-Strike veterans, who even met her current boyfriend while playing the game. How's that for social.
Part V Writing (15 points)
Directions: In this section, you are required to write a composition of no less than 150 words on:
WORK AND REST