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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，郑州大学 2013 年（B 卷）考博英语涵盖听力理解、词汇、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作六大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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The wealth of a country should be measured ______ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.
A. in regard to B. in line with C. in terms of D. by means of
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To the great disappointment of the public, the wanted suspect in the murder case so far remains ______.
A. in prison B. in freedom C. at ease D. at large
Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that's not what I did.
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn't even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren't studying science or engineering.
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According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can ______.
A. become noble idealists B. broaden their horizons C. balance engineering and the liberal arts D. receive guidance in their careers
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The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he ______.
A. intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist B. wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality C. wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal arts courses in college D. intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals
建设生态文明，是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计。面对生态系统退化的严峻形势，我们必须树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念，把生态文明建设放在突出地位，融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各个方面和全过程，努力建设美丽中国，实现中华民族的永续发展。
Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the topic "My View On Pedestrians' Violation of Traffic Rules". You should state your view, support it with details, and make a conclusion.
- 考点定位：本题考查短语搭配，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “衡量标准” 的语义逻辑。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. in regard to（关于）；B. in line with（符合）；C. in terms of（依据，按照）；D. by means of（借助于）。语境为 “衡量国家财富的依据”，“in terms of” 强调判断标准，符合语义，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查词组辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦 “通缉犯状态” 的语义匹配。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. in prison（在狱中）；B. in freedom（自由地）；C. at ease（安逸）；D. at large（未被捕的）。根据 “公众失望” 可推断通缉犯仍未归案，“at large” 符合语境，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “工科生与文科生交流意义” 的精准查找。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren't studying science or engineering”，“expand my vision” 与 “broaden their horizons” 同义，故选 [B]。
[A]“成为高尚的理想主义者” 是作者自身定位，非交流的结果；[C]“平衡工科与文科” 是作者的理想，未实现；[D]“获得职业指导” 未在原文提及，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对 “作者选择院校原因” 的深度推导。
- 答案详解：原文提到作者希望成为 “technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one”（技术天才与感性人文主义者的结合体），这是其选择文理学院的核心原因，故选 [A]。
[B]“成为务实理性的典范” 与作者 “理想主义者” 的自我定位相悖；[C]“协调工科与文科课程” 是选择后的尝试，非初衷；[D]“成为有高尚理想的明智学生” 是他人评价，非作者核心动机，故排除。
Promoting ecological progress is a long-term task of vital importance to the people's wellbeing and China's future. Faced with a deteriorating ecosystem, we must establish the ecological awareness of respecting, following and protecting nature. We must give high priority to ecological progress, incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of economic, political, cultural and social development, strive to build a beautiful China, and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.
- 考点定位：本题考查时政类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“生态文明” 译为 “ecological progress”（官方标准译法），“尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然” 译为 “respecting, following and protecting nature”，“美丽中国” 译为 “a beautiful China”，“永续发展” 译为 “sustainable development”，符合时政翻译规范。
- 句式优化：将中文长句拆分為逻辑连贯的英文分句，用 “Faced with” 体现被动关系，“give high priority to”“incorporate...into...” 等短语准确传递 “突出地位”“融入” 的语义，避免句式堆砌。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “生态文明的重要性、核心理念、实施路径及目标” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递国家政策内涵。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “行人违章是否该处罚” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
My View On Pedestrians' Violation of Traffic Rules
I firmly hold that pedestrians who violate traffic rules should be punished. This measure is not only necessary to maintain traffic order but also crucial to protecting public safety.
Firstly, pedestrian violations have become a major threat to traffic safety. Phenomena like "Chinese-style road crossing" often lead to traffic jams and even serious accidents. Statistics show that nearly half of urban traffic accidents are related to pedestrian violations, which causes great losses to life and property. Secondly, traffic rules are binding on all road users, including pedestrians. Just as drivers are fined for running red lights, pedestrians who break the rules should also take corresponding responsibilities. This reflects the fairness and authority of the law. Finally, punishment can effectively raise pedestrians' awareness of abiding by rules. Mild penalties such as fines or warnings can remind people to pay attention to traffic safety and form good habits.
In conclusion, punishing pedestrians for traffic violations is an effective way to maintain traffic order and ensure public safety. It helps foster a sense of rule-abiding among citizens. Only when all road users respect traffic rules can we create a safe and smooth traffic environment.
- 结构：遵循 “明确观点 — 分点论证（安全威胁、法律公平、意识提升）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 200 词要求；
- 内容：结合 “中国式过马路”“事故数据” 等具体论据，论据充分，贴合社会现实；
- 语言：使用 “violate traffic rules, traffic jams, binding, foster a sense of rule-abiding” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为郑州大学 2013 年（B 卷）考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的短语搭配、阅读理解的细节提取、翻译的时政术语规范及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
郑州大学考博真题是郑州大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考郑州大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。郑州大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
