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2020年上海体育学院博士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：外语（1001 英语）（共2题，第一题40分，第二题60分，共100分）
Part I  Translation (40 points)
Read the following text carefully and then translate all paragraphs into Chinese.
Given the positive effects of exercise on physical function, healthy aging in obese older adults might require an intervention that involves regular exercise. We reported previously that exercise (combined aerobic and resistance training) in combination with weight loss was associated with greater improvement in physical function than weight loss alone or exercise alone. However, exercise attenuated but did not prevent loss in muscle and bone mass induced by weight loss and ameliorated but did not reverse frailty. The physiologic adaptations to aerobic and resistance exercise are distinctly different: aerobic exercise improves cardiovascular adaptations that increase peak oxygen consumption without significantly changing strength, whereas resistance exercise improves neuromuscular adaptations that increase strength without significantly changing peak oxygen consumption. These physiologic adaptations may interfere with each other when the two types of training are performed together. In the current clinical trial, we compared the effectiveness of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and combined exercise in reversing frailty and preserving muscle and bone mass during weight loss in obese older adults. We hypothesized that weight loss plus resistance exercise would improve physical function more than weight loss plus aerobic exercise or weight loss plus combined aerobic and resistance exercise.