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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇语法、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为湖南大学 2012 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- Behaviorists ______ research the relation between actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.
- People like being trusted. They are annoyed, angry, or feel hurt if they are regarded with ______.
A. superstition B. supervision C. suspicion D. suspension
It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia.
The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.
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The writer's attitude toward nuclear energy is
A. indifferent B. tolerant C. favorable D. negative
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According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is TRUE of nuclear energy?
A. Primitive. B. Cheap C. Exhaustible. D. Unsafe.
随着对知识内涵的认识加深，人类也从不同角度对知识进行了分类。
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
Directions: In this part of writing, you are required to write a composition for no more than 300 words based on the following information.
If you had an opportunity to invite three researchers in the research field which you are interested in, who would you like to invite? What questions would you like to ask in order to start, continue and finish your conversations with them?
- 考点定位：本题聚焦定语从句引导词，是语法部分的基础核心考点，考查对先行词与从句关系的判断。
- 答案详解：
先行词为 “Behaviorists”（行为主义者），指人，且从句 “______ research the relation between actions and their consequences” 缺少主语，故需用关系代词 who 或 that 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦名词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对语境语义的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
选项分析：
- [A] superstition：意为 “迷信”，与 “被信任” 的语境无关；
- [B] supervision：意为 “监督”，代入语境 “被监督会生气” 逻辑不通；
- [C] suspicion：意为 “怀疑”，符合语境 “人们喜欢被信任，若被怀疑会感到恼怒、生气或受伤”；
- [D] suspension：意为 “暂停、悬挂”，语义与语境不符。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦作者态度判断，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对全文情感倾向的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
作者开篇提及核能的所谓优势，但随后通过 “however” 转折，重点阐述核能的弊端：对环境和公民自由构成直接威胁、成本高昂、可能引发生态灾难等。结尾明确指出 “有充分的经济和生态理由选择核能以外的能源”，可见作者对核能持否定态度。
- [A]“漠不关心的”、[B]“宽容的”、[C]“支持的” 均与原文情感倾向矛盾，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对反对者观点的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties”，即反对者认为核电站对环境和公民自由构成直接威胁，本质是认为核能不安全。
- [A]“原始的” 是反对者不认同的观点（原文提到 “期望回归更原始的燃料来源是错误的”）；[B]“廉价的” 是支持者的观点，反对者认为其成本高昂；[C]“会枯竭的” 原文未提及，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦主谓宾结构翻译，核心考查 “随着…… 加深”“从不同角度”“进行分类” 等固定表达，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 固定表达：“随着对…… 认识加深” 译为 “With the deepening understanding of...”；“从不同角度” 译为 “from different perspectives”；“对知识进行分类” 译为 “classify knowledge”；
- 主谓一致：主语 “人类” 译为 “human beings”，谓语用复数 “have classified”，体现动作的完成性。
参考译文：With the deepening understanding of the connotation of knowledge, human beings have also classified knowledge from different perspectives.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦并列结构与名词词义精准翻译，核心考查 “serve for”“ornament”“disposition of business” 等短语，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 并列结构：“serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability” 译为 “足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才”，保留原文排比结构，符合中文表达习惯；
- 词义精准：“privateness and retiring” 译为 “独处幽居之时”；“discourse” 译为 “高谈阔论之中”；“judgment and disposition of business” 译为 “处事决断之中”；
- 语义流畅：拆分长句为短句，使译文节奏明快，贴合原文简洁有力的风格。
参考译文：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处事决断之中。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦情景式议论文写作，核心考查对科研领域的认知、问题设计的逻辑性及学术语言表达能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Inviting Three Researchers in the Field of Artificial Intelligence
If I could invite three researchers in artificial intelligence (AI), I would choose Fei-Fei Li, Demis Hassabis, and Andrew Ng—pioneers who have shaped AI’s development from academia to application.
To start the conversation, I would ask Fei-Fei Li: “As a leader in computer vision and AI ethics, how do you balance technological innovation with the prevention of AI bias, especially in areas like medical diagnosis that involve human lives?” This question touches on her core research and current industry concerns. To continue, I would turn to Demis Hassabis: “Your team at DeepMind has achieved breakthroughs in AGI and medical AI. What challenges do you think are the most difficult to overcome in making AI truly understand human needs rather than just follow instructions?” This explores the frontier of his work. Finally, to wrap up, I would ask Andrew Ng: “You have long advocated for ‘AI for everyone.’ How can we ensure that the benefits of AI are equally accessible to developing countries and marginalized groups, avoiding a technological divide?”
These questions connect their research focus, practical applications, and social responsibilities. Through such a conversation, I could gain insights into AI’s current limitations and future directions, which would inspire my own research.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “确定邀请对象 — 设计开篇 / 承接 / 收尾问题 — 说明问题设计意义” 的逻辑，贴合题目要求；
- 内容：邀请对象聚焦 AI 领域权威，问题设计紧扣其研究核心，兼具专业性与连贯性，篇幅控制在 300 词内；
- 语言：使用 “pioneers, shaped, breakthroughs, marginalized groups, technological divide” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、宾语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为湖南大学 2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的夯实、阅读理解的逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的逻辑架构与内容深度，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，夯实备考基础。
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