西南政法大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

西南政法大学2010年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

考试科目：英语（100分）
考生注意：请在答题纸上答题，在试题上答题不给分。
试题和答题同时交回，否则成绩无效。

Part I Vocabulary (10 points)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
1. To _____ the risk of theft, install a good alarm system.
A. decrease
B. minimize
C. limit
D. eliminate

2. I don’t have the key, so I have to use _____ to open this locked door.
A. strength
B. vigor
C. energy
D. force

3. The scene is so beautiful that it _____ my power of description.
A. ascends
B. descends
C. transcends
D. overtakes

4. I have heard that you are going to _____ the boss’s job when she retires.
A. put up with
B. put in for
C. put out to
D. put in on

5. The _____ wind in this area is from the northeast.
A. prevailing
B. controlling
C. reigning
D. persisting

6. Working far away from his home, he had to _____ from Oxford to London every day.
A. commute
B. wander
C. ramble
D. motion

7. Lacking _____ political goals, the two parties quarreled.
A. intricate
B. coherent
C. intrinsic
D. distinct

8. If you get into a bath full of water, some of the water will _____ onto the floor.
A. overlap
B. overflow
C. flourish
D. flutter

9. If she _____ her efforts, she will succeed.
A. goes on
B. retains
C. holds into
D. maintains

10. Whether their football team will win is a matter of _____ to me.
A. indifference
B. discrimination
C. deviation
D. interests

11. Fortunately, the young man got a/an _____ worth a large sum of money from his uncle a year later.
A. hierarchy
B. hemisphere
C. heritage
D. heir

12. You are too emotionally involved in that situation to be _____ about it.
A. optimistic
B. subjective
C. objective
D. pessimistic

13. The journal contains a _____ on biological problems of the day.
A. seminar
B. lecture
C. symposium
D. syntheses

14. This article opens and closes with descriptions of two new reports, each making one major point _____ the other.
A. in honor of
B. in accordance with
C. in contrast with
D. in agreement with

15. My son always likes to play in the _____ of tree in summer.
A. shadow
B. shade
C. darkness
D. obscurity

16. The _____ in industry resulted in a lot of unemployment.
A. recipe
B. recession
C. prosperity
D. recognition

17. Father gave us _____ consent to take the apples for he smiled when he saw us do it.
A. explicit
B. implicit
C. ambiguous
D. negative

18. Most people in the north wanted to _____ slavery while the slave owners of the south held that slavery should be allowed.
A. extinguish
B. vanish
C. abolish
D. withdraw

19. Don’t smoke in the meeting room. The smoke _____ my eyes.
A. disturbs
B. bothers
C. upsets
D. irritates

20. A window in the kitchen was _____, there was rubbish everywhere, and the curtains and carpets had been stolen.
A. scattered
B. scraped
C. scratched
D. smashed

Part II Cloze (10 points)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
If leadership, as its most basic meaning, (21)_____ getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leader’s (22)_____ tools. Many executives have assumed that this tool is (23)_____ their grasp, available only (24)_____ the charismatic and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, (25)_____ experimental psychologists have (26)_____ which methods reliably lead people to (27)_____, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied.
The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar (28)_____ them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, (29)_____ peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them as well. So it is (30)_____ the time to uncover real similarities and offer (31)_____ praise. Third, experiments (32)_____ the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. It’s a (33)_____ policy to do a favor (34)_____ seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and (35)_____. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do (36)_____ experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that it’s (37)_____. Finally, people want more of a commodity (38)_____ it’s scarce; it (39)_____, then, that (40)_____ information is more persuasive than widely available data.

21.
A. consists in
B. consists of
C. constitutes of
D. composes of

22.
A. fundamental
B. rudimentary
C. elementary
D. essential

23.
A. beyond
B. within
C. in
D. out

24.
A. with
B. for
C. to
D. at

25.
A. though
B. although
C. even though
D. but

26.
A. studied
B. learned
C. examined
D. investigated

27.
A. cede
B. concede
C. recede
D. retreat

28.
A. with
B. for
C. to
D. at

29.
A. register
B. list
C. enlist
D. enroll

30.
A. worth
B. worth of
C. worth with
D. worthy

31.
A. authentic
B. genuine
C. real
D. true

32.
A. affirm
B. confirm
C. testify
D. verify

33.
A. best
B. correct
C. sound
D. valid

34.
A. as
B. while
C. after
D. before

35.
A. explicitly
B. implicitly
C. exultantly
D. introspectively

36.
A. deny
B. defer to
C. confer to
D. refer to

37.
A. self-contained
B. self-possessed
C. self-opinionated
D. self-evident

38.
A. where
B. when
C. whether
D. even if

39.
A. obeys
B. abides
C. follows
D. happens

40.
A. exclusive
B. inclusive
C. scarce
D. reliable

Part III Reading Comprehension (20 points)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Passage 1
Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back far as the reptiles.
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed castor dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?
Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal’s vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wiles Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.

41. According to the passage, the phenomenon of sleep is common to which of the following groups of living beings?
A. All-ancient animals.
B. Primates only.
C. Four-footed beasts only.
D. Most mammals and birds

42. The author states that during dream sleep, the animal sleeps _____.
A. without moving
B. shallowly
C. intermittently
D. on its side

43. The author suggests that, because there are no hiding places in the oceans, whales and dolphins _____.
A. sleep only when they are very young
B. cannot afford to sleep very much
C. usually dream while awake
D. take turns sleeping

44. The author implies that, if they did not sleep, babies of hunting animals might _____.
A. be more aware of danger
B. make noise at the wrong times
C. fail to grow properly
D. be able to catch more food

Passage 2
Fingerprints, one of the great deciders of innocence or guilt in criminal charges, are now in the dock themselves. This is because of a growing number of claims from defendants that their prints have been “lifted” and planted at scenes of crimes. And these allegations are being taken seriously by lawyers, judges and policemen because it is possible to move a fingerprint from one spot and place it elsewhere.
With one of the cornerstones of evidence now being placed in doubt a committee of criminal lawyers is carrying out an inquiry into fingerprinting. The investigation has been ordered by Justice, the prestigious legal organization, and a report is due early next year. Last night a spokesman for Justice said: “There are an increasing number of cases where people are claiming their prints have been transferred and put on incriminating objects. We are not aiming to establish if these allegations are true or not, but we are questioning current fingerprinting methods as part of a general investigation into scientific evidence. Some of Britain’s top criminal lawyers are worried about this increasing number of claims.”
How can a fingerprint be transferred? A finger mark left on a greasy glass or some other smooth surface can be “lifted” with a strip of adhesive. It can then be deposited on another, perhaps incriminating object. Accusations about “planted prints” were first put up at an old Baileg IRA bomb trial nine years ago without success. Fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be dusted down with fine powder, photographed for identification purposes, then the pictures and objects carrying the prints were produced in court.
However, since 1973 a new method of taking prints has been generally used in Britain. Police experts now use a strip of adhesive tape to lift a print which is then produced in court as evidence. Before 1973 the object on which the prints were found—a little dagger or a gun—used to be shown in court as well. This is no longer necessary. As a result criminals are claiming that their prints have been “lifted” and planted elsewhere. According to ex-chief Superintendent Squires, lifting a mark and transferring it to another object “requires great skill and trouble.” He added: “It’s almost impossible but it can be done. It can usually be easily detected by someone like me, but there is a chance that even I may not be able to tell.”

45. Fingerprints have traditionally been regarded as _____.
A. the only proof of a suspected criminal’s innocence or guilt
B. one of many proofs of a suspected criminal’s innocence or guilt
C. no proof of a suspected criminal’s innocence or guilt
D. a key proof of a suspected criminal’s innocence or guilt

46. The investigation into fingerprinting is _____.
A. to prove that policemen have been behaving dishonestly
B. to establish the truth of the allegations
C. part of a wider investigation
D. to allay the fears of some top criminal lawyers

47. The passage suggests that _____.
A. some of the allegations against fingerprinting are justified
B. transferring fingerprints is too much trouble for most policemen
C. transferring fingerprints is a very delicate operation
D. it is likely that some policemen transfer fingerprints

48. Since 1973, _____.
A. fingerprints at the scene of a crime have been dusted down with fine powder and photographed.
B. it has been necessary to produce in court the objects on which the prints were found
C. there have been successful claims against police fingerprinting methods in the United States and Great Britain.
D. police fingerprinting methods have been simplified

Passage 3
No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct; it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.
On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is no intermediate trench the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them. Atlantic theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.
Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth’s surface and seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.

49. According to the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basins, which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates?
A. Spreading of ocean trenches.
B. Movement of mid-ocean ridges.
C. Sinking of ocean basins.
D. Differences in temperature under oceans and continents.

50. The author refers to a “conveyor belt” (Lines 5, Para. 1) in order to _____.
A. Illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle.
B. show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continent
C. demonstrate the linearity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
D. describe the complicated motions made possibly by back coupling

51. The author regards the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basin _____.
A. guarded skepticism
B. absolute indifference
C. indignant anger
D. complete disbelief

52. According to the passage, which of the following are separated by a plate that is growing on both sides?
A. The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan.
B. The South Atlantic Ridge and the North Sea Ridge.
C. The Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic Ridge.
D. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge.

Passage 4
The promise of finding long-term technological solutions to the problem of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill. Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized, such as fish-protein concentrate and protein from algae grown on petroleum substrates, has since fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible, but they proved to be economically unviable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers. Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize, Antarctic krill, and the wheat-rye triticale seem more promising, but it is too early to predict their ultimate fate.
One characteristic common to unsuccessful food innovations has been that, even with extensive government support, they often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they had been developed. A successful new technology, therefore, must fit the entire socio-cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, palatability, and costs are much more significant than had previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies. For example, the better protein quality in tortillas made from opaque-2 maize will be of only limited benefit to a family on the margin of subsistence if the new maize is not culturally acceptable or is more vulnerable to insects.
The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations; economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation. Economists in the Anglo-American tradition have taken the lead in investigating the economics of technological innovation. Although they exaggerate in claiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical change—they completely disregard the substantial effects of culture—they are correct in stressing the importance of profits. Most technological innovations in agriculture can be fully used only by large landowners and are only adopted if these profit-oriented business people believe that the innovation will increase their incomes.

53. It can be inferred from the passage that the author was able to assess the truth of which of the following statements about opaque-2 maize?
A. It can be stored as easily as other varieties of maize.
B. It is more popular than the wheat-rye hybrid triticale.
C. It produces tortillas of greater protein content than do other varieties of maize.
D. It is more susceptible to insects than are other varieties of maize.

54. The passage mentions all of the following as factors important to the success of a new food crop EXCEPT the _____.
A. practicality of storage of the crop
B. security of the crop yield
C. quality of the crop’s protein
D. cultural acceptability of the crop

55. According to the passage, the use of Antarctic krill as a food is an innovation whose future is _____.
A. basically gloomy but still uncertain
B. somewhat promising but very tentative
C. generally bright and virtually assured
D. tied to the success of opaque-2 maize

56. The first paragraph of the passage best supports which of the following statements?
A. Too much publicity can harm the chances for the success of a new food innovation.
B. Innovations that produce culturally acceptable crops will generally be successful.
C. A food-product innovation can be technically feasible and still not be economically viable.
D. It is difficult to decide whether a food-product innovation has actually been a success.

Passage 5
We live in an unusual time with corporate downsizing, restructuring, and the increase in global competition. Some view these times as problematic, others see the incredible opportunities created by such change.
In the last decade there has been a huge growth in home-based and service-industry businesses. These businesses have been started by individuals with the courage to pursue their dreams. Yet, for every idea that is implemented, thousands of ideas never get beyond the conceptual stage from the imagination to a plan of action.
What holds people back from pursuing their dreams and actions on their great ideas? I believe it’s fear of failure. Someone once said “there are a lot of ways to become a failure, but never taking a chance is the most successful way.” I’ve also heard it said that people don’t plan to fail they fail to plan.
Companies these days must be willing to and able to change constantly. Sometimes companies change course to survive, and sometimes they do so because an opportunity is too good to resist. I know of a small company that provided a messenger service several years ago. A sudden major increase in corporate use of fax machines nearly put this small company out of business. Fortunately, the owner of the company was astute enough to realize other global corporate trends happening at the same time. As those companies were acquiring fax machines, square footage of office space was decreasing, generating a need for more offsite space. The owner shifted gears from offering a messenger service to providing an offsite records storage service, and soon business was booming once again.
It all comes down to perspective. When there was a downturn in the economy, some people could say to themselves, “This is terrible! With the downturn in the economy, nobody will have a budget for my services.” OR… while others thought, “This is great! With the tightening of the budget and the loss of support staff, there’s an even greater need for executives, professionals, and entrepreneurs to be more productive and effective, which is precisely what I’m here to help them do!”
As important as positive mental attitude is, Stone says that “there is something more important than believing. Action! The world is full of dreamers, there aren’t enough who will move ahead and begin to take concrete steps to actualize their vision.”

57. The main reason for an increase in businesses in the past ten years is _____.
A. the increase in global competition
B. the incredible opportunities in the world
C. that individuals are courageous to take the risk
D. that more people try to realize their goals

58. The most effective way of becoming a failure is _____.
A. never pursuing a dream
B. never taking an opportunity
C. never making a plan
D. never failing to plan

59. The author uses the example in Paragraph 4 to illustrate that _____.
A. companies should make constant changes to meet the competition in order to survive.
B. it all comes down to perspective
C. an idea can be the root of great success
D. economic success depends on changes

60. Which of the following is mainly expressed in the passage?
A. Perspective is enough to make progress.
B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Actions speak louder than words.
D. Positive mental attitude along with action can lead to success.

Part IV Writing (30 points)
Write a composition of no less than 300 words on the following topic:
On Studying Abroad
Part V Put the following into Chinese (20%)
For the time being at least, contracts are alive and well. They testify to an important liberal principle, namely, that people can come together as strangers and voluntarily commit themselves to an agreement that takes the place of the law between them. The final contract, whether it is written or spoken, is not the only manner in which the law acknowledges voluntary actions that give rise to commitments a stranger may enforce. In the common law, such commitments may arise through conduct on which another person has a right to rely, or act in detrimental reliance. The right of reliance may occur as a result not just of the making of a contract but also of the negotiation and conduct prior to a contract. In the process of negotiating a contract, the negotiators establish a relationship, and they come to expect certain behavior of their negotiating partners. This relationship is particularly important in the civil law.
The nineteenth-century German legal philosopher Rudolf von Jhering and his followers have referred to this relationship as one of reciprocal trust. Trust breeds duties. And if you negligently breach the trust of another, you should pay compensation.
With the emphasis on trust and reciprocity, the contract is converted from a competitive institution determining who gets the best deal into a potentially cooperative enterprise. The idea behind Jhering’s emphasis on the contracting relationship is that duties arise, and they are not necessarily duties of performance. They might be duties of concern, of reciprocal attention to the interests of the other, and to the success of the venture as a whole. In the common law world, these precontractual duties would be hard to ground because there would be no consideration to support them. They are, by definition, precontractual.
Part VI Translate the following sentences into English (10%)
1. 第二条：专利法所称发明，是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。
2. 综上所述，原告认为：原告与被告天津天利食品有限公司签订的借款合同及抵押合同合法有效，理应全面、实际履行。
3. 从广义上来讲，中国司法体系的机构设置由三大部分组成：人民法院系统、人民检察院系统和公安机关系统。
4. 本协议经有关双方如期签署后生效，有效期为一年，从2010年2月1日至2011年1月31日。

参考答案及解析
Part I Vocabulary
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A
11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. D
1.【答案】D 词义辨析题。decrease“减少，降低”；minimize“使最小化”；limit“限制”；eliminate“剔除，消除”。eliminate risk“消除风险”，D项符合题意。
2.【答案】D strength指人的“体力，力气”或物的“强度”，也可指“强项”；vigor“（法律上的）效力；（语言等的）气势；（人的）精力，活力”；energy主要指人的精力；force主要指强制力量、暴力、武力等。D项符合题意。
3.【答案】C ascend“上升”；descend“下降”；transcend“超越，超出……的限度”；overtake“追上，赶上；压倒；（不愉快的事）突然降临”。C项符合题意。
4.【答案】B put up with“忍受，容忍”；put in for“申请”；put out“扑灭，熄灭”；put in“提出，提交，种植”。根据“她退休后”可知正确答案为B。
5.【答案】A prevailing“盛行的，普遍的，主要的”；controlling“控制，克制”；reigning“统治的，起支配作用的”；persisting“持续的”。A项符合题意。
6.【答案】A commute“通勤来往”；wander“漫步，漫游，闲逛”；ramble“漫步，漫游，漫谈”；motion“运动；手势；动机，意向”。A项最符合题意。
7.【答案】B intricate“错综复杂的，难以理解的”；coherent“一致的”；intrinsic“固有的，内在的，本质的”；distinct“明显的；不同寻常的；有区别的”。B项最符合题意。
8.【答案】B overlap“重叠；与……部分相同”；overflow“溢出”；flourish“茂盛，繁荣，蓬勃”；flutter“飘动，飘扬”。B项最符合题意。
9.【答案】D go on“继续；发生”（需跟with后才能接宾语）；retain“保存；保留”；hold into无此搭配（有hold onto“抓住不放；保持住”）；maintain“维持；持续；主张；供养”。根据题干关键词“effort”及“she will succeed”知maintain“持续”符合，选D。
10.【答案】A indifference“漠不关心”；discrimination“歧视；区别”；deviation“背离，偏离”；interest“使感兴趣”。A项正确。
11.【答案】C hierarchy“层次；等级”；hemisphere“半球”；heritage“遗产”；heir“继承人，后嗣”。C项符合题意。
12.【答案】C optimistic“乐观的”；subjective“主观的”；objective“客观的”；pessimistic“悲观的”。选C。
13.【答案】B seminar“研讨会”；lecture“演讲，讲座”；symposium“座谈会，学术报告会”；syntheses“综合，综合体”。B项符合题意。
14.【答案】C in honor of“纪念”；in accordance with“与……一致”；in contrast with“与……相反”；in agreement with“与……达成一致”。C项符合题意。
15.【答案】B shadow“阴影，影子”；shade“遮阳，遮棚，挡风物，树荫”；darkness“黑暗；阴郁”；obscurity“朦胧，晦涩”。根据句意，B项符合题意。
16.【答案】B recipe“食谱，处方”；recession“经济衰退，不景气”；prosperity“繁荣”；recognition“识别”。B项符合题意。
17.【答案】B explicit“清晰的，明显的”；implicit“暗示的，不言明的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；negative“消极的，否定的”。B项符合题意。
18.【答案】C extinguish“熄灭，使（希望、爱情等）不复存在”；vanish“消失，突然不见”；abolish“废除”；withdraw“撤退；取钱”。abolish slavery“废除奴隶制”，为固定搭配。C项符合题意。
19.【答案】D disturb“打扰；妨碍；使不安；弄乱；使恼怒”；bother“烦扰，打扰；使……不安”；upset“使心烦；颠覆；扰乱”；irritate“使恼怒；使烦躁；使过敏；使发炎；使难受”。由句中关键词“smoke”与“my eyes”的对应知“使难受”符合语境，D项正确。
20.【答案】D scatter“散开，分散”；scrape“擦，刮；擦去；擦伤”；scratch“抓，挠”；smash“打碎”。根据固定搭配和句意，D项符合题意。
Part II Cloze
21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B
31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. B
21.【答案】A 词义辨析题。constitute；be composed of；consist of都有“由……组成”的意思，而consist in意思为“在于”。故只有A项符合题意。
22.【答案】D fundamental“基本的”；rudimentary“基本的，初步的；发育不完全的”；elementary“基本的，初级的”；essential“必要的，必需的”。此处应为“必要的工具”，故D项正确。
23.【答案】A 固定搭配题。beyond one’s grasp“超出某人的能力范围”。句意为“许多执行官认为这种工具专属于有个人魅力和雄辩口才的人，而他们自己却无法企及”。故A项符合题意。
24.【答案】C 固定搭配题。be available for“有效；对……有用”；be available to“可被……利用或得到”。根据上下文可知C项符合题意。
25.【答案】A 语法判断题。although和even though意思相同，且都只能放在句首，而though可放在句首，也可放在句中。故A项符合题意。
26.【答案】A study“研究”；learn“学习”；examine“检查，考试”；investigate“调查”。这里指心理学家研究表明，故A项符合题意。
27.【答案】B cede“让给，割让”；concede“同意”；recede“后退；减弱”；retreat“撤退；撤销”。根据空格后两个单词可知B项符合题意。
28.【答案】C 固定搭配题。be similar to后既可以接代词又可以接人名，而be similar with后只能接人名。故C项符合题意。
29.【答案】D register“登记，注册”；list“列清单”；enlist“征募入伍；赢得……的支持”；enroll“招募；招聘”。根据句意可知D项符合题意。
30.【答案】B 固定搭配题。“值得做某事”的表达有be worth doing；be worthy to do / to be done；be worthwhile to do；be worth of doing / being done。另外be worth of后可接表示时间、金钱等的词。根据选项和题意，B项符合题意。
31.【答案】B 四个选项都有“真的，真正的”意思。genuine有一层情感上的意思，即“真诚的，坦率的”。此处应为“表达最真诚的称赞”。故B项符合题意。
32.【答案】C affirm用于被别人认可、自己已知正确的情况；confirm用于自己不知、需别人考证的情况；testify指“证实，核实”；verify指“作证，证实”。题目意为通过实验来证明the intuitive truth的正确性，因此C项符合题意。
33.【答案】C best“最好的”；correct“正确的”；sound除“听起来”外，还有“合理的，可靠的”之意，此句取“合理的”；valid“有效的”。根据上下文可知C项符合题意。
34.【答案】B 语法判断题。空格处缺一个时间状语从句的引导词，空格后内容是一个省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句，引导词用when或while。故B项符合题意。
35.【答案】A explicitly“清晰地，明显地”；implicitly“含蓄地，模糊地”；exultantly“狂欢地，欢欣鼓舞地”；introspectively“内省地”。空格处应与voluntarily意思相近，故A项符合题意。
36.【答案】B deny“否定”；defer to“尊重，顺从”；confer to“同意授予”；refer to“参考”。根据句意这里指尊重专家的意见，故B项符合题意。
37.【答案】D self-contained“独立的，自给自足的，沉默寡言的”；self-possessed“镇静的，冷静的”；self-opinionated“自负的，固执己见的”；self-evident“不言而喻的”。句意为“执行官应刻苦提高自己的专业知识，不要认为它是不言而喻的”。故D项符合题意。
38.【答案】B 语法判断题。根据句意此处缺少一个引导词来引导时间状语，结合选项可知B项符合题意。
39.【答案】D 固定搭配题。It happens that意思是“偶然发生的是……”。句意为“有时具有归纳性的信息比大量可用数据更具说服力”。故D项符合题意。
40.【答案】B exclusive“排除在外的；特别的”；inclusive“归纳的，总结的”；scarce“少量的，匮乏的”；reliable“可靠的”。根据句意可知B项符合题意。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Passage 1: 41. D 42. A 43. B 44. B
Passage 2: 45. D 46. C 47. C 48. D
Passage 3: 49. D 50. A 51. A 52. D
Passage 4: 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. D
Passage 5: 57. D 58. B 59. A 60. D
41.【答案】D 细节判断题。第一段提到“In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds.”即我们人类与所有灵长类动物以及几乎所有其他哺乳动物和鸟类都会睡觉。D项符合题意。
42.【答案】A 细节判断题。第二段提到“In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.”即在有梦睡眠中，动物全然不动且对外界刺激毫无反应。A项符合题意。
43.【答案】B 推理判断题。第三段提到海豚、鲸鱼等水生动物似乎总是睡得很少，且“在海洋中没有地方可以藏身”。结合两句可知B项符合题意。
44.【答案】B 推理判断题。第三段提到本能上愚蠢到不能保持安静的动物有可能通过睡眠使自己在高危期间保持不动，这在幼小的食肉动物身上体现得尤为明显。由此可知幼小的食肉动物在高危期间会本能地在不恰当的时候发出声音。故B项符合题意。
45.【答案】D 细节题。文章开头提到指纹曾是决定被告是否有罪的一项关键性证据，如今正备受质疑。故D项符合题意。
46.【答案】C 细节判断题。第二段提到“我们的目的不是去判断这些辩解是否正确，而是质疑现行的指纹断案法……作为搜集有效证据的一部分”。由此可知对指纹的研究只是研究有效证据当中的一部分。故C项符合题意。
47.【答案】C 推理判断题。最后一段提到前首席大法官Squires认为采集指纹并转移到另一物体上“需要高超的技能，并且麻烦巨大”。因此指纹移植是一项微妙的操作。故C项符合题意。
48.【答案】D 推理判断题。最后一段提到自1973年起英国开始使用一种新的指纹采集方式（用透明胶带提取指纹作为证据），由此可知指纹取证方法被简化了。故D项正确。
49.【答案】D 细节判断题。第一段提到传统观点认为海洋与陆地的温差使地幔中产生对流，从而造成板块的移动。故D项符合题意。
50.【答案】A 推理判断题。第一段把地幔中的对流运动比作传送带，来揭示地幔中对流运动带来的影响。故A项符合题意。
51.【答案】A 观点态度题。作者更赞成最后一种理论，但并未完全否定传统观点，而是持一种保守的质疑态度。故A项符合题意。
52.【答案】D 细节判断题。第二段提到中大西洋海岭和印度洋海岭之间的板块两边都在不断生长，由于它们之间没有中间海岭，两个海岭一定正在分开。故D项符合题意。
53.【答案】D 推理判断题。第二段提到如果新型玉米在文化上不被接受或更容易遭受虫害，那么它给生存边缘家庭带来的利益将极少。由此可推知它比其他品种更易受虫害。故D项符合题意。
54.【答案】C 细节判断题。第二段提到产量安全性、储存实用性、适口性和成本；第三段提到技术与文化因素。只有C项“作物蛋白质质量”不是新型作物成功的关键因素，符合题意。
55.【答案】B 细节判断题。第一段提到Antarctic krill等创新“看似更有希望，但预测其最终命运还为时过早”。故B项符合题意。
56.【答案】D 推理判断题。第一段指出有些新品种虽在技术上可行，但在经济上不可行或与当地文化不适应，故判断一种新品种是否成功很困难。D项符合题意。
57.【答案】D 细节判断题。第二段提到过去十年居家商务和服务业的突飞猛进，源于人们敢于追求梦想，越来越多人为实现自己的目标而努力。故D项符合题意。
58.【答案】B 细节判断题。第三段提到“有许多导致失败的方法，但从不抓住机遇是其中最成功的”。故B项符合题意。
59.【答案】A 段落大意题。第四段开头指出公司为了生存或抓住良机必须不断调整，随后举例说明信息传递公司如何转型发展，揭示公司应不断调整以应对竞争。故A项符合题意。
60.【答案】D 主旨大意题。最后一段总结：与积极的精神态度同样重要的是行动，只有将积极态度与行动结合才能取得成功。故D项符合题意。
Part IV Writing 参考范文
On Studying Abroad
Currently, thanks to the improvement of living standard, it has become a popular trend for an increasing number of Chinese students to study abroad. Equipped with advantages and disadvantages, it has arisen a sharp debate on whether studying abroad should be advocated.
On one hand, people in favor of it hold that studying abroad is a quicker way to improve students’ language and intercultural skills. It is widely acknowledged that the local language environment makes it easier to have a good understanding of language and master it well. Besides, to some extent, we have to admit that overseas educational mode is more reasonable and effective by which students may learn well. Having access to large amounts of resources and most top professors, they will broaden their horizon. Therefore, it is of great benefit to their personal development in the coming years.
On the other hand, others believe that it may take a lot of money to study abroad. For those who are in bad economic state, studying abroad certainly increases their family’s burden. Thus, it may require a family to have an excellent financial capacity. In addition, studying abroad, students will meet various people from different countries with multiple cultures. In this sense, it is vital to have a particularly tolerant attitude towards culture conflict and learn how to get along with others. Also, faced with a completely new circumstance, students will inevitably be bothered by homesick, illness and loneliness.
Individually speaking, with advantages and disadvantages, it is not suitable to everyone. Students should think twice before they make a final decision in accordance with their financial capacity, cultural belief and the like so that they won’t be regretful. On the whole, as a symbol of social progress, the advantages of studying abroad will far overweigh its disadvantages if they deal with it appropriately.
Part V Put into Chinese 参考译文
至少在目前看来，契约仍有着很强的生命力。它们证实了一个重要的自由原则，即陌生人可以走到一起并自愿达成一份协议来替代他们之间存在的法律。无论是书面还是口头的，最终契约不是法律认可自愿行为的唯一方式，自愿行为产生了人们可能执行的义务。在普通法中，这些义务可能通过另一个人有权依赖的行为或导致损失的信赖行为而产生。信赖的权利可能不仅来自契约的签订，而且还来自契约签订前的协商和行为。在合同协商过程中，协议方建立了一种关系，并且他们开始期望自己的协议伙伴遵守某种行为。这种关系在民法中尤其重要。
19世纪的德国法学家Rudolf von Jhering和他的拥护者们将这种关系称为一种互惠的信任。信任产生责任。如果你疏忽地违背了他人的信任，那么你就应该作出赔偿。
由于强调信任与互惠，契约由决定谁获得最大好处的竞争性制度转变成了一种潜在合作性的计划。Jhering强调契约关系背后的观点是义务产生，且这些义务不一定是履行中的责任。总的来说，它们可能是关心、关注另一方利益及企业整体成功的义务。在普通法中，由于没有对价支持，所以很难落实这些契约前义务。从定义上说，它们是契约前义务。
Part VI Translate into English 参考译文
1. Article 2: The invention in patent law refers to the new technical solution put forward to products, methods and their improvement.
2. As a whole, the accuser believe that the contract for loan and mortgage contract, made by the accuser and the accused Tianjin Tianli Food Co. Ltd., are effective and should be fulfilled entirely and practically.
3. In its broad sense, the structural establishment in China’s judicial system consists of three main parts, namely people’s court system, people’s procuratorate system and public security organ system.
4. After being signed by both parties concerned as scheduled, the contract will become valid for one year from February 1, 2010 to January 31, 2011.