天津师范大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

天津师范大学
2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.
1.
A. They are twins
B. They are classmates
C. They are friends
D. They are colleagues

2.
A. Detective stories
B. Stories about jail escapes
C. Love stories
D. Stories about royal families

3.
A. She takes it as a kind of exercise
B. She wants to save money
C. She loves doing anything that is new
D. Her office isn’t very far

4.
A. To put him through to the director
B. To have a talk with the director about his work
C. To arrange an appointment for him with the director
D. To go and see if the director can meet him right now

5.
A. It is difficult to identify
B. It has been misplaced
C. It is missing
D. It has been borrowed by someone

6.
A. Looking for a timetable
B. Buying some furniture
C. Reserving a table
D. Window shopping

7.
A. $1.40
B. $4.30
C. $6.40
D. $8.60

8.
A. Collect papers for the man
B. Do the typing once again
C. Check the paper for typing errors
D. Read the whole newspaper

9.
A. The woman insists on going out
B. The woman doesn’t like watching TV
C. The man promised her a gift on her birthday
D. The man is too tired to go out

10.
A. The weather is mild compared to the past years
B. They are having the coldest winter ever
C. The weather will soon get warmer
D. The weather may get even colder

Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear 5 questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.
A. Yesterday
B. Shortly before Christmas
C. Today
D. Soon after Christmas

12.
A. She was found stealing in a bookstore
B. She caught someone in the act of stealing
C. She admitted having stolen something
D. She said she was wrongly accused of stealing

13.
A. A book
B. $3,000
C. A handbag
D. Some candles

14.
A. The police searched her clothes for the claimed stolen things
B. She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes
C. She was insulted by the shopper around her
D. The store manager questioned her

15.
A. They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town
B. They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing
C. They still suspected that she’d been trying to steal something
D. They agreed to pay her $3,000 damages

Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.
A. A car outside the supermarket
B. A car at the bottom of the hill
C. Paul’s car
D. The sports car

17.
A. Inside the car
B. At the foot of the hill
C. In the garage
D. In the supermarket

18.
A. The driver of the sports car
B. The two girls inside the car
C. The bus driver
D. Paul

19.
A. Nobody
B. The two girls
C. The man standing nearby
D. The salesman from London

20.
A. Never leave small kids alone in the car
B. Always remember to lock your car when you park it somewhere
C. Always put on the handbrake when parking your car on a slope
D. Care your own business if you don’t want to get in trouble

Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Career Site’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.
21. How did Redmon find his job?
A. By searching openings in a job database
B. By posting a matching position in a database
C. By using a special service of a database
D. By e-mailing his resume to a database

22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
A. Lack of counseling
B. Limited number of visits
C. Lower efficiency
D. Fewer successful matches

23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ______.
A. advisory
B. compensation
C. interaction
D. reminder

24. Why does Career Site’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
A. To focus on better job matches
B. To attract more returning visits
C. To reserve space for more messages
D. To increase the rate of success

25. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters
B. Some sites keep e-mailing job seekers to trace their demands
C. Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed
D. Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed

Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day,” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.
26. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ______.
A. can be modified in their courses
B. are susceptible to emotional changes
C. reflect our innermost desires and fears
D. are a random outcome of neural repairs

27. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ______.
A. its function in our dreams
B. the mechanism of REM sleep
C. the relation of dreams to emotions
D. its difference from the prefrontal cortex

28. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ______.
A. aggravate in our unconscious mind
B. develop into happy dreams
C. persist till the time we fall asleep
D. show up in dreams early at night

29. Cartwright seems to suggest that ______.
A. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
B. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
C. dreams should be left to their natural progression
D. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

30. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
A. Lead your life as usual
B. Seek professional help
C. Exercise conscious control
D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime

Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said, “She’s the talker in our family.” The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “It’s true,” he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t keep the conversation going, we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”
This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: “He doesn’t listen to me.” “He doesn’t talk to me.” I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.
In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.
31. What is most wives’ main expectation of their husbands?
A. Talking to them
B. Trusting them
C. Supporting their careers
D. Sharing housework

32. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means ______.
A. generating motivation
B. exerting influence
C. causing damage
D. creating pressure

33. All of the following are true EXCEPT ______.
A. men tend to talk more in public than women
B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation
C. women attach much importance to communication between couples
D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

34. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?
A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists
B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities
C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage
D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different

35. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______.
A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk
B. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon
C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.
D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classic case of paralysis by analysis.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
36. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ______.
A. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant
C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

37. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ______.
A. a protector
B. a judge
C. a critic
D. a guide

38. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Line 3, Paragraph 4)?
A. Endless studies kill action
B. Careful investigation reveals truth
C. Prudent planning hinders progress
D. Extensive research helps decision-making

39. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?
A. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants
B. Raise public awareness of conservation
C. Press for further scientific research
D. Take some legislative measures

40. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ______.
A. they both suffered from the government’s negligence
B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
D. both of them have turned from bad to worse

Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
41. The cell phone includes a mechanical device that can make it ______ when it would otherwise ring for an incoming call or an alarm.
A. vibrate
B. shake
C. alarm
D. sparkle

42. ______ teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions.
A. Correlated
B. Automated
C. Incorporated
D. Prototyped

43. The allies suffered less than 20 ______ while enemy losses were said to be high.
A. casualties
B. consequences
C. calamities
D. severities

44. The police ______ him about his movements at the line of the crime.
A. chuckled
B. blurted
C. grilled
D. pried

45. If a girl’s eyes ______ when she looks at you, it means she is interested in you.
A. glitter
B. sparkle
C. flash
D. flicker

46. I got several lengthy phone calls from ______ employers who were very interested in me.
A. prospective
B. rewarding
C. generous
D. monotonous

47. Glass ______ provide a useful function in sectioning off and enclosing an area when the desired effect is to maintain visual transparency.
A. separations
B. segregations
C. partitions
D. isolations

48. Christians ______ Jesus was a real character, but some today have their doubts.
A. historical
B. historic
C. history
D. historian

49. The waters were rising about the rock and would soon ______ it.
A. flood
B. submerge
C. underrate
D. yield

50. His back injury has ______ him unfit for work, so he has no alternative but to live on relief payment.
A. rendered
B. devastated
C. reckoned
D. hindered

51. Poor conditions, bad housing, unemployment and racism take their ______ on black people’s mental health.
A. risk
B. harm
C. toll
D. chance

52. If the Americans with their peace talks do get the parties together, their first business will be to arrange a ______ so that food can move.
A. truth
B. trace
C. truce
D. trap

53. Peter knew clearly that he was not strong enough to replace his boss. He reasoned, therefore, that he must ______ his time.
A. hide
B. ride
C. slide
D. bide

54. The extremely ______ trade in endangered species is proving irresistible to countries in grave currency crisis.
A. lucrative
B. approximate
C. ambitious
D. prospective

55. The radioactivity to which they were exposed was so powerful that the dead men’s bodies were themselves a radiation ______.
A. bumper
B. fatality
C. hazard
D. expansion

56. What you overheard that day did have something to do with Martin ______.
A. in a way
B. in the way
C. on the way
D. out of the way

57. Trying military wrongdoers may annoy the armed forces, and ______ a fresh conflict.
A. proliferate
B. provoke
C. nurture
D. proclaim

58. The banknotes which had fooled many bank tellers were discovered to be ______.
A. artificial
B. defective
C. counterfeit
D. faulty

59. All transactions are strictly ______, and we never sell, rent or trade any customer’s name.
A. considerable
B. confident
C. considerate
D. confidential

60. Your kindness in giving ______ to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated.
A. priority
B. advantage
C. importance
D. authority

Part IV Cloze Test (10 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the page. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Do you know what a resolution is? It’s a promise. Most promises are made (61)______ other people (“Mom, I promise I’ll tidy my room when I get back from the beach.”). (62)______ resolutions are promises that you make to yourself. And New Year’s resolutions are resolutions that people make at the beginning of the year in the (63)______ that they will improve their lives. Some people write down their resolutions to remember them. But (64)______ the resolution is important enough, you (65)______ have to write it down to remember it.
There are different kinds of resolutions. Some relate to (66)______ health such as starting a workout program or (67)______ the amount of junk food that you eat. Many have to do with self improvement, such as (68)______ a hobby like painting or photography, or learning a musical instrument. Then there are resolutions that have to do with being better organized. (69)______ here might include using a weekly planner or organizing your school notes into folders.
Despite these differences, there is one thing that most resolutions have (70)______. People hardly ever keep them. The resolutions are too difficult to keep. Or people simply forget. For this reason, some people argue that the best resolution is simply not to make any resolutions!
61.
A. for
B. by
C. to
D. with

62.
A. However
B. Nevertheless
C. likewise
D. incidentally

63.
A. resolve
B. assumption
C. pledge
D. hope

64.
A. as
B. if
C. though
D. because

65.
A. shouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. wouldn’t

66.
A. normal
B. mental
C. public
D. physical

67.
A. determining
B. increasing
C. limiting
D. retaining

68.
A. taking up
B. giving up
C. holding down
D. laying down

69.
A. Exceptions
B. Examples
C. Samples
D. Variations

70.
A. in conclusion
B. in diversity
C. in common
D. in favor

Part V Translation and Writing
Section A (10 points)
Directions: For this section, you are to translate the following passage into Chinese. You should write your Chinese translation in the corresponding space on Answer Sheet.
The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we do not stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people.
The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.
Section B (10 points)
Directions: For this section, you are to write a composition of at least 150 words on the topic GOOD HEALTH. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below.
OUTLINE:
1. Importance of good health
2. Ways to keep fit
3. My own practices
Good Health

参考答案及详解
答案速查
Part I Listening Comprehension: （暂缺）
Part II Reading Comprehension: 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.D 30.A
31.A 32.C 33.B 34.D 35.B 36.C 37.D 38.A 39.D 40.B
Part III Vocabulary and Structure: 41.A 42.B 43.A 44.C 45.B 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.B 50.A
51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.D 56.A 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.A
Part IV Cloze Test: 61.C 62.A 63.D 64.C 65.C 66.D 67.C 68.A 69.B 70.C
Part II Reading Comprehension 详解
21. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.” 可知Redmon是通过使用数据库的特别服务找到工作的，C项正确。
22. 【答案】A 【解析】细节事实题。第三段提到“There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” 即搜索代理缺乏职业咨询，A项正确。
23. 【答案】D 【解析】词义题。第三段“when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again” 表明tip service即reminder，D项正确。
24. 【答案】B 【解析】细节事实题。第四段首句“Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return.” 说明提供三个工作选择是为了吸引更多回访，B项正确。
25. 【答案】C 【解析】细节事实题。末段“Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile.” 说明个人搜索代理对已有工作者也有用，C项正确。
26. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。第一段“these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control” 以及“If you don’t like it, change it.” 说明梦的过程可以改变，A项正确。
27. 【答案】C 【解析】细节事实题。第二段提到边缘系统（情绪脑）特别活跃，目的是说明梦与情感的关系，C项正确。
28. 【答案】D 【解析】细节事实题。第三段“Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.” 说明白天的负面情绪在夜间早期的梦中出现，D项正确。
29. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。第四段“And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.” 说明做梦未必完全属于无意识状态，D项正确。
30. 【答案】A 【解析】细节事实题。末段“For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.” 说明偶尔做噩梦的人照常生活即可，A项正确。
31. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。第一段“women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them” 说明妻子对丈夫的主要期望是交谈，A项正确。
32. 【答案】C 【解析】词义题。第二段“this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage” 结合下文多数女性将缺乏交流作为离婚原因，可推断wreaking havoc意为“造成破坏”，C项正确。
33. 【答案】B 【解析】细节事实题。第三段“Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent” 是说目前离婚率近50%，并非说50%的离婚由交谈失败造成，B项与原文不符，为正确答案。
34. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。全文围绕夫妻间对话模式的差异展开，D项正确。
35. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。末段描述了“stereotypical cartoon”，接下来最可能详细描述该漫画，B项正确。
36. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。第一段“the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life” 说明吸烟支持者认为人们有选择自己生活方式的自由，C项正确。
37. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。第二段“But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future.” 说明科学可作为向导，D项正确。
38. 【答案】A 【解析】词义题。第四段“Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classic case of paralysis by analysis.” 说明无休止的研究阻碍了行动，A项正确。
39. 【答案】D 【解析】细节事实题。末段“If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.” 说明政府应采取立法措施，D项正确。
40. 【答案】B 【解析】细节事实题。作者将全球变暖与吸烟类比，说明从后者吸取的教训适用于前者，B项正确。
Part III Vocabulary and Structure 详解
41. 【答案】A 【解析】动词词义辨析。vibrate “振动”；shake “摇动”；alarm “警告，闹铃”；sparkle “闪耀，活跃”。手机不会响铃时会振动，故选A。
42. 【答案】B 【解析】形容词词义辨析。Correlated “相互关系的”；Automated “自动的，机械化的”；Incorporated “合并的”；Prototyped “原型的”。Automated teller machines为“自动取款机”，B项正确。
43. 【答案】A 【解析】名词词义辨析。casualties “伤亡，伤亡人员”；consequences “后果，影响”；calamities “灾害”；severities “严重”。根据后半句“enemy losses”对比，A项正确。
44. 【答案】C 【解析】动词词义辨析。chuckled “轻声笑着”；blurted “未加思索着说出口”；grilled “炙烤，拷问”；pried “撬动，撬开”。at the line of the crime意为“犯罪现场”，C项正确。
45. 【答案】B 【解析】动词词义辨析。glitter “闪光，（眼睛）闪现，流露（某种强烈感情）”；sparkle “闪耀，发光，（眼睛）发亮，闪耀（尤因快乐或兴奋）”；flash “闪光，反射，（尤指眼睛因突如其来的情感而）闪耀”；flicker “闪耀”。sparkle表示有兴奋、快乐的含义，B项正确。
46. 【答案】D 【解析】形容词词义辨析。prospective “未来的，预期的”；rewarding “有益的，值得的，有报酬的”；generous “慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous “乏味的，单调的，无抑扬顿挫的”。根据主句中的lengthy，对应D项。
47. 【答案】C 【解析】名词词义辨析。separations “分色”；segregations “隔离，分离”；partitions “划分，分隔物”；isolations “隔离，孤立，绝缘”。glass partition为“玻璃墙，玻璃隔板”，C项正确。
48. 【答案】A 【解析】同形词辨析。historical “历史的，史学的，历史上著名的”；historic “有历史意义的（event or act）”；history “历史”；historian “历史学家”。根据句意，A项正确。
49. 【答案】B 【解析】动词词义辨析。flood “淹没（大片区域），溢出”；submerge “淹没（某个物体），浸没”；underrate “低估，看轻”；yield “屈服，投降”。淹没的是岩石，故B项正确。
50. 【答案】A 【解析】动词词义辨析。rendered “提出，描绘，放弃，归还，宣布”；devastated “毁坏，摧毁”；reckoned “测算，估计，认为”；hindered “阻碍，牵制”。render有“使得……”的用法，相当于make，故A正确。
51. 【答案】B 【解析】名词词义辨析。risk “冒险，风险”；harm “伤害”；toll “通行费，代价，伤亡人数”；chance “机会，可能性”。take one’s harm on为“对……有害”，B项正确。
52. 【答案】C 【解析】名词词义辨析。truth “真理，事实”；trace “痕迹，踪迹”；truce “停战，休战”；trap “陷阱，圈套”。根据句意，C项正确。
53. 【答案】D 【解析】同形词辨析。hide “隐藏”；ride “骑，乘坐”；slide “滑动”；bide “等待，面临，禁得起”。bide one’s time为固定搭配，意为“等待时机”，D项正确。
54. 【答案】A 【解析】形容词词义辨析。lucrative “有利可图的，赚钱的，合算的”；approximate “近似的，大概的”；ambitious “有野心的，有雄心的”；prospective “未来的，展望的，预期的”。根据后半句，A项正确。
55. 【答案】D 【解析】名词词义辨析。bumper “缓冲器，保险杠”；fatality “死亡，宿命，致命性，不幸，灾祸”；hazard “危险，冒险”；expansion “膨胀，扩张”。根据句意，D项正确。
56. 【答案】A 【解析】词组辨析。in a way “在某种程度上，有点儿”；in the way “妨碍，挡道”；on the way “在途中”；out of the way “偏僻的，不同寻常的，不挡道”。根据句意，A项合适。
57. 【答案】B 【解析】动词词义辨析。proliferate “激增，扩散”；provoke “驱使，激起”；nurture “养育，教养”；proclaim “宣告，公布，声明”。动作对象是“新的矛盾”，B项更为合适。
58. 【答案】C 【解析】形容词词义辨析。artificial “人造的，仿造的”；defective “有缺陷的，不完美的”；counterfeit “假冒的，伪造的”；faulty “有错误的，有缺点的”。假钞专用counterfeit，C项正确。
59. 【答案】D 【解析】同形词辨析。considerable “相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的”；confident “自信的，确信的”；considerate “体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的”；confidential “机密的，表示信任的”。根据句意，D项正确。
60. 【答案】A 【解析】名词词义辨析。priority “优先，优先权”；advantage “优点，优势”；importance “价值，重大”；authority “权威，权力，当局”。give priority to为“对……优先”，A项正确。
Part IV Cloze Test 详解
61. 【答案】C 【解析】词组搭配。make promises to为“向……许诺”，C项正确。
62. 【答案】A 【解析】连词辨析。However “然而”；Nevertheless “尽管如此，然而”；likewise “同样地，照样地”；incidentally “顺便提一下，偶然地”。句意为“然而，决心，就是你对自己的存心”，A项正确。
63. 【答案】D 【解析】名词辨析。resolve “坚决，决定要做的事”；assumption “假定，设想”；pledge “保证，誓言”；hope “希望”。新年决心就是人们在一年之初，想使他们生活更好的希望，D项正确。
64. 【答案】C 【解析】连词辨析。前后为转折关系，“虽然决心足够重要，但是你不必一定把它写下来”，C项正确。
65. 【答案】C 【解析】动词辨析。mustn’t意为“不必”，符合句意，C项正确。
66. 【答案】D 【解析】形容词辨析。根据such as之后举例“开始锻炼……”，可知physical health “身体健康”正确，D项正确。
67. 【答案】C 【解析】动词辨析。limit the amount of junk “限制垃圾食品”正确，C项正确。
68. 【答案】A 【解析】动词词组辨析。taking up “开始从事，占据”；giving up “放弃”；holding down “压制，限制”；laying down无此词组。根据句意，开始业余绘画，A项正确。
69. 【答案】B 【解析】名词辨析。Exceptions “免责条款”；Examples “例子”；Samples “样品”；Variations “变化”。缺空处之后为举例说明，B项正确。
70. 【答案】C 【解析】词组辨析。have ... in common “有共同之处”，C项正确。
Part V Translation and Writing 参考译文与参考范文
Section A（英译汉）参考译文：
此次在上海与会的国家元首们都意识到当前正处于危急关头。如果我们现在不采取措施打击恐怖主义，那么总有一天每个国家都会成为恐怖分子袭击的目标。我们要摧毁恐怖分子的一切联络组织，无论他在何地。我们要为全世界人民创造长远的繁荣昌盛和幸福生活。
泛太平洋国家决定对外开放，这是我们这个时代最伟大的进步。与20年前相比，泛太平洋地区的人民现在的生活要更加繁荣，更加健康，受教育程度也越高。这些进步充分证明，对外开放成果显著。
Section B 参考范文：
Good Health
Health is most important for any of us, concerning life, study and work. In order to stay healthy, we need some common knowledge.
In my opinion, walking is the easiest and most economical kind of sport. Unlike running and other sports, it can be achieved by anyone at any time with no need of special facilities. Walking, as a wonderful and pleasant sport, can make the elderly keep their vigorous energy and prolong their lives. Walking is of significance to man’s health. It makes active almost every system of the body and promotes normal metabolism. Meanwhile, walking helps the brain to maintain a high level of alertness. Surprisingly, recent study reveals another effect of this sport—that is to keep fit and lose weight.
As to me, to achieve a maximum effect, some walking instructions should also be followed. If walking is for training purpose, then parks or places with plants are preferred. Besides, it is highly recommended that exercises are taken in the evening rather than in the morning.