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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国海洋大学 2009 年考博英语涵盖词汇与结构、阅读理解、翻译、写作四大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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The students were supposed to ______ their assignment by now.
A) finish B) have finished C) finishing D) having finished
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The patient is recovering soon. His disease is ______ treatment with drugs.
A) responsive to B) responsible for C) subject to D) exposed to
Scientists recently revealed an instinct in women intact and unaffected by the age of technology. Glancing through glossy art books Lee Salk noticed that four times out of five Mary is depicted holding the infant Jesus against her left breast. The Madonna sparked off a series of experiments and observations to determine on which side women hold their babies and why.
First he determined that modern mothers still tend to hold their baby on the left. Of 255 right-handed mothers, 83% held the baby on the left. And out of 32 left-handed women, 78% held the baby on the left. As a control, women were watched emerging from supermarkets carrying baby-sized packages; the bundles were held with no side preference.
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Why did Lee Salk watch women coming out of supermarkets?
A) To see how they carried their babies.
B) To see if they were left-handed.
C) To see if they carried parcels and babies differently.
D) To control them.
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Salk's experiments proved that ______.
A) mothers have an instinct to hold their babies on the left immediately after birth
B) mothers hold their babies on the left only at times of stress
C) mothers of premature babies do not have the instinct to hold their babies on the left
D) mothers find it more comfortable to carry their babies on the left because the heart is on that side
The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes.
Directions: Write a composition of about 150 words on the topic "My View of Solving College Students' Employment". You should state your viewpoint, support it with details, and make a conclusion.
- 考点定位：本题考查情态动词 + 完成时态的用法，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “be supposed to” 后接完成时的语义逻辑。
- 答案详解：“be supposed to” 后接完成时态（have + 过去分词），表示 “本应该做某事但未做”，结合时间状语 “by now”（到现在为止），符合 “学生本应完成作业” 的语境，故选 [B]。
[A]“finish” 为原形，无法体现 “到现在为止” 的完成语义；[C]“finishing”、[D]“having finished” 均不符合 “be supposed to” 的语法搭配，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词短语辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “疾病与治疗” 的语义搭配。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A) responsive to（对…… 有反应）；B) responsible for（对…… 负责）；C) subject to（受…… 支配）；D) exposed to（暴露于……）。语境为 “病人即将康复，其疾病对药物治疗有反应”，“responsive to treatment” 为固定搭配，符合语义，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对实验对照组目的的精准理解。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “作为对照，观察从超市出来携带婴儿大小包裹的女性，发现她们对包裹的持有没有左右偏好”，其目的是对比 “携带婴儿” 与 “携带普通包裹” 的差异，验证女性抱婴儿的左侧偏好是否为特定本能，故选 [C]。
[A]“观察她们如何抱婴儿” 与 “携带包裹” 的实验对象不符；[B]“观察她们是否左撇子” 未在实验目的中提及；[D]“控制她们” 表述模糊，并非实验核心目的，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查实验结论提炼，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对全文实验结果的综合归纳。
- 答案详解：实验通过对比母亲抱婴儿、女性抱包裹、早产儿母亲的情况，发现 “未与婴儿分离的母亲更倾向于左侧抱婴儿”，且左侧抱能让婴儿听到心跳、获得安全感，核心结论是 “母亲产后有左侧抱婴儿的本能”，故选 [A]。
[B]“仅在压力下左侧抱婴儿” 与实验中 “日常抱婴儿也倾向左侧” 矛盾；[C]“早产儿母亲无左侧抱本能” 是实验中观察到的特殊现象，非核心结论；[D]“因心脏在左侧而更舒适” 是实验推测的原因之一，并非实验证明的核心结论，故排除。
人类文明如今对全球环境构成的威胁具有战略性，而全球环境变化如今对人类文明构成的威胁同样具有战略性，这给我们带来了一系列相似的挑战与虚假的希望。
- 考点定位：本题考查时政类长句英译汉，核心考查句式拆分、术语精准及逻辑连贯，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“strategic nature” 译为 “战略性”，“posed by” 译为 “构成的”，“false hopes” 译为 “虚假的希望”，符合语境表达规范。
- 句式优化：拆分原文并列长句，将两个 “the strategic nature of the threat” 分别译为独立分句，用 “同样具有战略性” 体现并列关系，避免中文长句堆砌；“human civilization” 译为 “人类文明”，“global environment” 译为 “全球环境”，表述简洁准确。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “两种威胁的战略性、带来的挑战与虚假希望” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，逻辑清晰。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “大学生就业问题解决” 的观点表达与方案阐述能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
My View of Solving College Students' Employment
Solving college students' employment problems requires the joint efforts of universities, enterprises and students themselves. Among these, enhancing students' practical abilities and promoting school-enterprise cooperation are crucial.
Universities should adjust their curriculum to meet market needs, increasing practical courses and internship opportunities. For example, engineering majors can cooperate with manufacturing enterprises to provide on-site training, while liberal arts majors can partner with media or public institutions to accumulate work experience. Meanwhile, students should actively improve their comprehensive abilities, such as learning professional skills and developing communication and teamwork abilities. They can also broaden their job search horizons, considering positions in small and medium-sized enterprises or grassroots areas.
In conclusion, solving college students' employment problems is a systematic project. Only by bridging the gap between school education and social needs, and by students enhancing their own competitiveness, can we effectively alleviate the employment pressure and help students find suitable jobs.
- 结构：遵循 “提出论点（多方协作 + 核心措施）— 分述方案（高校、学生）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 150 词要求；
- 内容：结合 “校企合作”“课程调整”“能力提升” 等具体措施，论据充分，贴合现实；
- 语言：使用 “practical abilities, school-enterprise cooperation, curriculum adjustment, comprehensive abilities” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国海洋大学 2009 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的基础夯实、阅读理解的实验结论提炼、翻译的长句拆分及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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