郑州大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

郑州大学2008年（B卷）攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

Part I Vocabulary (10%)
Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am ______ to carrying out the plan.
A. committed
B. obliged
C. resolved
D. engaged

2. The Party's reduced vote was ______ of lack of support for its policies.
A. positive
B. revealing
C. evident
D. indicative

3. It is a ______ of contemporary psychology that an individual's mental health is supported by having good social networks.
A. maxim
B. motto
C. tenet
D. discipline

4. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ______ a violent act previously seen on television.
A. modifying
B. accelerating
C. simulating
D. duplicating

5. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards; ______, it should rank high on any list of science fiction.
A. consistently
B. invariably
C. consequently
D. fortunately

6. The influx of large numbers of tourists has influenced social behavior and social values, and caused a certain amount of ______ effect.
A. adverse
B. attempt
C. overreached
D. defeated

7. Despite claims made by skincare manufacturers, the effects of aging are ______.
A. irrefutable
B. irreversible
C. irreplaceable
D. irritable

8. Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without ______ it.
A. dominating
B. enforcing
C. enhancing
D. disposing

9. The company was financially ______ and almost went to bankruptcy during last year's economic recession.
A. corrupt
B. cornered
C. ingredient
D. covered

10. In this densely populated city, acid rain is ______; it is a sign both of industrialization and pollution.
A. productive
B. popular
C. possible
D. prevalent

11. He ______ that she herself was not very clever by what she uttered in the heat of the argument in the morning.
A. refuted
B. refused
C. retorted
D. rejected

12. This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a ______ for more.
A. scarcity
B. command
C. hunger
D. request

13. The Prime Minister frequently wandered from his text to ______ on a point that had obviously caught his audience's interest.
A. stress
B. interrupt
C. explain
D. elaborate

14. Strict regulations of commercial banking have caused some bankers to devote considerable resources to ______ government controls.
A. evading
B. executing
C. condemning
D. resisting

15. Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never ______ from the highest standards of honor.
A. deviate
B. refrain
C. derive
D. escape

16. Those who have never suffered impairment of sight and hearing seldom make the fullest use of their blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds ______.
A. lazily
B. indifferently
C. hazily
D. hastily

17. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ______ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.
A. indistinctly
B. irrelevantly
C. independently
D. separately

18. Psychologists have long argued about the relative importance of genetics and environment in determining human intelligence—an issue that is sometimes referred to as the "nature" vs. "______" debate.
A. growth
B. nurture
C. promotion
D. creation

19. He had gone away on business and would not return to the hotel until the next day. I should have to wait till ______ I could thank him for the present.
A. afterwards
B. then
C. then before
D. then therefore

20. Whenever Tom comes across a serious problem, he likes to ______ it, namely, to think it over carefully and for a long time.
A. contend
B. contempt
C. contemplate
D. content

Part II Reading Comprehension (30%)
Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm's remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and children's toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries?
An answer to the first of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.
To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The "middling sort" bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition.
Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector.
That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for the frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.
21. In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to ____.
A. give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in eighteenth-century England
B. indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to eighteenth-century English history
C. contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in eighteenth-century England
D. support the contention that key questions about eighteenth-century consumerism remain to be answered

22. According to the passage, Thompson attributes to laboring people in eighteenth-century England which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism?
A. Enthusiasm.
B. Hostility.
C. Ambivalence.
D. Curiosity.

23. In the third paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with ____.
A. questioning two explanations and proposing a possible alternative to them
B. contrasting two theses and offering a compromise
C. paraphrasing the work of two historians and questioning their assumptions
D. examining two theories and endorsing one over the other

24. According to the passage, a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption has been used to ____.
A. investigate the extent of the demand for luxury goods among social classes in eighteenth-century England
B. classify the kinds of luxury goods desired by eighteenth-century consumers
C. establish the extent to which the tastes of rich consumers were shaped by the middle classes in eighteenth-century England
D. explain the motivation of eighteenth-century consumers to buy luxury goods

25. According to the passage, eighteenth-century England and the contemporary world of the passage's readers are ____.
A. dissimilar in the extent to which luxury consumerism could be said to be widespread among the social classes
B. dissimilar in their definitions of luxury goods and services
C. dissimilar in the extent to which luxury goods could be said to be a stimulant of industrial development
D. similar in their strong demand for a variety of goods and services

Passage 2
Since it was last substantially reformed 30 years ago, the U.S. Postal Service has usually turned a profit: its government-mandated monopoly is one reason, but size is another. When U.S. postage rates are increased by a single penny, another $1 billion pours into the USPS. This monopoly has plenty of added bonuses. Letter carriers receive federal benefits and don't have to pay parking tickets. The service pays no sales or property taxes, no license fees for its mail trucks. The postal service also plans to increase the cost of mailing magazines 15%, a move that has raised the anger of magazine publishers.
There is no shortage of critics. Newspaper headlines bemoan the "Postal Disservice" and cry for privatization. Oklahoma legislators have passed a resolution challenging the service's tax-exempt status. Federal studies charge the USPS with everything from mismanagement to misappropriation. According to the Federal Times, the post office's International Business Unit was given funding and a staff of 200 to create an extensive global logistics network that was supposed to generate $10 billion in revenue by 2005. The programs, known as Global Priority Mail and Global Package Link, flopped. Yet another audit found that the USPS loses more than $1 billion a year by not collecting international duties on packages. Perhaps worst of all, CNF Transportation, which owns Emery Worldwide, is suing the post office for not paying its bills on an overseas-delivery joint venture.
New alliances—like the one with FedEx—may be the USPS's best chance for survival in a digital world, where success is less about delivering envelopes than about optimizing networks and managing information.
Ultimately, however, the real beneficiary of a USPS-FedEx alliance will be the Memphis-based powerhouse. Besides gaining access to that "last mile" to someone's mailbox, FedEx could leverage the arrangement by planting drop-off boxes in post-office lobbies. Even if government regulators limit the combination on antitrust grounds, FedEx is steaming ahead with other joint ventures, including a deal with the French postal agency La Poste. Fred Smith has already proved FedEx's global strength. Most analysts see his domestic strategy as a clever way to position his 29-year-old company for what many believe will be the USPS's inevitable dissolution.
Unless it undergoes radical reform soon, the U.S. Postal Service's days are probably numbered. Even its primary market, first-class mail, is expected to shrink 27% over the next decade, representing the loss of an additional $17 billion in revenues. And some analysts warn that deals with private carriers will simply undercut USPS assets, leaving it with little more than its most rural—and least profitable—routes to serve.
Postmaster General Henderson resists even the suggestion that Postal Service could disappear and has vowed to shake up his massive organization. Yet in testimony to Congress last month, he seemed resigned to a fate that is uncertain at best. As he argued for support of the postal reform bill that has languished in committee for many years, the USPS veteran fell back on a sentimental plea. He cited statistics showing that 66% of all Americans believe the mail is our most private and secure form of communication. "These findings are a testimony to the enduring strength and unique power of the mail," said Henderson. "People look forward to the mail, and when it arrives, they give it their undivided attention."
26. Which of the following statement is the correct reason why USPS is criticized?
A. The government-mandated monopoly of the USPS.
B. The tax-exempt status of the USPS.
C. The misuse of funds of the USPS which causes great losses for the government.
D. All of above.

27. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A. New programs, like Global Priority and Global Package Link make profits for USPS as well.
B. The government-mandated monopoly gives USPS many opportunities to earn money.
C. The avoiding of paying taxes is another way that USPS uses to increase its profit.
D. The big size is one reason that USPS makes profits in the last 30 years.

28. The real chance for the survival of the USPS in the present digital world is ____.
A. new alliance
B. the deal with foreign postal agency La Poste
C. the support of the postal-reform bill
D. radical reform

29. According to the author, the real beneficiary of a USPS-FedEx alliance is ____.
A. USPS
B. Memphis
C. FedEx
D. other joint ventures

30. What is the correct meaning to the word "languish" in the last paragraph of the passage?
A. plea
B. support
C. decay
D. suggest

Passage 3
One night, when television began broadcasting a boring TV show, I said to my wife, "The programme is even less interesting than the advertisements, or commercials. Let us have a change."
My wife, who happened to have a remote control in her hand, consented immediately, switched to another channel and enjoyed an advertisement of rice flour with me. Just at the moment, I found that we were no longer as disgusted with the commercials as we had been before.
The next day when I told my experience to my colleagues, they, to my surprise, all had the same feeling. A few even sang several of the commercials songs.
A few years ago, when advertisements began to appear in the Chinese media, most people, including myself, were against the practice. Some sighed, "The socialist TV, newspaper has started imitating the western bourgeois media tool!" What has changed the audience's mentality in only several years' time?
First, Chinese advertisements have improved their advertising techniques. At the beginning, the language of advertisements was simple, the music insipid and the images coarse and crude. Later, some better foreign advertisements came to Chinese TV and newspapers.
"Where there is a mountain, there is a road; where there is a road, there is a Toyota." The words of the Japanese advertisement publicizing the Toyota car are very absurd but impressive and easy to memorize. "Nestle coffee is tasty indeed." The American advertisement promoting the sale of the Nestle brand coffee has become a new household phrase in China. Gradually, Chinese advertisements also have learned how to dress themselves up. They have strange and humorous associations, charming, deep male voices, colorful images and songs that are pleasing to the ear and easy to learn. For these reasons, the commercials for Santana cars, Fuda colour film and Orient beverages have successfully attracted a TV audience.
Second, life needs advertisements. Everything in modern society is linked to information, while the main function of advertisements is to disseminate information on commodities, services, culture, employment, student enrollment and even marriage.
Of course, one can obtain such information by listening to hearsay and making on-the-spot investigation, but the information provided by advertisements is doubtless the most direct, comprehensive and detailed.
As society advances, people's demands have become more and more diversified, and the commodities and services provided by society have also become more and more diversified.
On the other hand, as living tempo quickens, people have less leisure time. If they want to spend time finding suitable commodities, service and employment opportunities, they have to rely on advertisements. So, unconsciously, people have changed their hatred for advertisements to an acceptance and utilization of them.
But, due to certain conditions in China, the Chinese do not have a great need for advertisement for the time being.
31. Why did Chinese advertisement play an unpopular role at the beginning?
A. Because ads were not well made and they are not attractive.
B. Because watching ads is considered to be wasting our time.
C. Because people are not familiar with ads and they can't accept it.
D. Because China is a socialist country.

32. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Most people like advertisements at the beginning.
B. Western bourgeois media are better than Chinese media.
C. Chinese media likes to imitate the West.
D. Few people were in favor of advertisements when it appeared several years ago.

33. Compared with before, what did I find suddenly?
A. Commercials are better than TV shows.
B. We all like commercials better than TV shows.
C. TV shows are no longer attractive.
D. We no longer hate to see commercials as before.

34. What does the word "absurd" mean in the passage?
A. interesting
B. funny
C. ridiculous
D. unpractical

35. The advantages of ads are as follows EXCEPT ____.
A. ads can disseminate information to audience
B. ads can provide the most direct, comprehensive and detailed information
C. ads aren't made by listening to hearsay
D. ads can bring us happiness

Passage 4
Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is acceptable and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare's Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power; nor is Picasso's painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.
This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits—the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.
36. The author implies that Beethoven's music was strikingly original because Beethoven ____.
A. manipulated the established conventions of musical composition in a highly innovative fashion
B. fundamentally changed the musical forms of his predecessors by adopting a richly inventive strategy
C. embellished and interwove the melodies of several of the great composers who preceded him
D. strove to outdo his predecessors by becoming the first composer to exploit limits

37. The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the ____.
A. basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulation
B. byproduct of an aesthetic experience
C. result of highly creative scientific creativity
D. tool used by a scientist to discover a new particular

38. The passage states that the operas of the Florentine Camerata are ____.
A. unjustifiably ignored by musicologists
B. not generally considered to be of high aesthetic value even though they are important in the history of music
C. among those works in which popular historical themes were portrayed in a musical production
D. often inappropriately cited as examples of musical works in which a new principle of organization was introduced

39. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with ____.
A. moderate amusement
B. strong indignation
C. marked indifference
D. deep skepticism

40. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT ____.
A. Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?
B. Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?
C. Is Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?
D. Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also included Handel and Bach?

Passage 5
One of the principal themes of Walzer's critique of liberal capitalism is that it is insufficiently egalitarian. Walzer's case against the economic inequality generated by capitalism and in favor of "a radical redistribution of wealth" is presented in a widely cited essay entitled "In Defense of Equality."
The most striking feature of Walzer's critique is that, far from rejecting the principle of reward according to merit, Walzer insists on its validity. People who excel should receive the superior benefits appropriate to their excellence. But people exhibit a great variety of qualities—"intelligence, physical strength, agility and grace, artistic creativity, mechanical skill, leadership, endurance, memory, psychological insight, the capacity for hard work—even moral strength, sensitivity, the ability to express compassion." Each deserves its proper recompense, and hence a proper distribution of material goods should reflect human differences as measured on all these different scales. Yet, under capitalism, the ability to make money ("the green thumb of bourgeois society") enables its possessor to acquire almost "every other sort of social good", such as the respect and esteem of others.
The centerpiece of Walzer's argument is the invocation of a quotation from Pascal's Pensées, which concludes: "tyranny is the wish to obtain by one means what can only be had by another". Pascal believes that we owe different duties to different qualities, so we might say that infatuation is the proper response to charm, and awe the proper response to strength. In this light, Walzer characterizes capitalism as the tyranny of money (or of the ability to make it). And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyranny and of restoring genuine equality, "the abolition of the power of money outside its sphere". What Walzer envisions is a society in which wealth is no longer convertible into social goods with which it has no intrinsic connection.
Walzer's argument is a puzzling one. After all, why should those qualities unrelated to the production of material goods be rewarded with material goods? Is it not tyrannical, in Pascal's sense, to insist that those who excel in "sensitivity" or "the ability to express compassion" merit equal wealth with those who excel in qualities (such as "the capacity for hard work") essential in producing wealth? Yet Walzer's argument, however deficient, does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism—namely, that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration. Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable: in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms, disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental in producing the increase in its wealth.
41. The primary purpose of the passage is to ____.
A. argue that Walzer's critique of liberal capitalism is the cornerstone of Walzer's thinking
B. identify and to deprecate the origins of the intellectual tradition championed by Walzer
C. present more clearly than does the essay In Defense of Equality the distinctive features of Walzer's politico-economic theories
D. outline and to examine critically Walzer's position on economic equality

42. The author mentions all of the following as issues addressed by Walzer EXCEPT ____.
A. proper level of a society's wealth
B. proper interpretation of "economic equality"
C. proper recompense for individual excellence
D. grounds for calling capitalism "the tyranny of money"

43. The author's interpretation of the principle that "we owe different duties to different qualities" (Para.3) suggests that which of the following would most probably be the duty paired with the quality of veracity?
A. Dignity
B. Affection
C. Trust
D. Obedience

44. The author implies that Walzer's interpretation of the principle of reward according to merit is distinctive for its ____.
A. insistence on maximizing everyone's rewards
B. broad conception of what constitutes merit
C. proven validity
D. emphasis on equality

45. The passage provides sufficient information to answer which of the following questions?
A. Which quality does Walzer deem too highly valued under liberal capitalism?
B. What weight in relation to other qualities should a quality like sensitivity have, according to Walzer, in determining the proper distribution of goods?
C. Which are the social goods that are, according to Walzer, outside the reach of the power of money?
D. What practical steps does Walzer suggest be taken to relieve the economic inequality generated by capitalism?

Passage 6
If a contemporary Rip Van Winkle had slept for forty years and awakened today, he would have to go back to school before he could understand a daily newspaper or a magazine. He would never have heard of atomic bombs, baby sitters, flying saucers or contact lenses, or of mambo, microfilm, nylons, or smog.
Many new words have been added to the English language in the past forty years; and since Shakespeare's time the number of words in the language has increased more than five times, from about 140,000 to somewhere between 700,000 and 800,000. Most of these new words have not come from borrowing, but from the natural growth of language.
The language has always changed, but the rate of change has been uneven; minor changes have slowly accumulated in every generation, but there have been periods of rapid change as well. The most important of these periods occurred during the two hundred and fifty years after 1066, the year the Normans conquered England. Before the conquest, the inhabitants of England spoke Anglo-Saxon, a complex Germanic language. The Normans were Norsemen who settled in northern France in the tenth century and by 1066 were speaking a form of French. After their conquest of England they instituted Norman French as the dominant language—the language of the upper classes, of law, of government and of such commerce as there was.
Nevertheless, the mass went right on speaking Anglo-Saxon and reestablished itself as the language of the upper classes, as English, and had it become a flexible, exact, splendid and moving instrument of expression. Norman French, meanwhile, had become something comic, spoken by the villains in the old mystery plays just for a laugh.
The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, during which printing became established, saw the stabilization of spelling and, more important, the establishment of colonies in America. Immediately the language of the new world and that of the old world began to draw apart. In writing, too, a change has taken place. The use of the colloquial in American writing is increasing rather than diminishing. The increasing use of the colloquial in our writing is an interesting change that is bound to have far-reaching consequences.
The enormous enlargement of our vocabulary, the increasing use of our writing of the spoken idiom, and changes in our pronunciation are not the only changes that are taking place, however. There have also been significant grammatical alterations in our language. Such changes take place only by generations or decades at the fastest, so they pass unnoticed by all but grammarians; yet even the layman can perceive them when he is told that something seems "quite all right" to him that was regarded as erroneous only a few years ago.
Nobody knows why all these changes are being made; perhaps we are in the process of reducing our verbs to a few basic words. If this is so, it may mark a change as significant as that took place after the Norman conquest.
Whatever the reasons for the changes that are taking place, the vocabulary will probably continue to expand, because the expansion of our knowledge and experience requires the invention of new words or the adaptation of old ones. Meaning will depend more and more upon word order and context, and spelling will become simpler, with fewer common variants. Pronunciation, because of the great mobility of our population and the spread of radio and television, will tend to become more uniform.
46. What will probably happen to the vocabulary according to the author?
A. The meaning will depend more and more upon word order.
B. The spelling will become simpler.
C. The amount of vocabulary will continue to expand.
D. All of above.

47. The most important change of language in England after 1066 was that ____.
A. The people in England can't speak Anglo-Saxon.
B. The official language has changed from Anglo-Saxon language to Norman French.
C. The Anglo-Saxon was instituted as the dominant language.
D. The masses went on speaking Norman French.

48. Why did grammatical alteration changes take place unnoticed?
A. Because the changes gradually take place by generations or decades.
B. Because grammatical alterations are not important compared with the other changes.
C. Because only grammarians can perceive the alteration.
D. Because the layman cannot perceive the alternations.

49. Why are all these changes being made?
A. In order to meet the requirement of the development of language.
B. Because we need to change the language to cope with grammar.
C. Nobody knows the exact reasons.
D. Because we are in the process of reducing our verbs to a few basic words.

50. According to this passage, most of the new words are from ____.
A. borrowing
B. the natural growth of language
C. combination of two old words
D. daily newspaper or magazine

Part III Cloze (10%)
Directions: Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.
The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services the country produces. A country's standard of living, _51_, depends first and _52_ on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money _53_ on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and _54_.
A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of _55_ have an effect on one another. Wealth depends _56_ an extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a _57_ climate; other regions possess none of them.
Next to natural resources _58_ the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well _59_ as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and _60_ wars, and _61_ this and other reasons was _62_ to develop her resources. _63_ and stable political conditions, and _64_ from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well _65_ by nature but less well ordered.
A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed _66_ its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. _67_, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on _68_ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would _69_ be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, _70_ that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

51.
A. therefore
B. however
C. nevertheless
D. furthermore

52.
A. primary
B. principal
C. uniquely
D. foremost

53.
A. or
B. but
C. nor
D. except

54.
A. recreation
B. enlightenment
C. refreshment
D. entertainment

55.
A. if
B. them
C. which
D. that

56.
A. with
B. for
C. to
D. on

57.
A. neutral
B. favorable
C. virtuous
D. marine

58.
A. come
B. comes
C. coming
D. came

59.
A. off
B. known
C. done
D. furnished

60.
A. military
B. external
C. contemporary
D. domestic

61.
A. for
B. because
C. because of
D. due to

62.
A. impossible
B. incapable
C. proficient
D. unable

63.
A. Strong
B. Sound
C. Sturdy
D. Robust

64.
A. liberty
B. freedom
C. prevention
D. liberation

65.
A. assisted
B. avenged
C. rescued
D. served

66.
A. with
B. near
C. within
D. without

67.
A. In short
B. For example
C. Firstly
D. On one hand

68.
A. that
B. those
C. what
D. it

69.
A. likely
B. otherwise
C. certainty
D. certainly

70.
A. provided
B. depended
C. given
D. supposed

Part IV Translation (30%)
Section A Chinese to English (15%)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.
西藏在中国的西南部。居住在这里的藏族先民，远在公元前就与生活在中原的汉族有联系。到了唐朝（公元618—907年），藏汉双方通过王室间的联姻、会盟，在政治上形成了团结友好的亲谊关系，在经济和文化上建立了密切的联系，为最终建立统一的国家奠定了深厚的基础。十三世纪中叶，西藏正式归入中国元朝版图。自此以后，尽管中国经历了几代王朝的兴替，但西藏一直处于中央政权的管辖之下。
Section B English to Chinese (15%)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.
My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.
Part V Writing (30%)
Section A (10%)
Directions: Suppose you went shopping one day and you had received very bad service in a shop. You want to complain to the manager. Write a letter to complain about the bad service.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Please do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Ping" instead. You do not need to write the address.
Section B (20%)
Directions: Some people dream of reaching unlikely goals, while other people set more reasonable and reachable goals. Which kind of person do you tend to be? Use examples to support your response.
You should write an essay of about 250 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

参考答案及解析
Part I Vocabulary (10%)
参考答案：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
11.C 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.C

【答案】1.C 【解析】be committed to 意为"献身于，致力于"；be obliged to 意为"不得不，被迫"；be engaged in 意为"忙于，从事于"；be resolved to 意为"决心……"。根据题干 since 引导的原因状语从句"已经来不及改变主意"可以推知答案为 C，表示执行这项计划的决心。
【答案】2.D 【解析】形容词词义辨析。indicative"象征的，指示的，表示……的"，常与介词 of 连用；positive"确定的，绝对的"；revealing"有启迪作用的"；evident"明显的，显然的"。由关键词 reduced vote 与 lack of support 的关系可推知这里表示"表示或表明……"的意思，故 D 项正确。
【答案】3.C 【解析】名词词义辨析。maxim"格言，准则"；motto"座右铭，格言，箴言"；tenet"（特别指理论或信仰的）原则，信条，教义"；discipline"学科，纪律，训练，惩罚"。由关键词 contemporary psychology 及"拥有好的社交网络有助于一个人的心理健康"知这里指"当代心理学的准则"，故 C 项正确。
【答案】4.C 【解析】动词词义辨析。modify"修改，修饰，更改"；accelerate"加速，促进"；simulate"模仿，假装，冒充"；duplicate"复制，使加倍"。由关键词 a violent act previously seen on television 知这里表示"模仿"的意思，故 C 项正确。
【答案】5.C 【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently"一贯地，一致地"；invariably"总是，不变地"；consequently"因此，因而，所以"；fortunately"幸运地"。由 Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards 知前后句为因果关系，故 C 项正确。
【答案】6.A 【解析】形容词词义辨析。adverse"不利的，敌对的，相反的"；attempt"企图，试图"；overreached 不是形容词形式；defeated"挨打的，被打败的"。由关键词 effect 为名词知这里应填一个形容词，由此可以排除 B 项与 C 项；剩余选项中 A 项"不利的"意思更加符合。
【答案】7.B 【解析】形容词词义辨析。irrefutable"不可反驳的，驳不倒的"；irreversible"不可逆的，不能取消的"；irreplaceable"不能替代的，不能调换的"；irritable"易怒的，急躁的"。由关键词 skincare manufacturers 及 despite 知护肤品并不能延缓衰老，即衰老的趋势是"不可逆的"，故 B 项正确。
【答案】8.A 【解析】动词词义辨析。dominate"控制，支配，占优势"；enforce"实施，执行"；enhance"提高，增强"；dispose"处理，安排"。由关键词 while 的转折关系及与 control 的对应知这里填一个跟 control"控制"同义的词，故 A 项正确。
【答案】9.B 【解析】形容词词义辨析。corrupt"腐败的，贪污的"；cornered"被逼入绝境的，走投无路的"；ingredient"成分，因素"；cover"覆盖，掩护"。由关键词 almost went to bankruptcy 知公司在财政上"走投无路"，故 B 项正确。
【答案】10.D 【解析】形容词词义辨析。productive"能生产的，多产的，富有成效的"；popular"流行的，受欢迎的，普及的"；possible"可能的，合理的"；prevalent"（贬义）盛行的，普遍存在的"。由关键词 a sign both of industrialization and pollution 知"酸雨盛行"符合语境，故 D 项正确。
【答案】11.C 【解析】动词词义辨析。refute"反驳，驳斥"；refuse"拒绝，不愿，抵制"；retort"（不正式用语）反驳，反击"；reject"拒绝，驳回"。由关键词 utter"说出"知 C 项更符合语境。
【答案】12.C 【解析】名词词义辨析。scarcity"稀少，不足"；command"命令，控制"；hunger"渴望，饥饿"；request"请求，要求"。由关键词 a feeling of emptiness 知"空虚感"，C 项"渴望"正确。
【答案】13.D 【解析】动词词义辨析。stress"强调"；interrupt"中断，打断"；explain"说明，解释"；elaborate"精心制作，详细阐述"。由关键词 wander from"离题"及 caught his audience's interest 知这里指"详细阐述"引起听众兴趣的点，故 D 项正确。
【答案】14.A 【解析】动词词义辨析。evade"逃避，回避"；execute"实施，执行"；condemn"谴责，判刑"；resist"抵抗，抵制"。由关键词 considerable resources 及 government controls 知银行家"逃避"政府监管，故 A 项正确。
【答案】15.A 【解析】动词词义辨析。deviate"偏离，背离"；refrain"克制，避免"；derive"获得，起源"；escape"逃脱，逃避"。由关键词 the highest standards of honor 及 never 知"偏离"符合语境，故 A 项正确。
【答案】16.C 【解析】副词词义辨析。lazily"懒惰地，慢吞吞地"；indifferently"冷淡地，不关心地"；hazily"模糊地，朦胧地"；hastily"匆忙地，草率地"。由关键词 seldom make the fullest use of their blessed faculties"很少充分利用他们的天赋官能"知他们对视听是"模糊地"感受，故 C 项正确。
【答案】17.C 【解析】副词词义辨析。indistinctly"不清楚地"，不与 of 连用；irrelevantly"不相干地，不切题地"，与介词 to 连用；independently"独立地，自立地"，可与介词 of 连用；separately"分别地，分离地"，与介词 from 连用。由关键词 inseparable in fact 知空格处应填"分开的或独立的"，由此知 C 项正确。
【答案】18.B 【解析】名词词义辨析。growth"增长，发展，生长"；nurture"养育，教养，营养物"；promotion"提升，促销，促进"；creation"创造，创作物"。由关键词 genetics and environment 及 nature vs. 知这里指"先天与后天"之争，故 B 项正确。
【答案】19.C 【解析】副词词义辨析。分析题干结构，根据关键词 the next day 可知空白处首先应填入一个指代 the next day 的副词，即 then；另外 I could thank him for the present 这部分为时间状语，引导词应该用 before，故答案为 C。
【答案】20.C 【解析】动词词义辨析。contend"主张，为……斗争"；contempt"（只有名词形式）轻视，蔑视"；contemplate"沉思，深思熟虑"；content"使满足"。由关键词 think it over carefully and for a long time"长时间仔细思考"知与"沉思"符合，故 C 项正确。
Part II Reading Comprehension (30%)
参考答案：21.A 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.D 26.D 27.A 28.D 29.C 30.C
31.A 32.D 33.D 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.D 40.B
41.D 42.A 43.C 44.B 45.A 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.C 50.B

【答案】21.A 【解析】文章第一句指出史学家最近才注意到十八世纪英国对豪华奢侈商品和服务的需求有增长的现象，而后接着例举 McKendrick 和 Plumb 的例子，知 A 项"例举帮助建立十八世纪英格兰消费增长事实的史学家"正确；也由此知 C 项与 D 项不正确；B 项在文中没有体现。
【答案】22.B 【解析】推理判断题。由第二段中 has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general 中的 opposition"抵抗"可推知"敌意"最符合，故 B 项正确。
【答案】23.A 【解析】细节事实题。由第三段中 This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer 及 Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient 可知作者对这里的两种解释是"质疑的"；再由 Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? 可知作者在这里"提出了一种可能的另外解释"，故 A 项正确。
【答案】24.D 【解析】细节事实题。由第三段先提及 To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy 及而后例举 Veblen 的例子可推知"Veblen 的例子是解释消费者购买的动机"，故 D 项正确。
【答案】25.D 【解析】细节事实题。由最后一段中 the insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for the frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world 及关键词 foreshadows 可推知"十八世纪的英国和我们当代世界中的消费需求是相似的"，故 D 项正确。
【答案】26.D 【解析】细节事实题。题干问 USPS 受到指责的正确原因。由 Newspaper headlines bemoan the "Postal Disservice" and cry for privatization 知垄断是原因之一；由 Oklahoma legislators have passed a resolution challenging the service's tax-exempt status 知免税地位是原因；由 Global Priority Mail and Global Package Link 的失败知滥用资金是原因，故 D 项"以上全部"正确。
【答案】27.A 【解析】细节事实题。由第一段 its government-mandated monopoly is one reason. But size is another 知 B 项与 D 项符合原文；由 The service pays no sales or property taxes 知 C 项符合原文；由 Global Priority Mail and Global Package Link flopped 知这些项目是失败的，故 A 项不符合原文，为答案选项。
【答案】28.D 【解析】细节事实题。由 Unless it undergoes radical reform soon, the U.S. Postal Service's days are probably numbered 知 D 项"彻底的改革"正确；A、B、C 项均不是 USPS 存活的真正机会。
【答案】29.C 【解析】细节事实题。由 Besides gaining access to that "last mile" to someone's mailbox, FedEx could leverage the arrangement by planting drop-off boxes in post-office lobbies 知真正的受惠者是 FedEx 公司，故 C 项正确。
【答案】30.C 【解析】词汇题。由 languish 所在句子及 support 与 plea 在句中的位置明显可排除 A 项与 B 项；suggest 缺乏一个执行动作的主语，故 D 项也不正确；由此知 C 项"衰落"正确。
【答案】31.A 【解析】细节事实题。由 the language of advertisement was simple, the music insipid and the images coarse and crude 知 A 项"因为广告制作得不好且没有吸引力"正确。
【答案】32.D 【解析】细节事实题。由 A few years ago, when advertisements began to appear in the Chinese media, most people, including myself, were against the practice 知 D 项"当广告几年前出现时，很少人表示支持"正确。
【答案】33.D 【解析】细节事实题。由 I found that we were no longer as disgusted with the commercials as we had been before 知 D 项"我们不再像以前那样讨厌看广告"正确。
【答案】34.C 【解析】词汇题。由 Where there is a mountain, there is a road; where there is a road, there is a Toyota 知这里的 absurd 指"荒谬的，可笑的"，C 项"ridiculous"正确。
【答案】35.D 【解析】细节事实题。由 the main function of advertisements is to disseminate information 知 A 项符合；由 the information provided by advertisements is doubtless the most direct comprehensive and detailed 知 B 项与 C 项符合；"广告能为我们带来幸福"在文中没有提及，故 D 项为答案选项。
【答案】36.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits... in strikingly original ways. 可知贝多芬以一种令人瞩目的独创方式利用各种从前辈继承下来的限制条件，故 A 项正确。
【答案】37.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据 For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. 可知能够使不同现象以更加和谐方式相互关联的新理论就是创造性科学所创造的理论，故 C 项正确。
【答案】38.B 【解析】细节事实题。根据 whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music 可知 B 项正确。
【答案】39.D 【解析】观点态度题。根据 Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form 可知作者对于那种认为创造性艺术可以超越现有模式限制的观点是不赞同的，故 D 项"深度怀疑"最准确。
【答案】40.B 【解析】细节事实题。文章第一段提到 Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary，可知 A 项有回复信息；文章最后一段提到 Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro 及 Beethoven 与 Handel、Bach 的关系，可知 C、D 项有回复信息；文中只提及 Monteverdi 一人，故 B 项为答案选项。
【答案】41.D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段先提出 Walzer 认为的经济平等是对社会财富的彻底重新分配，第二三段对 Walzer 的经济平等观点进行了概述和评判性分析，故 D 项"概述与评判性地分析了 Walzer 的经济平等观点"正确。
【答案】42.A 【解析】细节事实题。由 People who excel should receive the superior benefits appropriate to their excellence 知 C 项在文中有提及；由 Each deserves its proper recompense 知 B 项在文中有提及；由 Walzer characterizes capitalism as the tyranny of money 知 D 项在文中有提及；A 项"社会财富的合适等级"在文中没有提及，故为答案选项。
【答案】43.C 【解析】推理判断题。由 we owe different duties to different qualities, so we might say that infatuation is the proper response to charm, and awe the proper response to strength 可知与 veracity"诚实"对应的品质应为 trust"信任"，故 C 项正确。
【答案】44.B 【解析】细节事实题。由 But people exhibit a great variety of qualities... Each deserves its proper recompense 知 Walzer 与众不同的是构成"品质"的广义概念，故 B 项正确。
【答案】45.A 【解析】细节事实题。由 Yet, under capitalism, the ability to make money ("the green thumb of bourgeois society") enables its possessor to acquire almost "every other sort of social good" 及 Walzer characterizes capitalism as the tyranny of money 可知 A 项正确。
【答案】46.D 【解析】细节事实题。由 the vocabulary will probably continue to expand 知 C 项符合；由 Meaning will depend more and more upon word order and context, and spelling will become simpler 知 A 项与 B 项符合；由此知 D 项"以上全部"正确。
【答案】47.C 【解析】细节事实题。由 the mass went right on speaking Anglo-Saxon and reestablished itself as the language of the upper classes 知 C 项"盎格鲁-撒克逊语被设置为主导语言"正确。
【答案】48.A 【解析】细节事实题。由 Such changes take place only by generations or decades at the fastest, so they pass unnoticed by all but grammarians 知 A 项"因为变化逐步地在一代或几十年里发生"正确。
【答案】49.C 【解析】细节事实题。由 Nobody knows why all these changes are being made 知 C 项"无人知晓确切的原因"正确。
【答案】50.B 【解析】细节事实题。由 Most of these new words have not come from borrowing, but from the natural growth of language 知 B 项"语言的自然增长"正确。
Part III Cloze (10%)
参考答案：51.A 52.D 53.B 54.D 55.C 56.C 57.B 58.B 59.A 60.B
61.A 62.D 63.B 64.B 65.D 66.C 67.B 68.B 69.B 70.A

【答案】51.A 【解析】逻辑关系。空格前先提及"任何国家的生活标准意味着对其生产的商品和服务的人均分享"，这里再次提及 A country's standard of living，知这里应填一个表示"因此或所以"的词，故 A 项 therefore 正确。
【答案】52.D 【解析】固定搭配。first and foremost"首先，首要地"，故 D 项正确。
【答案】53.B 【解析】逻辑关系。由句意"因为我们不是靠钱，而是靠钱可以购买的东西来生活"知这里是否定前面而肯定后面，四个选项中明显只有 but"而是"符合语境，故 B 项正确。
【答案】54.D 【解析】词义辨析。recreation"（偏向于个人）娱乐"；enlightenment"启迪，启蒙"；refreshment"起提神作用的东西"；entertainment"（偏向于公众）娱乐，款待"。由关键词 services 并结合选项知 D 项正确。
【答案】55.C 【解析】语法题。由句子结构知这里需要填写一个关系代词来指代前面的 many factors；再由介词 of 在所填的关系代词前知只有 C 项 which 正确。
【答案】56.C 【解析】固定搭配。由 to an extent"在一定程度上"知 C 项正确。
【答案】57.B 【解析】词义辨析。neutral"中立的，中性的"；favorable"有利的，良好的"；virtuous"善良的，有道德的"；marine"海生的，海产的"。由 a fertile soil 的并列关系可推知"气候应该是良好或适宜的"，故 B 项正确。
【答案】58.B 【解析】语法题。由空格处明显为一般现在时态且 the ability 为第三人称单数知谓语动词也需用第三人称单数形式，由此知 B 项正确。
【答案】59.A 【解析】词义辨析。well off"富裕的，处境好的"；well known"众所周知的，出名的"；well done"做得好"；well furnished"（房间）布置得好"。由 natural resources 可推知这里指"自然资源丰富或富裕"，故 A 项正确。
【答案】60.B 【解析】词义辨析。military"军事的"；external"外部的，对外的"；contemporary"当代的"；domestic"国内的，家庭的"。由 civil 与 war 构成 civil war"内战"的对比关系可推知这里指"中国经历的内战与对外战争"，由此知 B 项正确。
【答案】61.A 【解析】语法题。由句意明显知这里需要填写一个表示"因为"的连词；because of、because 及 due to 在表示"因为或由于"的意思时一般要求句子主干部分的主语不能省略，而这里在 was 前明显省略了主语 China，由此知 A 项正确。
【答案】62.D 【解析】词义辨析。impossible"不可能的"；incapable"（偏指本身不具有能力的）无能力的"；proficient"熟练的，精通的"；unable"（偏指外因导致不具有能力的）不能的"。由"内战与对外战争"是外部原因知 D 项正确。
【答案】63.B 【解析】固定搭配。一般用 sound and stable political conditions"良好和稳定的政治环境"，故 B 项正确。
【答案】64.B 【解析】词义辨析。liberty"（偏向于政治经济和人权上的）解放，自由"；freedom"（偏向于更广泛意义上的）自由"；prevention"防止，预防"；liberation"释放，解放"。由 foreign invasion 知这里指广义上的"免于外敌入侵的自由"，故 B 项正确。
【答案】65.D 【解析】词义辨析。assist"辅助，援助"；avenge"报复"；rescue"营救，援救"；serve"提供，招待"。结合此处语境知这里讲"相比被自然平等地提供资源但国家次序较不好的国家"，故 D 项正确。
【答案】66.C 【解析】逻辑关系。由 through international trade 及 grown at home 的对应关系可推知这里指"在我们自己的国界内"，故 C 项 within"在……之内"正确。
【答案】67.B 【解析】逻辑关系。由空格前先提及"……不仅依赖于……而且还依赖于……"及紧接着说"英国财富的问题"知这里使用英国财富的例子来举例，由此知 B 项 for example"例如"正确。
【答案】68.B 【解析】逻辑关系。由空格前后的对比关系知这里要用一个代词来代替空格前的 foodstuffs and other agricultural products，由此知 B 项 those"那些"正确。
【答案】69.B 【解析】词义辨析。likely"可能的"；otherwise"否则，在其他方面"；certainty"确实"；certainly"肯定地"。结合此处语境知 otherwise"否则"符合语境，故 B 项正确。
【答案】70.A 【解析】词义辨析。provided that"如果，倘若"；given that"只要是，考虑到"；supposed that"推测，认为"。由句意"如果其它国家被发现愿意接受其制成品"知 A 项"如果，倘若"更符合语境，故 A 项正确。
Part IV Translation（参考译文）
Section A Chinese to English（参考译文）：
Tibet is located in Southwest China. The people who lived there struck up links with the Han in the Central Plains long before the Christian era. By the Tang Dynasty (AD 618—907), the Tibetans and Hans had, through marriages between royal families and other alliances, cemented unity and political friendship and formed close economic and cultural relations. This created a solid foundation for the ultimate founding of a unified nation. In the mid-13th century, Tibet was officially incorporated into the territory of China's Yuan Dynasty. Since then, although China experienced several dynastic changes, Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China.
Section B English to Chinese（参考译文）：
美国同胞们，不要问国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么，而要问我们共同能为人类的自由做些什么。最后，不论你们是美国公民还是其他国家的公民，你们应要求我们献出我们同样要求于你们的高度力量和牺牲。问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判，让我们走向前去，引导我们所热爱的国家。
Part V Writing（参考范文）
Section A（投诉信）：
Dear manager,
I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about the bad service I encountered in your shop last Sunday. That saleswoman (No.112) was by no means patient enough to answer my questions about the products. She was so eagerly talking with her friend on the telephone that she just turned a deaf ear to my questions. I felt disappointed that such bad service could have happened in such a chain store. I hope you attach importance to this matter and help settle it as soon as possible. If it is not properly settled, I will not buy anything in your shop in future and will inform my friends of the terrible service.
Best regards,
Yours faithfully,
Wang Ping

Section B（议论文：The Importance of Setting Reasonable and Reachable Goals）：
Setting goals usually plays an important role in helping you know your abilities and work hard to reach your goals. Some people tend to set an unlikely goal, while other people prefer to set a more realistic goal. As for me, setting reasonable and reachable goals plays an important role in achieving success. The reasons are as follow.
Realistic goals are achievable, so they bolster your enthusiasm for working out and keep you on track. For example, a study published in a 2002 issue of "Perceptual Motor Skills" found that exercisers who set reachable goals were less likely to drop out of an exercise program and attended more exercise sessions than exercisers who had no particular goals. What is more important is that when you set a realistic goal and achieve it, you feel accomplished and inspired to keep going. Realistic goals enhance your self-esteem and motivate you to continue to work toward your ultimate intention.
In contrast, impossible goals can lead to disappointment and frustration. You may fail to recognize progress you are making because you are so determined to meet some unattainable level. Say you start exercising with the intention to lose 20 pounds in two weeks—a nearly impossible task. After two weeks, you lose 6 pounds, which is commendable, but you feel like a failure because you didn't meet your initial goals.
In general, it is advisable to set reasonable and reachable goals in daily life since realistic goals enhance your self-esteem while impossible goals can lead to disappointment and frustration.