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中国地质大学研究生院
2005年博士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：    英  语
适用专业：    各专业
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I. Read the two passages and then answer the following questions (25%)
Passage One:
The Present Is the Most Important
Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights' Entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be, music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, -- that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, but who think that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that "there was a king's son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which he lived. One of his father's ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme." We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives in conceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.
Questions for Passage One:
1) What's the writer's attitude toward the arts?
2) What does the author believe about a child?
3) What problem is the passage primarily concerned with?
Passage Two:
Forecasting of Statistics
Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that "high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume." We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.
Questions for Passage Two:
4) What was the taxation in Roman days apparently based on?
5) According to the passage, what is the message that the author wishes the reader to get?
II. Read the following passage and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (25%)
(1) Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can't lose. And it's an unreliable guide to the future. What seems to be the perfect business plan or the latest technology today may soon be as out-of-date as the eight-track tape player, the vacuum-tube television, or the mainframe computer. I've watched it happen.
(2) History is a good teacher, though, and observing many companies over a long period of time can teach us principles that will help us with strategies for the years ahead.
(3) Just because I'm optimistic doesn't mean that I don't have concerns about what's going to happen to all of us. Major changes always involve tradeoffs, and the benefits of the information society will carry costs. Societies are going to be asked to make hard choices about the universal availability of technology, investment in education, regulation, and the balance between individual privacy and community security. We'll confront tough new problems, many of which we can foresee. In some business sectors, dislocations will create a need for worker retraining.
(4) The availability of virtually free communications and computing will alter the relationships of nations and of socioeconomic groups within nations. The power and versatility of digital technology will raise new concerns about individual privacy, commercial confidentiality, and national security.
(5) There are equity issues that will have to be addressed because the information society should serve all of its citizens, not just the technically sophisticated and the economically privileged. I don't necessarily have the solutions to the many issues and problems we'll confront, but as I said at the beginning of this book, now is a good time for a broad debate to begin.
III. Translate the following passage into English (25%)
地球大气层正在转暖，这种迹象日趋明显，这向人们提出了一个重大问题，即：地球变暖在多大程度上应归咎于人类的活动，又在多大程度上是自然原因引起的？科学家们正在寻求答案，但是进展缓慢。一些专家认为，人类对气候的影响日益明显，甚至可能是近几十年来全球变暖的主导因素。但是这一观点并非人人赞同。而几乎所有的专家都承认，不管怎样，准确评价人类对气候的影响程度尚有待时日。
IV. Writing (25%)
Nowadays, with the frequent communication among countries, globalization has become a trend that no one could hold back. However, during the process, a lot of problems seem to present themselves, which have brought people into deep consideration. Ponder on the pros and cons of globalization, and then write an essay of about 200~250 words entitled:
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON ...
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.