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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，南京理工大学考博英语涵盖阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作四大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid-1920s.
We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America's bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.
We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.
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How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?
A) They were of inferior races.
B) They were a source of political corruption.
C) They were a threat to the nation's security.
D) They were part of the nation's bloodstream.
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What does the author think of the new immigrants?
A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.
B) They can do just as well as their predecessors.
C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.
D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that 21 does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less 22 then, however, were the new, positive 23 that work against the digital divide. 24, there are reasons to be 25.
- A) divide B) information C) world D) lecture
- A) obscure B) visible C) invisible D) indistinct
在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。在学习的初级阶段，学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学。语言是阅读和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表达自己；没有很好地掌握一门外语，你就会发现很难吸收外国的新知识。数学能训练人的逻辑思维。
Directions: Write about 200 words based on the following directions. Make sure your essay has a clear thesis statement and convincing supporting details. The expression "Never, never give up" means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息查找，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对早期美国国会对移民态度的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America's bloodstream”，明确早期国会认为移民是 “劣等种族”，故选 [A]。
[B]“政治腐败的根源”、[C]“国家安全的威胁” 未在原文提及；[D]“国家血脉的一部分” 与原文 “担心劣等种族污染国家血脉” 相悖，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查作者观点推断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对作者对新移民态度的准确把握。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “We now know that these racist views were wrong... There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success”，作者认为种族主义观点错误，新移民应能取得与前辈相同的成就，故选 [B]。
[A]“会成为有活力的劳动力” 未提及；[C]“会对新土地失望” 与文意相反；[D]“可能难以融入主流” 是批评者的观点，非作者态度，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义复现，是完形填空部分的高频考点，聚焦上下文语义衔接。
- 答案详解：
前文明确提到 “the so-called digital divide”，此处指代前文的 “数字鸿沟”，故用 “divide”，选 [A]。
[B]“信息”、[C]“世界”、[D]“讲座” 均无法呼应前文核心概念，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，是完形填空部分的基础考点，聚焦上下文逻辑转折。
- 答案详解：
前文提到 “二十年前就警示过数字鸿沟的危险”，后文用 “however” 转折，强调 “当时不太明显的是对抗数字鸿沟的积极力量”，“less visible”（不太明显的）契合逻辑，故选 [B]。
[A]“模糊的”、[C]“看不见的”、[D]“模糊不清的” 均未体现 “虽存在但未被关注” 的语义，故排除。
Laying a solid foundation in knowledge will benefit you for a lifetime. In the initial stage of study, the most important subjects in school are language and mathematics. Language is a tool for reading and communication. If your Chinese is not good, you cannot express yourself well; if you have not mastered a foreign language proficiently, you will find it difficult to absorb new knowledge from foreign countries. Mathematics can train people's logical thinking.
- 考点定位：本题考查教育类汉译英，核心考查并列结构、条件状语从句及固定表达，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- “打下坚实的基础” 译为 “laying a solid foundation”（固定搭配），“终生受益” 译为 “benefit you for a lifetime”，简洁自然；
- “初级阶段” 译为 “initial stage”，避免直译 “primary stage” 的生硬感；
- 两个条件句 “中文不好……”“没有很好地掌握……” 译为 “If your Chinese is not good...”“if you have not mastered...”，保持句式一致；
- “逻辑思维” 译为 “logical thinking”（固定表达），精准传递语义。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦观点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “永不放弃” 的观点论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Never, Never Give Up
The phrase "Never, never give up" has long been regarded as a guiding principle for achieving goals. In my opinion, this spirit of perseverance is indispensable for success, as challenges and setbacks are inevitable in any pursuit.
Firstly, perseverance is the key to overcoming difficulties. Many great achievements in history were born out of unyielding efforts. For example, Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb, but he never abandoned his goal. His persistence finally illuminated the world. Similarly, in academic research, scholars often encounter repeated failures in experiments or thesis writing. Only those who stick to their research despite difficulties can make breakthroughs.
Secondly, giving up easily leads to missed opportunities. Many people stop halfway when facing obstacles, not realizing that success is just around the corner. For instance, some entrepreneurs may give up their business plans due to initial market setbacks, but those who persist in adjusting strategies and improving products are more likely to achieve success in the long run.
In conclusion, "Never, never give up" is not just a slogan, but a practical attitude toward life. It enables us to confront difficulties bravely and seize opportunities firmly. Whether in study, work or life, perseverance will always be the foundation of success.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出观点 — 分论点论证 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰；
- 内容：用爱迪生发明电灯、学者科研、企业家创业三个例子支撑观点，论据充分，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “indispensable, unyielding efforts, breakthroughs, confront difficulties” 等学术词汇，句式多样（状语从句、定语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为南京理工大学 2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节定位与观点推断、完形填空的语义衔接、翻译的句式转换与语义精准、写作的逻辑构建与论据支撑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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