浙江工商大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

浙江工商大学2011年博士研究生入学考试试卷（A卷）

考试科目：《英语》
考试须知：
1）本考卷共包括五大项，共6页。考试时间为180分钟，满分100分。
2）试卷中的客观题用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案在答题纸上按题号顺序标出。
3）试卷中的主观题用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上，字迹需清晰端正。

I. Vocabulary and Structure (10%)
Directions: Below each sentence, there are four words marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1. Executives of the company enjoyed an _____ lifestyle of free gifts, fine wines and high salaries.
A. exquisite
B. extravagant
C. exotic
D. eccentric

2. The director gave me his _____ that he would double my pay if I did my job well.
A. warrant
B. obligation
C. assurance
D. certainty

3. Hot metal _____ as it grows cooler.
A. contracts
B. reduces
C. condenses
D. compresses

4. In spite of the _____ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.
A. obscure
B. miserable
C. shadowy
D. gloomy

5. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the _____ of a brilliant career.
A. threshold
B. edge
C. porch
D. course

6. There’s not much _____ of Mr. Smith’s being elected as Congressman.
A. perspective
B. foresight
C. prospect
D. outlook

7. Before we move, we should _____ some of the old furniture, so that we can have more room in the new house.
A. dissipate
B. discard
C. cancel
D. conceal

8. As we know, computers are used to store and _____ information efficiently.
A. retrieve
B. reconcile
C. reassure
D. reclaim

9. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding _____ and had a very good time.
A. feast
B. congratulations
C. festival
D. recreation

10. Many of the earliest _____ into the US established large plantations.
A. migrants
B. exiles
C. emigrants
D. immigrants

11. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight are.
A. payments
B. charges
C. funds
D. prices

12. He is the only person that can _____ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.
A. testify
B. accuse
C. charge
D. rectify

13. Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is _____ in commercials.
A. permeated
B. alleged
C. depicted
D. drafted

14. Listening to another’s telephone conversation is a _____ of privacy.
A. disturbance
B. interference
C. violence
D. violation

15. The club will _____ new members the first week in September.
A. enroll
B. subscribe
C. absorb
D. register

16. The service operates 36 fixed libraries throughout the country, while six _____ libraries specially serve the countryside.
A. rotate
B. drifting
C. shifting
D. mobile

17. What you say now is not _____ with what you said last week.
A. permanent
B. persistent
C. consistent
D. insistent

18. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons _____ slowly into the sky.
A. lingering
B. elevating
C. escalating
D. ascending

19. The vision of that big black car hitting the sidewalk a few feet from us will never be _____ from my memory.
A. ejected
B. erased
C. escaped
D. omitted

20. They believed that this was not the _____ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.
A. climax
B. summit
C. pitch
D. maximum

II. Reading Comprehension (15%)
Directions: Read the following three passages carefully, and choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given.
Passage A
The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.
In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-point perspective and still later multi-point perspective.
With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.
For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists have in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.
It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important.

1. The passage mainly discusses _____.
A. the difference between medieval and Renaissance art
B. how the technique of perspective influenced the modern art
C. the discovery of the technique of perspective
D. the contribution of Renaissance artists

2. According to the passage, which is the main concern for medieval artists?
A. The individual person and his/her possessions and surroundings.
B. Real people, real scenes.
C. Eternal timeless truth of the earth.
D. Themes of religious stories.

3. The discovery of perspective was the result of _____.
A. Renaissance artists’ attempt to prove that the medieval artists could show level of reality
B. the need to turn an object at an angle and draw more than one side of it
C. the subject being shifted from religious stories to individual person and surroundings
D. natural evolution of human senses

4. The author’s purpose to give the example in line 13-14 is to _____.
A. explain how perspective works in painting
B. support two-point perspective
C. illustrate that there are exceptions about perspective
D. point out that the technique of perspective though seems so natural is an invented technique

5. It can be inferred from the passage that Renaissance artists _____.
A. embraced the medieval style of eternal truth
B. needed to develop a new approach towards painting to show a new level of reality
C. were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces in inventing the technique of perspective
D. saw two dimensional design more important than a feeling of depth

Passage B
The term could yet become the word of the year; stress is on everyone’s lips these days and everywhere. Not only managers, officials and teachers are complaining nowadays, housewives, children and pensioners now also have their own problems. They too sacrifice themselves for others, feel under- or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow. But that is only the negative aspect. Stress, after all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality.
“Firstly, stress is healthy,” says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle. The doctor and management consultant says, “It occurs when the body loses its inner balance, but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance.” Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure. It is unavoidable as part of our nature. “There is no such thing as a stress-free life.” But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration, its cause or causes and the sufferer’s personal situation. People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress. Others, people who feel refreshed at every new turn, are relaxed and successful, will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear.
Exercise, healthy eating and relaxing are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time. These factors form a unit, explains Marita Voelker-Albert, spokeswoman for the government’s Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne. Its campaign “Gut Drauf” (Feeling Good) is targeted at young people. The government agency’s research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired, overtaxed and under stress. Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines and indigestion, nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.
But even the best solutions don’t work if they are not put into practice, says Stehling. Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress, may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it all. Sometimes, says the consultant, it helps to take time out to reduce stress levels over a weekend.

6. Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?
A. Stress has both positive and negative aspects.
B. Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.
C. Stress only leads to serious problems.
D. Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.

7. A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel _____.
A. fit and healthy
B. under- or overworked
C. relaxed and happy
D. irritated, tired and exhausted

8. Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress?
A. Those who suffer from the flu.
B. Those who are in good moods.
C. Those who are successful.
D. Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.

9. All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXCEPT _____.
A. painful headache
B. indigestion
C. nervousness and concentration problems
D. loss of memory

10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?
A. Reading good literature.
B. Practicing yoga.
C. Having a healthy diet.
D. Working overtime.

Passage C
Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called “historical archaeology,” a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.
Back in the 1930’s and 1940’s, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.
The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950’s and 1960’s. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.
More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States past. In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building’s basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

11. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Why historical archaeology was first developed.
B. How the methods and purpose of historical archaeology have changed.
C. The contributions architects make to historical archaeology.
D. The attitude of professional archaeologists toward historical archaeology.

12. According to the first paragraph, what is a relatively new focus in archaeology?
A. Investigating the recent past.
B. Studying prehistoric cultures.
C. Excavating ancient sites in what is now the United States.
D. Comparing findings made in North America and in Europe.

13. According to the passage, when had historical archaeologists been trained as anthropologists?
A. Prior to the 1930’s.
B. During the 1930’s and 1940’s.
C. During the 1950’s and 1960’s.
D. After the 1960’s.

14. In the third paragraph, the author implies that the techniques of history and the techniques of social science are _____.
A. equally useful in studying prehistoric cultures
B. quite different from each other
C. usually taught to students of archaeology
D. both based on similar principles

15. The author mentions an excavation at the site of a hotel in Sacramento in order to give an example of _____.
A. a building reconstruction project
B. the work of the earliest historical archaeologists
C. a finding that conflicts with written records
D. the kind of information that historians routinely examine

III. Translate the Following Passages into Chinese (40%)
[1]
One lunchtime when I was in the third grade will stay with me always. I had been picked to be the prince in the school play, and for weeks my mother had painstakingly rehearsed my lines with me. But no matter how easily I delivered them at home, as soon as I stepped on stage, every word disappeared from my head.
Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrator’s part to the play, and asked me to switch roles. I didn’t tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day. But she sensed my unease, and instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard…
[2]
There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. An aspiration is a joy for ever, a possession as solid as a landed estate, a fortune which we can never exhaust and which gives us year by year a revenue of pleasurable activity. To have many of these is to be spiritually rich.
IV. Translate the Following into English (15%)
2008年，对于中国来说，是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不挠的精神。目前，受灾群众得到了妥善安置，恢复重建工作已经过半。第二件事是北京奥运会成功举办。这一体育盛会不仅为来自世界各地的运动员展示风采创造了良好的条件，而且让世界更多地了解中国，让中国更多地了解世界。在抗震救灾和举办奥运会的过程中，我们得到了国际社会的广泛理解、支持和帮助。
（参考词汇：devastating earthquake; resilience; properly relocated; reconstruction; sportsmanship）
V. Writing (20%)
Directions: In this part, you are to write a composition with Education as a Lifelong Process as its title. Your composition should contain the three key points given below with a length of over 200 words. Please remember to write clearly.
1. give your viewpoint on the statement;
2. support your viewpoint with one or two examples;
3. bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.
Education as a Lifelong Process