中国传媒大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

中国传媒大学
2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试
英语试题

注意：答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效。
Part I. Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A (10%)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
1.
A. At a bookstore.
B. In a workshop.
C. At an art gallery.
D. In a department store.
2.
A. The man should stay up and watch the program.
B. The man should read something exciting instead.
C. The man should go to bed at eleven.
D. The man should give up watching the movie.
3.
A. She's worried about the speech.
B. She's afraid of the crowded place.
C. She is a bit scared of the public speaking.
D. She feels at home talking in the public.
4.
A. The woman is determined to go to the concert.
B. The man is eager to go to the concert.
C. The woman's mother can drive them to the concert.
D. The woman's mother will come with them.
5.
A. The man has just had another new stereo system.
B. The woman's stereo system is the newest on the market.
C. The man's stereo system is the cheapest one on the market.
D. The woman will also buy the same stereo system.
6.
A. He won't lend the notes to the woman.
B. He'll lend the notes to the woman after he copies them.
C. He won't be able to copy the notes.
D. He'll let the woman use the notes immediately.
7.
A. At 8:00.
B. At 8:15.
C. At 8:30.
D. At 8:45.
8.
A. The man doesn't want to move the table.
B. The woman will help the man move the table.
C. The woman will help the man paint the room.
D. The man will move the table by himself.
9.
A. The man should buy a new car.
B. The man should get his car fixed.
C. The man should sell his old car.
D. The man should drive less.
10.
A. The woman will go to the party.
B. The woman won't go to the party.
C. The woman will stay at home and watch TV.
D. The woman will go to the party with the man.
Section B (10%)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage 1
11.
A. The heart of an elderly person is stronger than that of a younger person.
B. The heart of a younger person is stronger than that of an elderly person.
C. The heart of an elderly person may not be weaker than that of a younger person.
D. The heart of an elderly person is as strong as that of a younger person.
12.
A. Elderly people do not do as much exercise as younger people.
B. Elderly people need more exercise than younger people.
C. Younger people do not need exercise.
D. Elderly people need less exercise than younger people.
13.
A. The heart of an elderly person does not weaken with age.
B. The heart of a younger person weakens with age.
C. The heart of an elderly person is not affected by age.
D. The heart of a younger person is stronger than that of an elderly person.
Passage 2
14.
A. Because they are in a hurry.
B. Because they are afraid of being late.
C. Because they want to catch the train.
D. Because they have to wait for the train.
15.
A. The man missed the train.
B. The man caught the train.
C. The man took a taxi to the station.
D. The man went to the station by bus.
16.
A. He took a taxi.
B. He took a bus.
C. He walked to the station.
D. He drove his car to the station.
Passage 3
17.
A. People in different countries have different ideas about work.
B. People in different countries have the same idea about work.
C. People in all countries work for the same purpose.
D. People in all countries work for different purposes.
18.
A. In some countries, work is a social problem.
B. In all countries, work is a social problem.
C. In some countries, work is not a social problem.
D. In all countries, work is not a social problem.
19.
A. People in some countries work to live.
B. People in some countries live to work.
C. People in all countries work to live.
D. People in all countries live to work.
20.
A. Work is important to people in all countries.
B. Work is not important to people in some countries.
C. Work is important to people in some countries.
D. Work is not important to people in all countries.
Part II. Vocabulary (10%)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
16. The government has ______ a new plan to encourage people to save water.
A. set up
B. set out
C. set about
D. set off
17. The company decided to ______ the old equipment and buy new machines.
A. do away with
B. do up
C. do without
D. do over
18. It is not easy to ______ the differences between the two parties.
A. make up for
B. make out
C. make up
D. make for
19. The old building was ______ to make room for a new shopping center.
A. pulled down
B. pulled up
C. pulled out
D. pulled in
20. The doctor told him to ______ smoking for the sake of his health.
A. give up
B. give in
C. give away
D. give out
21. The students were asked to ______ the new words after the teacher.
A. repeat
B. review
C. retell
D. recite
22. The police are ______ the cause of the accident.
A. looking into
B. looking for
C. looking after
D. looking out
23. She was ______ to hear that her husband had been injured in the accident.
A. shocked
B. surprised
C. amazed
D. astonished
24. The young man was ______ of having stolen the money.
A. accused
B. charged
C. blamed
D. criticized
25. The teacher asked the students to ______ the text after class.
A. go over
B. go through
C. go on
D. go out
26. The old man has ______ smoking for many years.
A. given up
B. given in
C. given away
D. given out
27. The students are ______ the coming examination.
A. preparing for
B. preparing
C. prepared for
D. prepared
28. The book is ______ more interesting than that one.
A. very
B. quite
C. far
D. rather
29. The little girl was ______ by the noise outside.
A. frightened
B. afraid
C. scared
D. terrified
30. The doctor ______ the patient to take more exercise.
A. advised
B. suggested
C. proposed
D. recommended
31. The old building ______ the 18th century.
A. dates back to
B. dates from
C. dates back
D. dates in
32. The students are ______ to hand in their homework on time.
A. required
B. demanded
C. requested
D. ordered
33. The new law will ______ from next month.
A. take effect
B. take place
C. take action
D. take part
34. The teacher ______ the students to be more careful in their spelling.
A. reminded
B. recalled
C. recognized
D. remembered
35. The company has ______ a new branch in Paris.
A. set up
B. set out
C. set about
D. set off
Part III. Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage 1
The most striking single fact about the growth of cities is its rapidity. A century ago, only a small proportion of the world's population lived in cities. Today, in the industrialized countries, the majority of people live in urban areas. This shift from a predominantly rural to a predominantly urban population is one of the most significant social transformations in human history.
The growth of cities has been accompanied by a host of problems. Housing shortages, traffic congestion, air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, crime, and the breakdown of traditional social structures are just a few of the problems that plague modern cities. Yet, cities continue to grow, and people continue to move to them. Why?
The answer lies in the economic opportunities that cities offer. Cities are centers of commerce, industry, education, and culture. They offer a wider range of jobs, better schools, more hospitals, and greater cultural amenities than rural areas. For many people, the city represents opportunity and excitement. It is a place where they can pursue their dreams, find fulfillment, and make a better life for themselves and their families.
But the problems of cities are real and pressing. If cities are to remain livable and healthy places, these problems must be addressed. This will require not only the investment of money and resources, but also the cooperation and commitment of individuals, businesses, and governments.
36. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. The growth of cities has been slow.
B. Most people lived in cities a century ago.
C. The growth of cities has been rapid and significant.
D. Rural areas are disappearing.
37. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem of cities?
A. Housing shortages.
B. Traffic congestion.
C. Unemployment.
D. Crime.
38. Why do people continue to move to cities?
A. Because cities are cleaner than rural areas.
B. Because cities offer more economic opportunities.
C. Because cities have less crime.
D. Because cities are quieter.
39. What does the author suggest about the problems of cities?
A. They are impossible to solve.
B. They will solve themselves.
C. They need to be addressed with cooperation and commitment.
D. They are not as serious as people think.
40. What is the best title for this passage?
A. The Problems of Cities.
B. Why People Move to Cities.
C. The Growth of Cities and Its Consequences.
D. Rural vs. Urban Life.
Passage 2
The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and access information. It has made it possible for people all over the world to connect with each other instantly, to share ideas and information, and to conduct business across borders. But the Internet has also brought new challenges and risks.
One of the biggest challenges is the issue of privacy. When we use the Internet, we leave a trail of data that can be collected, analyzed, and used by companies, governments, and other organizations. This data can reveal a great deal about our personal lives - our interests, our habits, our relationships, and even our political beliefs. The question is: who has the right to access this data, and how should it be used?
Another challenge is the spread of misinformation. The Internet makes it easy for anyone to publish information, regardless of its accuracy. False or misleading information can spread quickly and widely, causing real harm to individuals and society. This is a particular concern in areas such as health, politics, and finance, where incorrect information can have serious consequences.
Despite these challenges, the Internet remains a powerful tool for communication, education, and economic development. The key is to find ways to maximize its benefits while minimizing its risks.
41. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The Internet is the best invention of all time.
B. The Internet has both benefits and challenges.
C. The Internet should be regulated.
D. The Internet is too dangerous to use.
42. What does the word "trail" in the second paragraph mean?
A. A path through the woods.
B. Evidence of something that has happened.
C. A race or competition.
D. A marked route.
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of the Internet?
A. Privacy issues.
B. Spread of misinformation.
C. Identity theft.
D. Cyberbullying.
44. According to the passage, why is misinformation on the Internet particularly concerning?
A. Because it is always intentional.
B. Because it can cause real harm in important areas.
C. Because it is impossible to detect.
D. Because it only affects health.
45. What is the author's attitude toward the Internet?
A. Completely negative.
B. Completely positive.
C. Balanced and realistic.
D. Indifferent.
Passage 3
The history of transportation is a story of increasing speed and efficiency. From the earliest days of human civilization, people have sought faster and easier ways to travel from one place to another. The invention of the wheel, the development of roads, the domestication of animals for riding and pulling loads - all of these were important milestones in the history of transportation.
The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point. Steam engines were used to power trains and ships, greatly reducing travel times. The invention of the automobile and the airplane in the late 19th and early 20th centuries transformed transportation even further. Today, we can travel from one side of the world to the other in a matter of hours.
But the rapid development of transportation has also brought problems. Cars and airplanes consume huge amounts of fossil fuels, contributing to air pollution and climate change. Roads and airports take up valuable land. Traffic congestion wastes time and energy. And the dependence on foreign oil has created geopolitical tensions.
The challenge for the future is to develop transportation systems that are faster, more efficient, and less harmful to the environment. This will require new technologies, new fuels, and new ways of thinking about how we move people and goods.
46. What is the main theme of the passage?
A. The history of the Industrial Revolution.
B. The development and problems of transportation.
C. The invention of the airplane.
D. The future of technology.
47. What was a major turning point in transportation?
A. The invention of the wheel.
B. The Industrial Revolution.
C. The domestication of animals.
D. The development of roads.
48. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem of modern transportation?
A. Air pollution.
B. Traffic congestion.
C. Lack of comfort.
D. Climate change.
49. What does the word "milestones" in the first paragraph mean?
A. Stones placed along roads.
B. Important events or stages in development.
C. Signs showing distances.
D. Markers for measurement.
50. What does the author suggest about future transportation?
A. It should be abandoned.
B. It should focus only on speed.
C. It should be more environmentally friendly.
D. It will be the same as today.
Passage 4
Education is often called the great equalizer, the means by which individuals can improve their social and economic status regardless of their background. It is widely believed that education is the key to personal success and national prosperity. But is this belief fully justified?
There is no doubt that education plays a crucial role in individual development. It provides knowledge and skills, broadens horizons, and cultivates critical thinking. People with higher levels of education generally have better job opportunities, higher incomes, and greater job security. Education also contributes to social mobility, allowing talented individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds to rise in society.
At the national level, education is essential for economic growth and social progress. Countries with well-educated populations tend to have stronger economies, better health outcomes, and more stable political systems. Education is also important for addressing global challenges such as poverty, disease, and environmental degradation.
However, education is not a panacea. The quality of education varies widely, both within and between countries. Many schools are underfunded, understaffed, and unable to provide students with the skills they need. Moreover, education alone cannot solve deep-rooted social problems such as inequality, discrimination, and poverty. Education can open doors, but it cannot guarantee that everyone will walk through them.
51. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Education is the only solution to all problems.
B. Education is important but not a complete solution.
C. Education is overrated.
D. Education is too expensive.
52. What does the phrase "great equalizer" in the first paragraph suggest?
A. Education makes everyone the same.
B. Education can reduce social inequality.
C. Education is fair for everyone.
D. Education is expensive.
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of education at the national level?
A. Economic growth.
B. Better health outcomes.
C. More stable political systems.
D. Lower taxes.
54. What does the word "panacea" in the last paragraph mean?
A. A problem or difficulty.
B. A solution for all problems.
C. A type of medicine.
D. A barrier to progress.
55. What is the author's attitude toward education?
A. Skeptical and critical.
B. Enthusiastic and uncritical.
C. Balanced and realistic.
D. Dismissive and negative.
Part IV. Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.
The value of a business increasingly lies not in physical and financial assets on the balance sheet, but in intangibles: patents, technology, information about customers, know-how, and process capabilities. (56) As economies shift from an industrial to a knowledge-based foundation, traditional performance metrics such as return on assets and earnings per share have lost much of their relevance. These measures were designed for an era when physical and financial capital was the primary source of competitive advantage. Today, however, the most important resources are often those that cannot be easily measured or quantified.
(57) The challenge for managers is to understand and manage these intangible resources in ways that create sustainable competitive advantage. This requires a new set of skills and tools - not just financial analysis, but also the ability to identify, develop, and leverage knowledge-based assets. Companies that fail to make this transition will find themselves at a serious disadvantage in the marketplace.
(58) The role of the workforce has also changed dramatically. In the industrial era, workers were often treated as interchangeable parts in a production machine. Today, employees are increasingly viewed as creative problem-solvers and generators of new ideas. Knowledge workers are not simply cogs in a machine; they are the very source of a company's competitive advantage.
(59) This shift has profound implications for how companies attract, retain, and motivate talent. Traditional hierarchical structures and command-and-control management styles are less effective when dealing with highly skilled, creative professionals. Companies must create environments that foster collaboration, encourage innovation, and allow individuals to take ownership of their work.
(60) Technology, too, has transformed the workplace. The Internet, in particular, has broken down geographical barriers and made it possible for people to work from anywhere. Virtual teams, remote work, and flexible schedules are becoming the norm rather than the exception. These changes offer great opportunities for both companies and employees, but they also present new challenges in terms of communication, coordination, and organizational culture.
(61) Finally, the global nature of business means that companies must operate across cultural boundaries. Managers need to understand not only different business practices, but also different cultural norms and values. This requires a high degree of cultural sensitivity and the ability to adapt to unfamiliar environments.
(62) In summary, the business landscape has changed dramatically in recent decades. Companies that hope to succeed in this new environment must be agile, innovative, and focused on their most valuable intangible assets - their people, their knowledge, and their ability to adapt to change.
Part V Writing (15%)
Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic.
Topic: The Impact of Technology on Education
You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet. Remember to write it clearly.