上海外国语大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

上海外国语大学2014年博士研究生入学考试英语（外国语）试题

（考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共8页）
所有答案均写在答题纸上，写在本试卷或草稿纸上无效。
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)
Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence.
Section A Grammar (15%, @1%)
1. I really wish I _____ all my money on those shoes yesterday.
A. haven’t spent
B. didn’t spend
C. hadn’t spent
D. don’t spend
2. _____ that it closed after only a week.
A. Such unpopular the exhibition was
B. Such unpopular was the exhibition
C. So unpopular the exhibition was
D. So unpopular was the exhibition
3. His parents _____ his homework every night before he could watch TV.
A. made him do
B. allowed him to do
C. let him do
D. allowed him do
4. _____ wake up the baby, they spoke quietly.
A. Not wanted to
B. Not wanting to
C. Not want to
D. Wanting not to
5. If the concert _____, we wouldn’t have left early.
A. was not boring
B. hasn’t been boring
C. were not boring
D. hadn’t been boring
6. Many buildings were damaged by the hurricane, and a month later, they _____.
A. are still repairing
B. are still repaired
C. are still being repaired
D. have repaired
7. Jeff had a terrible fight with his girlfriend, but they _____ later when he apologized.
A. made over
B. made it over
C. made up
D. made up it
8. I saw Aliza yesterday. I _____ at the library.
A. ran into her
B. ran her into
C. ran her over
D. ran in to her
9. _____ are three early paintings by Picasso.
A. Displaying in this room
B. Displayed in this room
C. To display in this room
D. Have displayed in this room
10. Most students really do have topics _____.
A. in which they can speak
B. with which they can speak
C. to which they can speak
D. on which they can speak
11. _____ what is generally assumed, the adjustment to this kind of work is relatively easily made.
A. Apart from
B. Instead of
C. Contrary to
D. In addition to
12. I didn’t hear my cell phone ring. I _____ turned it on.
A. could have
B. should not have
C. may have
D. must not have
13. The hotel _____ we stayed in had a private beach.
A. where
B. that
C. at which
D. wherever
14. After I take a big exam, I can’t help _____ until I see my grade.
A. worry
B. worried
C. worrying
D. to worry
15. Mary keeps talking about the party—she had a very good time, _____?
A. hadn’t she
B. had she
C. didn’t she
D. wasn’t she
Section B Vocabulary (15%, @1%)
1. The _____ of the movie Titanic is that love is stronger than death.
A. lesson
B. message
C. moral
D. idea
2. We got all new kitchen _____, including a stove, fridge, and microwave oven.
A. appliances
B. gadgets
C. furniture
D. tools
3. Vera is really _____ about becoming a physicist and winning the Nobel Prize!
A. anxious
B. motivated
C. determined
D. ambitious
4. Janet will have _____ for the new advertising campaign.
A. obligation
B. duty
C. requirement
D. responsibility
5. We need a(n) _____ person to decide what is fair.
A. uninterested
B. indifferent
C. disinterested
D. stubborn
6. The novel was _____ for a TV series.
A. adapted
B. adopted
C. admired
D. admitted
7. The subway _____ in my city went up last month.
A. price
B. fare
C. charge
D. pay
8. It was a long, slow _____ from Moscow to Beijing by train.
A. crossing
B. journey
C. voyage
D. travel
9. Many countries have emergency _____ systems for natural disasters.
A. advising
B. telling
C. warning
D. supporting
10. You need to have a back-_____ light in case the electricity goes off.
A. over
B. down
C. on
D. up
11. John and I are very _____. We’re both very active and love to be outdoors.
A. controlling
B. committed
C. considerate
D. compatible
12. All of the _____ were wearing blue and white, their team’s colors.
A. audience
B. viewers
C. spectators
D. visitors
13. Last year Dan changed his _____ from chemistry to biology.
A. major
B. lesson
C. course
D. class
14. When I heard the woman’s _____, I could tell that she came from the northern part of our country.
A. language
B. voice
C. dialect
D. accent
15. There was a _____ accident here last night. Many people were killed or injured.
A. fearful
B. horrible
C. frightened
D. terrified
II. Cloze Test (20%, @1%)
Direction: Fill in each blank of the following passage with an appropriate word.
It often appears that we have more to gain by speaking than by listening. One big advantage of speaking is that it gives you a chance to control others’ thoughts and actions. Whatever your goal—to have a prospective boss hire you, to _____(1) others to vote for the candidate of your _____(2), or to describe the way you want your hair _____(3)—the key to success seems to be the ____(4) to speak well.
Another apparent advantage of speaking is the chance it provides to _____(5) the admiration, respect, or liking of others. Tell jokes, and everyone will think you’re a real _____(6). Offer advice, and they’ll be _____(7) for your help. Tell them all you know, and they’ll be _____(8) by your wisdom. But keep quiet… and it seems as if you’ll look like a _____(9) nobody.
Finally, talking gives you the chance to _____(10) energy in a way that listening can’t. When you’re _____(11), the chance to talk about your problems can often help you feel better. In the same way, you can often _____(12) your anger by letting it out verbally. It is also helpful to _____(13) your excitement with others by talking about it, for keeping it inside often _____(14) you feeling as if you might burst.
While it is true that talking does have many advantages, it’s important to realize that listening can _____(15) listeners, too. As you’ll soon read, being a good listener is one good way to help others _____(16) their problems; and what better way is there to have others _____(17) you? As for controlling others, it may be true that it’s hard to be persuasive while you’re listening, but your _____(18) to hear others out will often leave them _____(19) to thinking about your ideas in return, like defensiveness, listening is often reciprocal: you get what you _____(20).
1.
A. guarantee
B. persuade
C. convince
D. promise
2.
A. associate
B. relation
C. choice
D. opponent
3.
A. cutting
B. cut
C. to cut
D. being cut
4.
A. adaptability
B. probability
C. flexibility
D. capability
5.
A. gain
B. grasp
C. receive
D. acquire
6.
A. master
B. genius
C. creator
D. wit
7.
A. thoughtful
B. delightful
C. grateful
D. trustful
8.
A. affected
B. impressed
C. influenced
D. excited
9.
A. fruitless
B. priceless
C. worthless
D. senseless
10.
A. reserve
B. relieve
C. remove
D. release
11.
A. disturbed
B. discharged
C. disposed
D. disgusted
12.
A. lessen
B. decrease
C. reduce
D. compress
13.
A. divide
B. share
C. distribute
D. provide
14.
A. makes
B. causes
C. leaves
D. enables
15.
A. interest
B. favor
C. benefit
D. improve
16.
A. from
B. of
C. beyond
D. with
17.
A. appreciate
B. understand
C. comprehend
D. gratify
18.
A. consciousness
B. likeliness
C. willingness
D. eagerness
19.
A. free
B. open
C. clear
D. pure
20.
A. lose
B. exchange
C. sacrifice
D. give
III. Reading Comprehension (10%, @1%)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.
Passage 1
Insurance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family the poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many. This is the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as "insured" and those who administer the pool of contributions as "insurers".
Not all risks lend themselves to being covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated—and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated.
The legal basis of all insurance is the "policy". This is a printed form of contract on stout paper of the best quality. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a named sum of money, called the "premium", which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk or event insured against actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason for this. Over a large number of years many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts, in their judgments, have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes the phrases have continued to be used in policies even when they have paused out of normal use in speech.
1. According to this passage, insurance is possible because _____.
A. everyone at some time suffers loss
B. only a small proportion of the insured suffer loss
C. nearly everyone suffers loss
D. only insured people suffer loss
2. The "basis of insurance" refers to _____.
A. the sharing of risks
B. the administration of contributions
C. the payment of contributions
D. exposure to risks
3. By "the pool of contributions" the writer means _____.
A. money paid by the insured
B. money paid by the insurers
C. the cost of administering insurance
D. the amount of each premium
4. The insurance of ordinary business risks is not possible because _____.
A. businessmen will not buy insurance
B. the risks are too high
C. the risks cannot be estimated
D. the premiums would be too high
5. Old-fashioned wording is sometimes used in insurance policies because _____.
A. insurance is old-fashioned
B. insurance has existed for a long time
C. it enables ordinary people to understand it
D. the meaning of such wording has been agreed upon
Passage 2
After years of enduring tantalizing rumors that she would win the Nobel Prize for Literature, South African novelist Nadine Gordimer developed a pat response for nosy journalists: “I would say, ‘If I ever win it, I’ll let you know,’ and I’d put the phone down.” Then one day in 1991, while standing in the kitchen, Gordimer—whose piercingly authoritative phone manner reflects the high moral seriousness of such books as Burger’s Daughter and July’s People—received the call that ended the speculation. “I was, of course, delighted,” she says. “Everybody must be when they get the Nobel Prize.”
Delighted at first, that is. Caribbean poet Derek Walcott, who won the prize in 1992, recalls a similar burst of joy followed by a prolonged state of siege. “The phone rang endlessly, and a lot of invitations came. It was a really terrible time, not terrible in a bad sense but terrible in how exacting it is. For a while you can’t work, because it’s so demanding.” What Walcott characterizes as the Nobel’s less than phenomenal influence on his book sales didn’t make up for the chaotic fuss. What did soothe him, however, was the prize money, as he frankly and cheerfully admits. “It was almost a million dollars,” he recalls. “What I’m really grateful for is the fact that I could build a very nice house in a very nice little bay in St. Lucia with a studio.”
Once labeled a potential “kiss of death” by novelist Saul Bellow, after he won the prize in 1976, the Nobel can be a bittersweet distinction. For William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway, the prize was a swan song, a tribute to past masterpieces whose greatness their subsequent work did not approach. For others, it’s just a very prestigious distraction. Polish poet Wislawa Szymborska, the 1996 laureate, complained that the prize destroyed her cherished privacy by turning her into an “official person.” According to Jonathan Galassi, editor in chief of Farrar, Straus and Giroux (Gordimer’s and Walcott’s publisher), the prize can “inundate” a writer. “People,” he says, “want a piece of your ass even more than they did before.”
Judging by the pace at which they’re working, both Gordimer and Walcott appear to be surviving the Nobel. Gordimer’s new novel, The House Gun, which comes out this month, is a tense post-apartheid family drama as vital as anything she has ever written. The protagonists are a white upper middle-class couple who’ve managed to glide through their country’s revolution without so much as a hair out of place. Then their adult son confesses to murder, and the stalled karmic wheels begin to turn. The story deftly brings home a tricky truth: peace can be as perilous as war, and even more confusing to negotiate.
As a member of the African National Congress, Gordimer has always been a deeply political creature, both in her public life and in her writing, but the resolution of her nation’s great issue hasn’t cooled her intellectual fires. With her son, documentary filmmaker Hugo Cassirer, she’s currently working on a film that will contrast the recent histories of two long-divided but now reunified cities, Berlin and Johannesburg. Referring to the project, Gordimer may as well be speaking of her own experience with the Nobel: “We’ve become fascinated by what happens after the initial euphoria, and how you deal with daily life.”
Walcott’s daily life is hectic. As the co-writer of the book and lyrics for Paul Simon’s long-awaited musical The Capeman, he has a Broadway opening this month—an unusually suspenseful opening. The Capeman, which tells the story of Salvador Agron, a Puerto Rican teen who killed two white youths in a Manhattan playground in 1959, has been plagued by a drumbeat of doomsaying in the New York media, last-minute changes and a postponed opening date. The Nobel curse may be chasing Walcott, but his productivity seems unaffected. His most recent book of poetry, The Bounty, was published last summer to good reviews, and his next book—a collection of his paintings accompanied by a long poem—is due to appear later this year.
The Nobel Prize isn’t perfect. Not every great writer wins, and not every winner is a great writer. Still, the Nobel does bring the one thing every writer can always use, besides a nice house on a bay: self-confidence. “You could say, ‘Oh, yes, it was time the prize was given to a black woman or to a Caribbean writer,’” says Walcott. “But one likes to believe that it is based on merit, even it sounds flattering to say that.” Sometimes literature’s kiss of death, it seems, can be the breath of life.
6. What annoyed Gordimer before she received the Nobel Prize?
A. Speculation from the press.
B. Lack of fame.
C. Anxiety
D. Heavy workload.
7. All the following are true of Walcott after receiving the Nobel Prize EXCEPT _____.
A. he was delighted to receive the Nobel Prize
B. for a while he was mired in social activities
C. with the prize money he could find a better place to live and work
D. the Nobel didn’t boost his book sales
8. Why does the writer mention Saul Bellow (paragraph. 3) ?
A. To indicate the source of the term “kiss of death”.
B. To imply that his subsequent work was a failure.
C. To compare him with William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway.
D. To imply that he did not deserve the Nobel.
9. It can be inferred that apartheid is a period characterized by _____.
A. economic recession
B. clashes and conflicts
C. peace
D. family drama
10. Which of the following is NOT true of The Capeman?
A. it is a story of racial conflict.
B. It was to open some time this month.
C. It has not been well received by the New York media.
D. It has a suspenseful plot.
IV. Translation (20%)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Do you ever eat fish sticks? Do you know where most of the fish we eat comes from? Some come from lakes, like the Great Lakes, but most come from the ocean.
Let’s visit the “Ocean State.” That’s Rhode Island. It’s called that because not one person in the whole state lives more than 25 miles from the ocean. We’re going to the port of Narragansett. A port is where ships and boats can load and unload cargo.
In this port, you’ll see many fishing boats. They must be unloading 1,000 pounds of lobster and about 8,500 pounds of crab. That’s a lot of seafood salad!
If you like eating shellfish, then travel south to the Chesapeake Bay. Native Americans living along this bay gave it an Algonquian (阿尔贡金语的) name, Chesepiook. The name means “great shellfish bay” and there are plenty of crabs, oysters, and clams in these waters.
V. Writing (20%)
Directions: Based on the following information, please write an essay of about 200 words on your answer sheet. A title is needed.
With the ever-increasing number of private cars in China, some problems have been more and more conspicuous. What do you think those problems are? Are there any feasible solutions to them?