首都经济贸易大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

首都经济贸易大学
2015年博士研究生入学考试
《英语》试题

说明：
1. 答题一律写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效；
2. 答题请写清题号，不必抄题。
Part I    Vocabulary Structure (10 points)
Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. The manager spoke highly of such ______ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.
A) virtues
B) features
C) properties
D) characteristics
2. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly ______ to another subject.
A) committed
B) switched
C) favoured
D) transmitted
3. In order to repair barns, build fences, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be ______.
A) restless
B) skilled
C) strong
D) versatile
4. He was ______ to tell the truth even to his closed friend.
A) too much of a coward
B) too much the coward
C) a coward enough
D) enough of a coward
5. They are trying to ______ the waste discharged by the factory for profit.
A) expose
B) exhaust
C) exhibit
D) exploit
6. Writing is a slow process, requiring ______ thought, time, and effort.
A) significant
B) enormous
C) considerable
D) numerous
7. We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to ______.
A) ascend
B) descend
C) decline
D) plunge
8. Physics is ______ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.
A) alike
B) equivalent
C) likely
D) uniform
9. The president made a ______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.
A) vigorous
B) tedious
C) flat
D) harsh
10. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe ______ Europe into a great war.
A) inserted
B) pitched
C) plunged
D) imposed
Part II    Reading Comprehension (45 points)
Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called footwear for yuppies. They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and children's shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers. Still, despite its emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the up market retailing network that helped push sales to 1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from 27 to 85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the company's view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution. In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reebok's exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present, Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States. Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.
1. One reason why Reebok's managerial personnel don't like their shoes to be called "footwear for yuppies" is that ______.
A) they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groups
B) new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoes
C) "yuppies" usually evokes a negative image
D) the term makes people think of prohibitive prices
2. Reebok's view that "consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution" (Line 5, Para. 2) implies that ______.
A) the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling it
B) the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributors
C) the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell it
D) consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by high-quality stores
3. Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because ______.
A) its supply of products fell short of demand
B) too many distributors would cut into its profits
C) the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the market
D) it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products
4. Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it ______.
A) does not want to further expand its retailing network
B) still limits the number of shoes supplied to stores
C) is still particular about who sells its products
D) still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products
5. What lesson has Reebok learned from Nike's distribution problems?
A) A company should not sell its high quality shoes in discount stores.
B) A company should not limit its distribution network.
C) A company should do follow-up surveys of its products.
D) A company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new craze on the market.
Passage Two
California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance. Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried up lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.
6. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?
A. Lake Tulainyo.
B. Mojave desert.
C. Death Valley.
D. The Salton Sea.
7. Where is the highest point in the United States located?
A. Lake Tahoe.
B. Sierra Nevada.
C. Mount Whitney.
D. Alaska.
8. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?
A. About 3 miles.
B. Only 100 miles.
C. 282 feet.
D. 14,494 feet.
9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?
A. The Pacific Ocean.
B. San Joaquin Valley.
C. Mojave Desert.
D. Oregon and Washington.
10. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?
A. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.
B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.
C. Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.
D. Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.
Passage Three
Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and "apricot leather".
All foods including water --- cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.
Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to increase the rate of drying.
Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110°C at entry to about 43°C at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.
Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.
Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.
11. The open-air method of drying food ______.
A. is the one most commonly used today
B. was invented by the American Indians
C. has been known for hundreds of years
D. tends to be unhygienic
12. Bacteria which cause food to go bad ______.
A. cannot live in sunlight
B. are killed by drying
C. are in no way dependent on the water content
D. have their activity greatly reduced by drying
13. Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried ______.
A. on horizontal cylinders
B. in hot-air chambers
C. in the sun and wind
D. using the open tray method
14. Dried foods ______.
A. are often packed in cans or frozen
B. are used by soldiers and climbers
C. need more storage space than soldiers usually have available
D. are much cheaper than canned or frozen products
15. Housewives like dried foods because they ______.
A. are quick to prepare
B. taste better
C. can be preserved by boiling in water
D. look fresh and appetizing when cooked
Part III    Translation (30 points)
A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. (15 points)
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes---fiction, biography, poetry---we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.
B. Translate the following paragraphs into English. (15 points)
中国是有着悠久文明的国家。在世界几大古代文明中，中华文明是没有中断、延续发展至今的文明，已经有5000多年历史了。我们的祖先在几千年前创造的文字至今仍在使用。2000多年前，中国就出现了诸子百家的盛况。他们提出的很多理念，至今仍然深深影响着中国人的生活。中国人看待世界、看待社会、看待人生，有自己独特的价值体系。中国人独特而悠久的精神世界，让中国人具有很强的民族自信心，也培育了以爱国主义为核心的民族精神。
Part IV    Writing (15 points)
Directions: With the development of the increased internet communication, online shopping has been an indispensable part in the modern life today. Will Online Shopping Replace Traditional Shopping? Write an essay of approximately 200 words to support your view. Please give specific and reasonable argument to make your writing convincing.