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2007年华中科技大学高等工程数学考博真题试卷
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2019年华中科技大学3556英语专业综合（翻译方向）考博真题
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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦阅读理解、翻译等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为华中科技大学 2012 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities - as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over $3 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them.
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The primary purpose of the text is to ______
[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.
[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.
[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.
[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.
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According to the text, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have ______
[A] been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.
[B] been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.
[C] not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.
[D] not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.
北京，7 月 11 日 — 中国警方命令一个报道中国社会和经济发展超过 10 年的知名西方时事通讯刊物停刊，该刊物的英国编辑如是说。中国发展简报在北京有 11 位雇员，关注贫穷救助、环境保护、计划生育、国际扶助项目、中国民间团体等新闻。该刊创立于 1996 年，发行中文和英文两种版本，并提供网上浏览。
OZARK, Ark, -- Brenda Farmer and Willie Blanscet have sat across from each other on the Butterball bagging line for 17 years, 102 cold, raw turkeys sliding by in front of them every minute. "Me and Willie look at each other and say, 'How in the world can anybody eat this much turkey?'" Mrs. Farmer said. For $11.40 an hour, the women, both in their 60s, cull the good from the bad.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦主旨大意，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对全文核心内容的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
文章开篇介绍少数族裔企业获得了前所未有的发展机会，随后通过具体数据说明企业合作规模的增长，接着重点分析了这种发展背后存在的三大潜在风险（扩张过快、被当作 “幌子”、过度依赖单一客户）。核心是 “描述一种现状及其潜在弊端”。
- [A]“呈现常见观点及其不准确之处”，文中未提及对某观点的反驳；[C]“提出临时解决方案”，文章仅分析问题未给出解决方案；[D]“分析分歧的常见来源”，文中无 “分歧” 相关论述，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对少数族裔企业传统劣势的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons... is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies”，即少数族裔企业难以获得大公司产生的大额订单和分包合同，也就是 “没有足够机会获得大公司创造的业务”。
- [A]“易受政府经济管理不善影响”、[B]“被拒绝获得与大型竞争对手相当的银行贷款利率”、[D]“无法在覆盖大量潜在客户的媒体上做广告” 均未在原文提及，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉语长句翻译，核心考查时事类词汇（如 “时事通讯刊物”“民间团体”）及并列结构，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心术语：“时事通讯刊物” 译为 “current affairs newsletter”，“贫穷救助” 译为 “poverty alleviation”，“环境保护” 译为 “environmental protection”，“计划生育” 译为 “family planning”，“民间团体” 译为 “civil society organizations”；
- 句式调整：将汉语多个短句整合为英文复合句，用 “which” 引导定语从句修饰 “刊物”，“关注” 译为 “covers”，“发行” 译为 “publishes”，“提供网上浏览” 译为 “provides online access”，符合英文表达习惯；
- 时间与地点：“7 月 11 日” 译为 “July 11th”，“北京” 译为 “in Beijing”，位置符合英文新闻表达规范。
参考译文：Beijing, July 11th -- Chinese police have ordered a well-known Western current affairs newsletter that has covered China's social and economic development for more than 10 years to cease publication, said the British editor of the publication. China Development Brief has 11 employees in Beijing, covering news such as poverty alleviation, environmental protection, family planning, international aid projects, and Chinese civil society organizations. Founded in 1996, the publication issues both Chinese and English versions and provides online access.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦英文对话与场景描写翻译，核心考查口语化表达（如 “How in the world...”）及工作场景词汇，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 口语化处理：“How in the world can anybody eat this much turkey?” 译为 “世上怎么会有人能吃这么多火鸡啊？”，保留原文的惊讶语气；“Me and Willie” 译为 “我和威利”，符合口语习惯；
- 核心短语：“bagging line” 译为 “装袋生产线”，“cold, raw turkeys” 译为 “冰冷生涩的火鸡”，“slide by” 译为 “从眼前滑过”，“cull the good from the bad” 译为 “挑出优质的火鸡，剔除次品”；
- 细节准确：“for 17 years” 译为 “17 年了”，“$11.40 an hour” 译为 “时薪 11.40 美元”，“both in their 60s” 译为 “两人都已 60 多岁”，完整传达原文信息。
参考译文：阿肯色州奥扎克讯 —— 布伦达・法默和威利・布兰西特在巴特博尔公司的装袋生产线上相对而坐了 17 年，每分钟有 102 只冰冷生涩的火鸡从她们眼前滑过。“我和威利对视一眼，都会说‘世上怎么会有人能吃这么多火鸡啊？’” 法默夫人说。这两位 60 多岁的女士时薪 11.40 美元，负责挑出优质的火鸡，剔除次品。
以上仅为华中科技大学 2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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