苏州大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

2005年苏州大学博士生英语入学考试试题

Part I. Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 15 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Example: You will hear:
M: Is it possible for you to work late, Miss Green?
W: Work late? I suppose so. If you really think it is necessary.
Q: Where do you think this conversation most probably took place?
You will read:
A. At the office.
B. In the waiting room.
C. At the airport.
D. In a restaurant.
Sample Answer [-A-] [B][C][D]
From this conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they have to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A. "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the ANSWER SHEET and mark it with a single line through the center.
A. Not to go shopping downtown.
B. Guard her money.
C. Look for a new wallet.
D. Not to take the train
A. Working on an assignment together
B. What they will do that afternoon.
C. How they will spend the weekend.
D. Returning books to the library.
A. He didn’t have time to go to the movies.
B. The movie was not worth seeing.
C. The movie was inexpensive.
D. He didn’t understand the movie.
A. He is doing well in the class.
B. The book is confusing.
C. The lecture is very clear.
D. The lectures are from the book.
A. The man used to be unhealthy.
B. The man is handsome.
C. The man ate a lot everyday.
D. The man has become a better person.
A. Throw the black ones away.
B. Try on the black pair.
C. Change another pair.
D. Get the red ones.
A. In a bar.
B. In a restaurant.
C. In a grocer’s
D. In a hotel.
A. He may help the woman later.
B. He can’t help the woman.
C. The woman should not be annoyed.
D. The woman should work on the problem later.
A. He is not thirsty.
B. He forgot there is Coke.
C. He wants to have some coffee.
D. He doesn’t like canned food.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage one
Questions 10 ~ 12 are based on the following passage.
A. Certainly.
B. It depends.
C. Certainly not.
D. None of the above.
A. The world would be more beautiful.
B. The world would become less visible from the moon.
C. Sunrise and sunset would lose their beauty.
D. The view of sunrise and sunset would become more enjoyable.
A. Formation of rain drops in the air.
B. Vaporization of water to the air.
C. Development of air pollution.
D. Increase of rain drops.
Passage Two
Questions 13 ~ 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A. They can be used to express all kinds of feelings.
B. They can be used to business with people.
C. They can be used to convey our most important messages to people.
D. They can be used to deliver all the messages in our life.
A. Dismayed.
B. Frustrated.
C. Disappointed.
D. Relieved.
A. It helps to avoid conflict.
B. It helps people get their own way.
C. It stops any kinds of arguments.
D. It improves the business of the marriage counselors.
Part II. Vocabulary (15 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
16. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ___ in a quiet place.
A. above all
B. over all
C. first of all
D. after all
17. The bully tried to take away the younger boy's violin but the youngster ___ him with considerable courage.
A. rebelled
B. challenged
C. disobeyed
D. defied
18. He had an ___ habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window on to our doorstep.
A. offensive
B. uneducated
C. objectionable
D. uncultivated
19. The bishop preached a farewell sermon to a(n) ___ that filled the church to overflowing.
A. congregation
B. audience
C. procession
D. reunion
20. Besides washing that cut, put some ___ on it in case you have got some dirt in it.
A. deodorant
B. disinfectant
C. antedote
D. antiseptic
21. There is often so much traffic on the main thoroughfares that motorists may be able to travel faster on ___ roads.
A. inferior
B. minor
C. subordinate
D. suburban
22. Your usual teacher has lost her voice and ___ I am taking his place today.
A. nevertheless
B. moreover
C. however
D. accordingly
23. The kitchen was small and ___ so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty.
A. comple.e
B. complex
C. composite
D. compact
24. He is not one of those ___ members of the staff who read 'The Times' and take an interest in art and philosophy.
A. erudite
B. learned
C. proficient
D. intellectual
25. The law proved so unpopular that it was ___ by the Government a year later.
A. repelled
B. repulsed
C. repealed
D. ratified
26. He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his best-selling novel he became unbearably ___.
A. bigoted
B. exaggerated
C. cocksure
D. conceited
27. The firm should make a substantial profit ___ satisfactory labor relations are maintained.
A. provided that
B. with the result of
C. even if
D. in case
28. She set one alarm-clock for five o'clock and the other for five past so as to ___ that he did not oversleep.
A. assure
B. ensure
C. insure
D. reassure
29. The townspeople were always so well-behaved and ___ that the police had an idle life.
A. systematic
B. orderly
C. methodical
D. meticulous
30. I'm afraid, Mr. Jones, that the bank is obliged to refuse your application for an extended ___.
A. estimate
B. overdraft
C. compensation
D. balance
31. Jane said her husband's continual ___ kept her awake all the night.
A. sneering
B. snoozing
C. snarling
D. snoring
32. The two scientists working independently made the same invention ___. This made it difficult for the government to decide whom the patent was to be granted to.
A. spontaneously
B. simultaneously
C. collaboratively
D. elaborately
33. He lets his children make their own decisions now they're older; they've learnt how to ___ their own task.
A. presume
B. resume
C. consume
D. assume
34. Fish which live at the bottom of deep oceans are subject to extreme pressures, but fish living in shallow waters are not ___ to these pressures.
A. exposed
B. opposed
C. imposed
D. supposed
35. The woolen dress is a ___; it's supposed to be washable, but now I've washed it, it's too small to wear.
A. freak
B. fraud
C. fend
D. freckle
36. Putting food into one's mouth with a knife is considered a ___ manner.
A. vague
B. vulnerable
C. vulgar
D. vulnerable
37. That novel marked his highest achievement as a literary artist. All his ___ efforts fell below that standard.
A. successive
B. subsequent
C. consequent
D. subconscious
38. Some children display an ___ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.
A. insatiable
B. inherent
C. incredible
D. indiscriminate
39. The Government has therefore agreed to pay authorities extra sums to ___ for their financial losses.
A. make up
B. turn up
C. fill out
D. work out
40. Before cutting food, some Americans ___ their knife and fork to the opposite hand.
A. scratch
B. scrape
C. switch
D. snatch
41. As a child, I ___ a very strong work ethic from my parents, both of whom lived through the Great Depression.
A. required
B. acquired
C. acquainted
D. acquitted
42. The ___ of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.
A. upkeep
B. upshot
C. upsurge
D. uproar
43. The purpose of the official inquiry is to ___ the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.
A. come at
B. come into
C. come on
D. come for
44. There was a ___ of brakes as the car took the corner too quickly.
A. squawk
B. squelch
C. screech
D. scream
45. ___ through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale.
A. Rummage
B. Ravage
C. Forage
D. Salvage
Part III. Reading Comprehension (55 minutes, 30 points)
Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One
We do not want to be cantankerous. But we strongly believe that, for reasons to be documented in the succeeding chapters, American civilization tends to stand in such awe of its teen-age segment that it is in danger if becoming teen-age society, with permanently teen-age standards of thought, culture, and goals. As a result, American society is growing down rather than growing up.
This is creeping disease, not unlike hardening of the arteries. It is a softening of adulthood. It leads to immature goals in music, art, and literature. It forces newspapers, television producers, and movie-makers to translate the adult English usage into the limited vocabulary of the teen-age culture. It opens up vast opportunities for commercial exploitation and thereby sets off a chain reaction which constantly strengthens teen-age tyranny.
It is tyranny that dominates most brutally the teen-agers themselves. What starts with relatively innocent conforming to the ways of the crowd soon turns into manipulation of those crowd mores by a combination of inept adult leadership and plain commercial exploitation.
The longer it continues, the harder it becomes for dissenters to declare their independence.
We are fully aware that not all teen-agers and their parents have fallen victim to teen-age tyranny. Many have retained their freedom and upheld their standards. But even those who have resisted the trend know that the stronger the tide the harder it becomes to move against it. We hope that our efforts will make it a little easier for them.
We are not concerned with juvenile delinquency, except where it becomes part of the ‘general’ reason we will not deal with delinquency here is that we should be treated as such, and experts far better equipped to diagnose and combat it.
46. What is the author's attitude toward teen-age cultural standards as opposed to those of adults?
A. teen-age standards are, in all things, gross and uncultivated.
B. Teen-age standards are to be ignored because they are not based on sufficient experience.
C. When one grow to maturity, one's standards automatically become superior to those of teenagers.
D. Teen-age standards are simply immature in comparison to those of adults.
47. The effects of teen-age tyranny on society are initially evinced ___.
A. suddenly and catastrophically
B. in an insidious, unobtrusive manner
C. as a result of teen-age demands
D. in such a way as to be truly ineffective
48. The reason for the author's concern in this matter is that ___.
A. today's children are tomorrow's citizens
B. the voting age has been decreased to eighteen
C. American civilization itself seems to be threatened
D. We are becoming the laughing stock of the world
49. Those most harshly affected by this tyranny are ___.
A. the teen-agers themselves
B. senior citizens
C. the newer generations of teen-agers
D. the parents of the teen-agers
50. It is clear that the authors will not become involved in a discussion of teen-age crime because ___.
A. they have made only a slight study of the subject
B. they are more interested in other social problems
C. they feel that teen-age crime should be treated as a part of the problem of crime in general
D. their thought is that teen-age crime is a special and particular problem and should be treated as such
Passage Two
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprise directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts: yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence from that moment on they are tested again and again — by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not, problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and man fully development of his potentialities — those of love and of reason — are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.
51. By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery", the author intends to render the idea that man is ___.
A. a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible
B. working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
C. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly
D. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
52. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ___.
A. they are likely to lose their jobs
B. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
C. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they are deprived of the individuality and independence
53. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ___.
A. who are at the bottom of the society
B. who are higher up in their social status
C. who prove better than their fellow competitors
D. who could keep far away from this competitive world
54. To solve the present social problems, the author suggests that we should ___.
A. resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B. offer higher wages to the workers and employees
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. take the fundamental realities for granted
55. The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one for ___.
A. approval
B. dissatisfaction
C. suspicious
D. tolerance
Passage Three
Not long ago, it seemed that there would come a day quite soon when science would reveal that every food would be toxic and every practice lethal. Or, at any rate, that is how things appeared to many ordinary people.
The supposition was based on half-digested and partially understood scientific reports. As a code of belief it still has its disciples — only the other day I found myself sitting at dinner between women who, to hear them talk, seemed to imagine that every article in the supermarket was deadly. But I am pleased to report that, at long last, I detect the first signs that my fellow citizens are beginning to emerge from the gloomy depression in which it has been fashionable to hide for the past 20 years or so.
There are now a handful of daring souls who are prepared once again to eat the odd spoonful of strawberry jam and take the consequences. They have noticed, perhaps, that for all the talk about refined sugar the strawberry jam mortality rate is somewhat lower than they had previously been led to expect.
The loss of nerve, from which the ordinary person seems to be recovering, was caused by several factors. First, he was told by various professional watchdogs, public analysts and medical officers of health that it would be a good thing if he knew the contents of all the foods he bought. But when he saw the lists of ingredients dutifully printed on the sides of packets and bottles, he trembled and feared for his safety.
The second thing which once frightened the timid but which, I do believe, is now frightening them less, was the remarkable scientific advance which, all unremarked by the general public and its legislators, has been revolutionizing analytical chemistry. What this galloping advance in analytical acuity means is that scientists can now isolate the tiniest amount of harmful substances in foods which, hitherto, have always been considered safe, or in some cases beneficial.
Now there are sophisticated tests that can detect poisons in the tiniest amount — not even enough to kill a mouse. Over the years the general public has been bombarded with half-correct newspaper reports of the increasing number of foods which detailed investigation has proved contain harmful substances in some degree. And so it came to pass that few foods could face the charge of toxicity with equanimity.
Gradually, I do believe, a still small voice has come to be heard amid the hubbub — the voice of common sense. Surprisingly, it was first heard in the United States. Prolonged tests on mice had shown that saccharin was — even to a minuscule degree — carcinogenic. A few years ago, such a finding would have led to public turmoil and the exclusion of all saccharin from the American scene. This time, however, there was a pause for reflection. If even a huge intake of saccharin could only be expected to give you cancer 70 or 80 years hence, did it really matter? Or should one insist on the government protecting one from being poisoned, not merely during one’s lifetime, but after one’s death as well?
Nitrosamines(亚硝酸) will undoubtedly poison you — if you take a poisonous dose. But when it was found recently that tiny traces can be detected in whisky, people kept their nerve and reckoned that, just as the minute amounts of gold which every schoolboy knows can be found in seawater do no one any good, so the picograms of nitrosamines did them no harm. I salute the dawn of common sense.
56. Not long ago people were under the impression that ___.
A. all food was potentially dangerous
B. half-digested food could be lethal
C. science would prove most foods to be unsuitable for humans
D. little was understood about poisons in our food
57. It now appears that ___.
A. for the past 20 years we have all been eating the wrong things
B. reports about certain harmful substances in food have been grossly exaggerated
C. people have lost their nerve when it comes to exercising their own judgment
D. only a few people are eating a well-balanced diet
58. The food phobia from which the ordinary person suffered was caused by ___.
A. an official insistence that people should be wary of what they were consuming
B. an awareness that all foods contain substantial amounts of harmful substances
C. an inability on the part of scientists to identify which substances were harmful and which were not
D. ignorance on the part of the general public and its legislators as to the real nature of toxic ingredients
59. It is a scientific fact that ___.
A. safe foods can contain minute amounts of toxic substances
B. foods hitherto considered safe are in fact lethal
C. even the smallest amount of poison can kill an animal
D. sophisticated tests prove that we should no longer eat food containing toxic substances
60. The author is optimistic that we are now beginning to realize that ___.
A. harmless substances, if taken in relatively small quantities can be fatal
B. substances like saccharin should be excluded from our diets
C. the quantities of poisonous substances found in food and drink do not seriously endanger our health
D. even schoolchildren can be the innocent victims of undetected poisoning
Passage Four
No doubt they married in church partly for the reason that many non-believes did and do, to please families. Neither his now Eileen’s lack of religious beliefs was of the aggressive kind, and he had a liking for the ceremonies and traditions of “the Church by law established”.
The occasion was very simple, Eileen and he walked down the road from the cottage together. George sprang over the churchyard wall so as to be standing inside the gate to pick up Eileen and carry her to the church door, having plainly got his folk-lore mixed up. Two of Eileen’s friends remembered things she told them much later: “After their wedding there was a lunch in a pub and George’s mother and sister took Eileen upstairs and told her they were very sorry for her, she was taking on something. She knew but she didn’t mind.” And somebody had given them a special pot of marmalade. Eileen put the pot on the table. George objected: it should be turned out into a jam dish. Eileen objected that they hadn’t got one, he said they must get one immediately. “This amused Eileen very much as George had warned her that they were going to live like the working class, but she discovered that there were a lot of respectable habits George thought very important.” George had furnished the cottage very plainly with a table or two, a few chairs and two bed-frames. Eileen brought curtains, cushions and covers, and she cooked for him substantially, with large English breakfasts to begin each day — rather as if she saw or feared a need to try to build him up. She did not, however, take much care of herself and no one yet saw any special need in the future. Her standards of comfort were also fairly simple, and she could easily adapt to strange circumstances, with a quite conscious amusement — which was as well, for the chimney smoked, the kitchen was inconvenient and few doors or window-frames fitted properly, so that it was bitterly cold, even in June. Some friends found their weekends there a test of their physical toughness.
Birds built their nests between the ceiling and the roof, and although their singing was delightful in the morning, at night they would sometimes stamp and struggle overhead like an arm of devils. “People think they are rats,” George told me with the characteristic smile he had whenever he was enjoying being mildly cruel, and expected you to be frightened and shocked.
Lydia Jackson saw that her friend was sacrificing her own chance of a career to looking after George (she even ran the poor little shop, a few village children asking for half-pennyworths of sweets) for she had to cut down her work for her surgeon brother: but she also noted that Eileen was no mere doormat. She stood up to George in things big and small, holding back his characteristic flights.
61. Eileen and George probably had a church wedding because they wanted to ___.
A. avoid complicated arrangements
B. avoid upsetting their relatives
C. go together to get married
D. show they were not quarrelsome
62. After the wedding Eileen was told ___.
A. married life would be difficult
B. things that her friends remembered later
C. how sorry her friends were for her
D. what a pity it was that the wedding was so dull
63. George said they must get a jam dish because he ___.
A. tended to say the opposite of Eileen
B. was afraid of living like workers
C. had a good sense of humor
D. liked to do some things the proper way
64. What were Eileen's feelings about her circumstances?
A. she had too much cooking to do
B. she found it too cold
C. she was too simple to understand her true situation
D. she did not worry
65. What was the effect of the birds?
A. they delighted visitors
B. they provided George with amusement
C. they damaged the house
D. they made friends want to leave
Passage Five
With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.
The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of University dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of ‘significant’ novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human sleuth, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.
Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.
66. The crime novel may be regarded as ___.
A. a not quite respectable form of the conventional novel
B. not a true novel at all
C. related in some ways to the historical novel
D. an independent development of the novel
67. According to a suggestion in the passage, detective-story readers feel guilty because ___.
A. they should be devoting all their attention to the problems of the world around them
B. they should have a more educated literary taste
C. they become aware that they too share some of the guilt of the criminal
D. they would hesitate to admit the considerable enjoyment they get from these stories
68. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as one of the similarities between the detective story and the thriller?
A. both have involved plots
B. both are condemned by modern critics
C. both are forms of escapist fiction
D. both demonstrate the triumph of right over wrong
69. One of the most incredible characteristics of the thriller plot is ___.
A. the eventual defeat of the villain
B. the type of society described
C. the effect of the story on the reader
D. the fact that the villain is clever
70. In what way are the detective story and the thriller unlike?
A. in introducing violence
B. in providing excitement and suspense
C. in appealing to the intellectual curiosity of the reader
D. in ensuring that everything comes right in the end
Passage Six
The comprehension passages on this course are designed to help you increase your reading speed. A higher reading rate, with no loss of comprehension, will help you in other subjects as well as English, and the general principles apply to any language. Naturally, you will not read every book at the same speed. You would expect to read a newspaper, for example, much more rapidly than a physics or economics textbook — but you can raise your average reading speed over the whole range of materials you wish to cover so that the percentage gain will be the same whatever kind of reading you are concerned with.
The reading passages which follow are all of an average level of difficulty for your stage of instruction. They are all approximately 500 words long. They are about topics of general interest which do not require a great deal of specialized knowledge.
Thus they fall between the kind of reading you might find in your textbooks and the much less demanding kind you will find in a newspaper or light novel. If you read this kind of English, with understanding, at, say, 400 words per minute, you might skim through a newspaper at perhaps 650~700, while with a difficult textbook you might drop to 200 or 250.
Perhaps you would like to know what reading speeds are common among native English-speaking university students and how those speeds can be improved. Tests in Minnesota, U.S.A., for example, have shown that students without special training can read English of average difficulty, for example War and Peace in translation, at speeds of between 240 and 250 w.p.m. with about 70% comprehension. Minnesota claims that after 12 half-hour lessons, one a week, the reading speed can be increased, with no loss of comprehension, to around 500 w.p.m. It is further claimed that with intensive training over seventeen weeks, speeds over 1000 w.p.m. can be reached, but this would be quite exceptional.
If you get to the point where you can read books of average difficulty at between 400 and 500 w.p.m. with 70% or more comprehension, you will be doing quite well, though of course any further improvement of speed-with-comprehension will be a good thing.
In this and the following three passages we shall be looking at some of the obstacles to faster reading and what we can do to overcome them. When you practise reading with passage shorter than book length, like the passages in this course, do not try to take in each word separately, one after the other. It is much more difficult to grasp the broad theme of the passage this way, and you will also get stuck on individual words which may not be absolutely essential to a general understanding of the passage. It is a good idea to skim through the passage very quickly first (say 500 words in a minute or so) to get the general idea of each paragraph. Titles, paragraph headings and emphasized words (underlined or in italics) can be a great help in getting this titles, introductions or paragraph headings. Can you, without looking back, remember the title of this passage and the heading of this paragraph?
71. A higher reading rate will help in other subjects as well as English ___.
A. provided there is no loss of understanding
B. only if in any other language
C. but not in any other language
D. though not as a general principle
72. You would expect to read a difficult economics textbook ___.
A. as fast as you read a newspaper
B. more slowly than you read a newspaper
C. more quickly than you read these passages
D. only very rarely
73. You can expect to read the passages on this course ___.
A. more quickly than you read your textbooks
B. more quickly than you read a newspaper
C. more slowly than you read your textbooks
D. faster than any other kind of material
74. The average untrained native speaker at the University of Minnesota ___.
A. reads 600 w.p.m.
B. reads at about 300 w.p.m.
C. cannot read difficult works in translation
D. reads at about 245 w.p.m.
75. Which of the following choices most adequately sums up the idea of the whole passage?
A. Advice on how to get a general idea of a piece of reading quickly.
B. The use of the title.
C. The disadvantage of too careful initial readings.
D. A guide to the reading speed you could aim for.
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 5 points)
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with twenty blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Cultures tend to favor either a past, present, __(76) future orientation with regard __(77) time. A future orientation, encompassing a preference for change is __(78) of American culture. The society encourages people to look __(79) the future __(80) to the past. Technological, social, and artistic trends change rapidly and affect people’s lifestyles and __(81) relationships.
__(82) this inclination toward change, it is not surprising that tradition plays a limited role in the American culture. Those who try to __(83) traditional patterns of living or thought may be seen __(84) rigid or “old-fashioned”. In a society where change is so rapid, it is not __(85) for every generation to __(86) a “generation gap”. Sometimes parents tuitions have had to __(87) contemporary needs of their followers. Folk singers in church services, women religious leaders, slang __(88) of the Bible, all reflect attempts made by traditional institutions to “keep up __(89) the times.”
High rate of change, particularly in urban areas, have __(90) to a focus the benefits of the future orientation are __(91) and progress which enable them to have a high standard of living. __(92) believe that high blood pressure and stomach ulcers are the results of such a lifestyle.
As individuals in a culture, we all have an intuitive understanding about __(93) we interact with others who have a different time orientation. __(94) that in another culture, life seems to proceed at either a slower or faster pace. __(95) how time is regulated, divided, and perceived can provide valuable insights into individuals and their cultures.
76.
A. and
B. or
C. as well as
D. but
77.
A. for
B. in
C. to
D. at
78.
A. character
B. characteristic
C. characterization
D. characteristically
79.
A. to
B. for
C. through
D. up
80.
A. but
B. rather than
C. and
D. as well as
81.
A. his
B. her
C. one’s
D. their
82.
A. Giving
B. Gave
C. Given
D. Being
83.
A. upright
B. against
C. uphold
D. yet
84.
A. as
B. like
C. for
D. at
85.
A. possible
B. likely
C. common
D. uncommon
86.
A. have
B. experience
C. go
D. see
87.
A. adapt for
B. adapt to
C. adapt
D. adapt with
88.
A. versions
B. way
C. method
D. approach
89.
A. with
B. along
C. to
D. toward
90.
A. resulted
B. lead
C. contributed
D. came
91.
A. interest
B. love
C. thoughts
D. achievement
92.
A. The other
B. Another
C. Others
D. Other
93.
A. when
B. until
C. while
D. if
94.
A. Although
B. In spite of
C. When
D. As long as
95.
A. While knowing
B. By knowing
C. If knowing
D. Knowing
Part V Error Detection (10 minutes, 5 points)
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
96. One of the widest (A) and most inaccessible (B) parts of the United States are (C) the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely (D) protected.
97. Wherever (A) we hear of a natural disaster, even (B) in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for (C) the people to have affected (D).
98. The (A) most successfully (B) advertisements are based on appeals to (C) universal human likes and dislikes (D).
99. The seeds of Darwin’s “The Origin of Species” were (A) sown during their (B) five-year (C) voyage on (D) the “Beagle”.
100. Not only oil and also (A) cattle are (B) symbols of (C) the great wealth of both Texas and (D) Oklahoma.
101. A radio telescope (A) is an instrument that (B) collects and measured (C) faint radio waves given off (D) by objects in space.
102. James’ counselor recommended that he took (A) a foreign language in his (B) freshman year instead of (C) waiting until (D) the following year.
103. Under (A) no circumstances we should (B) do anything that will benefit ourselves but (C) harm the interests (D) of the state.
104. Booth Tarkington’s writings were (A) very extremely (B) popular but (C) his conservative values soon (D) dated his works.
105. We’ve given him just (A) about everything he asked (B); whatever else [无法辨认] can (D) he want?
Part VI Short Answer Questions (15 minutes, 5 points)
Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions. Remember the questions can all be answered in one word or a short phrase.
Despite almost continuous gales and heavy snowfalls, the eight-man British Everest Winter Expedition has managed to establish its Camp III at a height of 23,500 ft. In a cable sent last week Joe Tasker describes how the team is coping with the severe conditions:
Winter has really taken hold on Everest. We have had bad weather ever since Christmas and our Camp II proved unusable as winds threatened to tear the tents from the mountain side. One was slashed open by a gust at six o’clock one morning and John Porter only saved his hands from frostbite by holding them in a pan of hot tea.
Frostbite is never far away and we have to watch for signs of numbness in the fingers and toes and keep our faces covered or turned away from the wind. Metal objects can only be handled with gloves to prevent the flesh sticking and burning from the cold. The Japanese expedition camped nearby has suffered badly. One team member was lost in a spell of severe weather and several others have frostbite. (The Japanese are since reported to have given up their attempt.)
During a short improvement in the weather Peter Thexton and I managed to move 1,000 ft above Camp II and dig through into a crevasse to make a snow cave. This now forms Camp III and is a secure haven against the worst weather. From here Adrian Burgess and I managed to reach 24,000 ft on the West Shoulder, giving us our first sight of the rest of the route and magnificent views of Nuptse, Lhotse and Everest’s South-West Face. The site where we plan to set up Camp IV could be seen along an easy but windswept ridge.
The secret of success seems to lie in establishing another snow cave as Camp IV at 25,000 ft.
Climbing in winter has proved every bit as harsh as we expected and progress is agonizingly slow. However, we have been allowed an extension of our Nepalese Government climbing permit to 15 February and a short spell of good weather should allow a summit attempt.
At present John Porter and Peter Thexton are occupying Camp III, Alan Burgess and Brian Hall are at Camp I, pinned down by hurricane force winds, and the rest of us are stuck at base camp waiting for a break in the weather.
106. How does frostbite first manifest itself?
107. Who did get frostbite?
108. Why is the information about the Japanese expedition’s withdrawal given in parenthesis?
109. How many men are at base camp at the time of writing?
110. How would describe the tone of the passage?
111. Why was Camp II abandoned?
112. Who nearly got frostbite?
113. Where was Camp III established?
114. Where is the proposed site of Camp IV?
115. What has been the worst of the weather?
Part VII Translation (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
116. 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。
117. 建立这些大型钢铁厂会大大加速我国钢铁工业的发展。
118. 我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。
119. 许多代表激动地说：“我们从来没有看见过这样光明的前途。”
120. 我同样认为，欧洲应该日益团结起来，并且用一个共同的声音说话，这是符合全世界的利益的。
Part VIII Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: While some people believe that their lives improve in proportion to the amount of money that they have, other people claim that money is not always the road to happiness. Write a composition of no less than 200 words on the subject, stating which view do you agree with? In the first part of your writing you should present your statement and in the second part you should support the statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion. Marks will be awarded for organization as well as for syntactic variety and appropriate word choice. Remember to write your composition neatly.
Section 2
Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Write the answer on the answer sheet.
Cancer is so common these days that it seems as if everyone will eventually get the disease. And with the recent __16__ of genes for breast, colon and ovarian cancer, you may think there’s __17__ you can do to prevent the inevitable.
But that’s far from true. __18__, Harvard University researchers recently reported that __19__ seven out of every 10 cancers are not __20__ by genes at all but rather by the way we live. Thirty percent can be __21__ directly to smoking. 30 percent to an unhealthy __22__ and about 10 percent to other habits such as sun exposure or lack of __23__.
So if your lifestyle can cause cancer, it __24__ that how you live can help prevent the disease, __25__. Here’s the latest advice on the best ways to __26__ your risk right now.
Recent research show a(n) __27__ between body weight and cancer. The strongest link is with uterine cancer, __28__ because extra body fat increases the amount of estrogen in the bloodstream. According to the 1996 Harvard Report, women who are more than 35 percent __29__ their healthy weight have a 55 percent __30__ risk of getting cancers.
16.
A. discovery
B. evidence
C. invention
D. solution
17.
A. anything
B. nothing
C. something
D. much
18.
A. In fact
B. Furthermore
C. Nevertheless
D. After all
19.
A. scarcely
B. basically
C. completely
D. nearly
20.
A. influenced
B. determined
C. identified
D. subdivide
21.
A. traced
B. translated
C. transmitted
D. trailed
22.
A. food
B. custom
C. cure
D. diet
23.
A. distraction
B. nourishment
C. training
D. exercise
24.
A. proves
B. follows
C. maintains
D. emphasizes
25.
A. either
B. though
C. then
D. too
26.
A. descent
B. submit
C. lower
D. deduce
27.
A. connection
B. dependence
C. exception
D. framework
28.
A. probably
B. approximately
C. beyond
D. above
29.
A. beneath
B. around
C. beyond
D. above
30.
A. less
B. more
C. slight
D. greater