中国海洋大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

中国海洋大学2007年博士研究生入学考试试题

科目代码：__________ 科目名称：英语

Part I. Vocabulary and structure (25%)
（请将所选答案的字母写在 Answer Sheet I 中相应的题号之后，写在试卷上无效。）
1. The famous scientist ______ his success to his hard work and other’s help.
A. imparted    B. granted    C. ascribed    D. acknowledged
2. It is difficult to ______ of a plan to end poverty in this area.
A. speculate    B. conceive    C. ponder    D. reckon
3. Now the cheers and applause ______ in a single sustained roar.
A. mingled    B. concentrated    C. assembled    D. permeated
4. Improved consumer confidence is ______ to an economic recovery.
A. crucial    B. subordinate    C. cumulative    D. satisfactory
5. Our body is made up of many different tissues which are arranged in an ______ and orderly fashion.
A. incredible    B. intricate    C. internal    D. initial
6. If you work under a car when repairing it, it is likely that you’ll get very ______.
A. waxy    B. slippery    C. sticky    D. greasy
7. The economic crises in that country have threatened the ______ of the government.
A. stability    B. capability    C. persistence    D. permanence
8. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have ______ vision.
A. vigorous    B. exact    C. acute    D. vivid
9. The traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the accused man’s ______, but in vain.
A. mistake    B. fault    C. guilt    D. defect
10. By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can ______ the surroundings.
A. explore    B. expose    C. exploit    D. expand
11. Please dispose ______ those old newspapers while you’re cleaning up the room.
A. out    B. of    C. away    D. in
12. People who are good at learning can ______ even from their unpleasant experiences.
A. obtain    B. improve    C. benefit    D. continue
13. This automobile plant has a monthly ______ of 500 cars.
A. proficiency    B. capability    C. strength    D. capacity
14. At present there is a ______ of iron and steel and more must be produced.
A. limit    B. loss    C. poverty    D. scarcity
15. He was ______ admittance to the concert hall for not being properly dressed.
A. rejected    B. denied    C. withheld    D. deprived
16. Because of the strong sun light, the curtains have ______ from dark blue to grey.
A. fainted    B. paled    C. bleached    D. faded
17. My new sweater ______ when I washed it for the first time.
A. shrank    B. shortened    C. contracted    D. condensed
18. He was so ______ on his work that he didn’t hear her come in.
A. intent    B. absorbed    C. engrossed    D. involved
19. George has a big coffee ______ on the front of his jacket.
A. spot    B. mark    C. stain    D. patch
20. The problem has ______ simply because you didn’t follow the instructions in the handbook.
A. assembled    B. arisen    C. risen    D. resulted
21. It ______ to me that a trip round the world might be the best solution to his misery.
A. occurred    B. recruited    C. recurred    D. referred
22. We watched the mists ______ from the valley.
A. elevating    B. elapsing    C. crawling    D. ascending
23. The farmer ______ the railroad because his cow was killed by the train.
A. begged    B. pleaded    C. sued    D. petitioned
24. Many people thought that the plan was ______ to failure.
A. dominated    B. destined    C. doomed    D. despised
25. The country’s progress towards recovery from the war has been hindered by a number of ______ circumstances.
A. appropriate    B. traverse    C. favorable    D. adverse
Part II. Cloze (15%)
（请将所选答案的字母写在 Answer Sheet I 中相应的题号之后，写在试卷上无效。）
Americans are people obsessed with child-rearing. In their books, magazines, talk shows, parent training courses, White House conferences and chats ___1___ the back fence, they endlessly debate the best ways to raise children. ___2___, Americans do more than debate their theories; they translate them into action. They erect playgrounds for the youngsters’ ___3___, equip large schools for their education, and train skilled specialists for their welfare. ___4___ industries in America are devoted to making children happy, healthy and wise.
But this interest in childhood is relatively new. In fact, ___5___ recently people considered childhood just a brief, unimportant prelude to adulthood and the real business of living. By and large they ___6___ ignored children, beat them, or fondled them carelessly, much as we would amuse ourselves with a ___7___ of puppies. When they gave serious thought to children ___8___ all, people either conceived of them as miniature adults or as peculiar, unformed animals.
Down through the ages the experiences of childhood have been as ___9___ as its duration. Actions that would have provoked ___10___ beating in one era elicit extra loving care in another. Babies who have been nurtured exclusively by their mothers in one epoch are ___11___ with day-care workers in another. In some places children have been trained to straddle unsteady canoes, negotiate treacherous mountain passes, and carry heavy bundles on ___12___ heads. In other places they have been taught complicated piano concertos and multiplication tables.
But diverse ___13___ it has been, childhood has one common experience at its core and that is the social aspect of nurture. All children need adults to bring them up. Because human young take so long to become independent, we think that civilization ___14___ have grown up around the need to feed and protect them. Certainly, from the earliest days of man, adults ___15___ made provision for the children in their midst.
1. A. over    B. from    C. during    D. by
2. A. However    B. Moreover    C. Nevertheless    D. Besides
3. A. happiness    B. well-being    C. pleasure    D. delight
4. A. Entire    B. Most    C. Any    D. Total
5. A. almost    B. only    C. since    D. until
6. A. either    B. neither    C. simply    D. both
7. A. brood    B. litter    C. pack    D. flock
8. A. for    B. after    C. above    D. at
9. A. variable    B. various    C. varied    D. variant
10. A. one    B. a    C. some    D. any
11. A. taught    B. trained    C. left    D. brought
12. A. the    B. our    C. your    D. their
13. A. for    B. as    C. though    D. although
14. A. may    B. should    C. ought to    D. would
15. A. were    B. are    C. have    D. had
Part III. Reading Comprehension (40%)
（请将所选答案的字母写在 Answer Sheet I 中相应的题号之后，写在试卷上无效。）
Passage 1
He was a funny-looking man with a cheerful face, good-natured and a great talker. He was described by his student, the great philosopher Plato, as “the best and most just and wisest man”. Yet, this same man was condemned to death for his beliefs.
The man was the Greek philosopher, Socrates, and he was condemned for not believing in the recognized gods and for corrupting young people. The second charge stemmed from his association with numerous young men who came to Athens from all over the civilized world to study under him.
Socrates’ method of teaching was to ask questions and, by pretending not to know the answers, to press his students into thinking for themselves. His teachings had unsurpassed influence on all the great Greek and Roman schools of philosophy. Yet, for all his fame and influence, Socrates himself never wrote a word.
Socrates encouraged new ideas and free thinking in the young, and this was frightening to the conservative people. They wanted him silent. Yet, many were probably surprised that he accepted death so readily.
Socrates had the right to ask for lesser penalty, and he probably could have won over enough of the people who had previously condemned him. But Socrates, as a firm believer in law, reasoned that it was proper to submit to the death sentence. So, he calmly accepted his fate and drank a cup of poison hemlock in the presence of his grief-stricken friends and students.
1. In the first paragraph, the word “yet” is used to introduce ______.
A. contrast    B. a sequence    C. emphasis    D. an example
2. Socrates was condemned to death because he ______.
A. believed in law    B. was a philosopher    C. published outspoken philosophical articles    D. advocated original opinions
3. The word “unsurpassed” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. untold    B. unequaled    C. unnoticed    D. unexpected
4. By mentioning that Socrates himself never wrote anything, the writer implies that ______.
A. it was surprising that Socrates was so famous    B. Socrates was not so learned as he is reputed to have been    C. Socrates used the work of his students in teaching    D. The authorities refused to publish Socrates’ works
5. Socrates accepted the death penalty to show ______.
A. his belief in his students    B. his contempt for conservatives    C. his recognition of the legal system    D. that he was not afraid of death
Passage 2
Hawaii’s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago’s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The island was annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state’s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii’s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives’ cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state — as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $ 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.
6. Hawaii’s native minority refers to ______.
A. Hawaii’s ethnic groups    B. People of Filipino origin    C. The Ka Lahui group    D. People with 50% Hawaiian blood
7. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?
A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.    B. Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.    C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.    D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.
8. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?
A. He is Hawaii’s first native governor.    B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.    C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.    D. He is leading the local independence movement.
9. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?
A. American Indian natives.    B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.    C. The Ka Lahui group.    D. The Hawaiian natives.
10. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT
A. a greater autonomy within the state.    B. more back rent on the crown land.    C. a claim on the Hawaiian crown land.    D. full independence from the US.
Passage 3
Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone” regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.
Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious but it is interesting to observe.
This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!
Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands — not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a child’s head in affection; they readily take someone’s arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people — especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries — such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with the left hand. (The left hand carries no special significance in the United States. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.)
11. In terms of bodily distance, North Americans ______.
A. are similar to South Americans    B. stand farthest apart    C. feel ill at ease when too close    D. move nearer during conversations
12. For Asians, the comfort zone ______.
A. is deliberately determined    B. measures 21 inches    C. varies according to status    D. implies esteem
13. It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchman ______.
A. would behave in the same way as an American would    B. would make no particular effort to distance himself    C. would be afraid of bodily contact    D. would do his best to leave
14. When Americans tell a joke, they often ______.
A. pat people on the head    B. give people a hug    C. dig people in the ribs    D. touch people on the arm
15. The passage mainly concerns ______.
A. distance and bodily contact    B. body language    C. East and West cultural differences    D. hand signals
Passage 4
Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle and an end — with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It! Buy It Now!”
The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed — new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus drivers have a style of driving and it’s to try to figure out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your laps, with your hands on the arm rests — even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit.
16. The purpose of this passage is to ______.
A. give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips    B. persuade you to take a long bus trip    C. explain how bus trips and television shows differ from on another    D. describe the billboards along the road
17. The writer of this passage would probably favor ______.
A. bus drivers who weren’t reckless    B. driving alone instead of taking a bus    C. a television set on the bus    D. no billboards along the road
18. The writer feels long bus rides are like TV show because ______.
A. the commercials are fun both on TV shows and billboards along the road    B. they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between    C. the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses    D. you have to watch commercials on TV and have to see the billboards along the road
19. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are ______.
A. exciting    B. comfortable    C. tiring    D. boring
20. The best title for the passage is ______.
A. Long bus trip    B. The similarities between TV shows and long bus trips    C. Opinions on TV commercials and road billboards    D. Excitement on long bus rides
Part IV. Translate the following into Chinese (8%)
（请将译文写在 Answer Sheet II 上，写在试卷上无效。）
A. Singaporeans (新加坡人) have accepted the government’s language policy and its bilingual education policy, because they are seeing the benefits of speaking an international language. What is good for the individual is also proving to be very profitable for the country. This very small country has a strong position within the world’s global market and it was through the use of English that Singapore achieved its economic success. In order to continue experiencing economic growth and success into the twenty-first century, the English language will need to remain prominent within the Singaporean society.
B. In the learning of English as a foreign or second language, most students are reluctant to write. Apart from the fact that writing needs more deliberate pondering than reading, students are afraid that what they write may be full of errors in a language with which they have just begun to gain some acquaintance.
Part V. Writing (12%)
Write a short essay about 150 words to discuss both “the advantages and disadvantages of having a private car”.（请将作文写在 Answer Sheet II 上，写在试卷上无效。）
特别提醒：答案必须写在答题纸上，若写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。