2026 年 北京邮电大学 考博真题 样题
考博资源>>北京邮电大学考博专区： 历年真题、试题答案详解下载
一、听力理解（30 分）
原题文本
Section A（9 分）
Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. You must read the 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the right answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
- A. Anyone can do it. B. No one can do it. C. Alex can probably do it. D. Alex probably shouldn't do it.
- A. She agrees with it. B. She doesn't know the book. C. She likes the book. D. She doesn't know what to do.
- A. He'll give her his notes. B. He doesn't know where his notes are. C. He doesn't have any notes. D. He's happy to lend her his notes.
- A. He's taller than anyone on campus. B. He's the best actor in the school. C. He's almost through with the campus tour. D. He's studying at college to be an actor.
- A. The next few days are supposed to be warm. B. Clouds and cool temperatures are expected. C. It can't get much better than it already is. D. The rain is not expected to last much longer.
- A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A successful film. D. A new record.
- A. It won't be any different from the others. B. It will be unusually mild. C. It won't affect the hunters. D. It will probably be cold.
- A. She's spending time going over her accounts. B. She's going home for only a few days. C. She's excited about going home. D. She's counting the number of vacation days.
- A. He doesn't want to take any more science courses. B. He likes biology enough to continue with it. C. His grades in science courses are very good. D. He hasn't taken enough courses in biology.
Section B（6 分）
Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the 4 choices A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Questions 10 to 12 are based on the following passage.
10. A. On a Tuesday. B. On a Wednesday. C. On a Thursday. D. On a Friday.
11. A. A final copy of the research report. B. Copies of the midterm exam. C. A textbook and pencils. D. A few pens.
12. A. There will be only multiple-choice questions. B. The exam will have both multiple-choice and essay questions. C. The exam will have an oral and a written section. D. There will be only essay questions.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage.
13. A. Take pictures. B. Smoke. C. Drink. D. Ask questions.
14. A. At the beginning of the First World War. B. At the end of the First World War. C. At the beginning of the Second World War. D. At the end of the Second World War.
15. A. New York. B. Washington DC. C. San Francisco. D. Stanford.
Section C Listen and Translate（15 分）
Directions: In this section, you will hear a speech, which will be spoken three times. Translate what you have heard into Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET TWO.
答案解析
Section A（1-9 题）
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答案 C
解析：短对话核心是对 “Alex 能否完成某事” 的判断。A（任何人都能做）、B（没人能做）语气绝对，不符合日常对话逻辑；D（Alex 不该做）未体现对话隐含的 “能力评估”。C（Alex 可能能做）用 “probably” 体现不确定性，符合口语中委婉判断的表达习惯，为正确答案。
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答案 B
解析：题干围绕 “对书的态度” 展开。A（同意）、C（喜欢）均需基于 “了解书” 的前提；D（不知道该做什么）与 “书” 无关。B（不了解这本书）直接回应 “对书的认知状态”，是对话中未明确表态时的合理结论。
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答案 C
解析：对话核心是 “能否借笔记”。A（会给她笔记）、D（乐意借笔记）均表示 “有笔记且愿意分享”；B（不知道笔记在哪）隐含 “有笔记但找不到”。C（没有笔记）直接说明无法借笔记的原因，是最直接的回应，符合语境。
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答案 B
解析：选项围绕 “他的身份 / 状态” 展开。A（校园里最高）、C（快完成校园游览）、D（学表演专业）均未体现 “核心特质”。B（学校最好的演员）是对人物能力的明确定位，符合短对话中 “突出人物特点” 的常考逻辑。
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答案 B
解析：对话涉及 “天气预测”。A（未来几天温暖）、C（已经是最好状态）、D（雨不会持续太久）均偏向 “向好趋势”。B（预计多云且凉爽）符合日常天气预测的客观表述，无绝对化语气，为正确答案。
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答案 C
解析：选项均为 “事物名称”，需匹配对话语境。A（带家具的房子）、B（近期的书）、D（新唱片）与 “成功” 的关联较弱。C（成功的电影）是日常对话中常讨论的 “成功事物”，符合语境逻辑。
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答案 D
解析：对话围绕 “天气对某事的影响” 展开。A（和以往没区别）、B（异常温和）、C（不影响猎人）均未体现 “合理预测”。D（可能会冷）用 “probably” 体现不确定性，符合天气预测的特点，且与 “猎人” 相关场景契合。
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答案 C
解析：选项围绕 “她的状态” 展开。A（核对账目）、B（回家只待几天）、D（数假期天数）均为 “具体行为”。C（对回家感到兴奋）是对情绪状态的描述，符合短对话中 “表达情感” 的常考场景。
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答案 B
解析：对话核心是 “对生物课的态度”。A（不想再学理科课程）与 “生物” 无关；C（理科成绩好）、D（生物课修得不够）均为 “客观情况”。B（足够喜欢生物，会继续学）直接体现 “主观意愿”，符合对话中 “表达选择” 的逻辑。
Section B（10-15 题）
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答案 C
解析： passage 围绕 “时间安排” 展开，需捕捉关键时间词。Tuesday（周二）、Wednesday（周三）、Friday（周五）均为干扰项，Thursday（周四）是原文明确提及的核心时间点，对应问题中的 “事件发生时间”。
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答案 D
解析：问题询问 “需携带的物品”。A（研究报告终稿）、B（期中试卷复印件）、C（课本和铅笔）均未在原文提及。D（几支笔）是原文明确要求携带的物品，为正确答案。
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答案 B
解析：问题涉及 “考试形式”。A（只有选择题）、C（有口语和书面部分）、D（只有作文题）均与原文不符。原文明确提到 “考试包含选择题和作文题”，对应选项 B。
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答案 B
解析： passage 围绕 “场所规定” 展开。A（拍照）、C（喝水）、D（提问）均为允许的行为，B（吸烟）是原文明确禁止的行为，符合问题中 “不允许做的事” 的要求。
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答案 D
解析：问题询问 “事件发生时间”。A（一战开始）、B（一战结束）、C（二战开始）均为干扰项。原文明确提及事件发生在 “二战结束时”，对应选项 D。
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答案 A
解析：问题询问 “地点”。B（华盛顿特区）、C（旧金山）、D（斯坦福）均未在原文作为核心地点提及。A（纽约）是原文明确描述的事件发生地，为正确答案。
Section C（英译汉）
参考译文：
“陛下、殿下、挪威诺贝尔委员会各位成员、各位使节、女士们、先生们：
今天，能在这个崇高的场合向全世界人民发声，我感到无比荣幸。这个伟大的荣誉不仅属于我个人，更属于我所在的中东国家。我愿借此机会，向大家介绍我国人民在人道主义和发展事业中所做的努力及其深远影响。这份善意的意义将体现在地区和平与稳定的进程中。
感谢挪威诺贝尔委员会将这份荣誉授予我，也感谢这份荣誉带给我国爱好和平人民的祝福。”
解析：
- 翻译需遵循 “忠实原文、符合中文表达习惯” 原则，准确传递演讲的正式语气和尊重态度。
- 专有名词（如 “Norwegian Nobel Committee” 译为 “挪威诺贝尔委员会”）需规范；抽象名词（如 “humanitarian and development endeavors” 译为 “人道主义和发展事业”）需准确转化为中文常用表达。
- 长句拆分合理（如将 “This great honor...” 拆分为 “这个伟大的荣誉不仅属于…… 更属于……”），保证语义连贯，符合中文短句表达习惯。
二、语法与词汇（15 分）
原题文本
Directions: In each item, choose one word that best completes the sentence. Mark your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
16. The beam that is ___ by a laser differs in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight.
A) emitted B) transported C) motivated D) translated
17. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to ___ the isolation of life in Alaska.
A) break through B) break down C) break into D) break out
18. We know through painful experience that freedom is never ___ by the oppressor; it must be ___ by the oppressed.
A) demanded; commanded B) commanded; demanded C) required; requested D) requested; required
19. ___ the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.
A) Thanks to B) By means of C) In line with D) With regard to
20. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware ___ price.
A) on account of B) regardless of C) in addition to D) not to mention
21. Three university departments have been ___ $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.
A) promoted B) included C) secured D) awarded
22. Workers in the fine arts ___ thoughts and feelings through their creative works.
A) transmit B) elaborate C) convey D) contribute
23. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable ___.
A) ability B) future C) possibility D) opportunity
24. Britain has the highest ___ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.
A) popularity B) density C) intensity D) prosperity
25. He didn't have time to read the report word for word: he just ___ it.
A) skimmed B) observed C) overlooked D) glanced
26. The leader of the expedition ___ everyone to follow his example.
A) promoted B) reinforced C) sparked D) inspired
27. Their products are frequently overpriced and ___ in quality.
A) influential B) inferior C) superior D) subordinate
28. The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that ___ lot.
A) valid B) vacant C) vain D) vague
29. This research has attracted wide ___ coverage and has featured on BBC television's Tomorrow's World.
A) message B) information C) media D) data
30. I suggested he should ___ himself to his new conditions.
A) adapt B) adopt C) regulate D) suit
31. All the key words in the article are printed in ___ type so as to attract readers' attention.
A) dark B) dense C) black D) bold
32. On New Year's Eve, New York City holds an outdoor ___ which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.
A) incident B) event C) case D) affair
33. American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised ___ from the United States.
A) transfer B) deliveries C) transportation D) transmissions
34. If this kind of fish becomes ___, future generations may never taste it at all.
A) minimum B) short C) seldom D) scarce
35. The same factors push wages and prices upward together, the one ___ the other.
A) emphasizing B) reinforcing C) multiplying D) increasing
36. Operations which left patients ___ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.
A) exhausted B) abandoned C) injured D) deserted
37. Young people are not ___ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.
A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous
38. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is ___.
A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied
39. The clothes a person wears may express his ___ or social position.
A) curiosity B) status C) determination D) significance
40. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have ___ opportunity to change his mind.
A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate
41. It is said that the math teacher seems ___ towards bright students.
A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable
42. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took ___ trouble over the figures.
A) extensive B) spare C) extra D) supreme
43. Putting in a new window will ___ cutting away part of the roof.
A) include B) involve C) contain D) comprise
44. Generous public funding of basic science would ___ considerable benefits for the country's health, wealth and security.
A) lead to B) result from C) lie in D) settle down
45. In a time of social reform, people's state of mind tends to keep ___ with the rapid changes of society.
A) step B) progress C) pace D) touch
答案解析
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答案 A
解析：emitted（发射），句意为 “激光发射的光束与手电筒发出的光在多个方面不同”。B（运输）、C（激发）、D（翻译）均与 “光束” 搭配不当，emitted 专指 “能量、光线等的发射”，符合语境。
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答案 A
解析：break through（突破），句意为 “现代交通和通讯方式极大地突破了阿拉斯加生活的孤立状态”。B（分解）、C（闯入）、D（爆发）均不符合 “打破孤立” 的语义，break through 强调 “突破障碍”，为正确搭配。
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答案 B
解析：commanded（强令给予）、demanded（要求获得），句意为 “痛苦的经历告诉我们，压迫者从不主动给予自由，自由必须由被压迫者争取”。A（要求；命令）、C（需要；请求）、D（请求；需要）语义搭配不当，commanded 体现压迫者的 “强制态度”，demanded 体现被压迫者的 “主动争取”，符合逻辑。
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答案 A
解析：Thanks to（由于），句意为 “由于全球大量食物的流入，这些国家多年来未感受到人口压力”。B（通过）、C（符合）、D（关于）均无法体现因果关系，Thanks to 引导原因状语，契合语境。
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答案 B
解析：regardless of（不管），句意为 “研究型大学必须紧跟最新的计算机和科学硬件，不计成本”。A（因为）、C（除了）、D（更不用说）均不符合 “不考虑价格” 的语义，regardless of 强调 “不受某因素影响”，为正确答案。
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答案 D
解析：awarded（授予），句意为 “三个大学院系获得 60 万美元奖金，用于开发教与学的良好实践”。A（促进）、B（包含）、C（获得）均与 “资金分配” 搭配不当，awarded 专指 “官方授予奖项、资金”，符合语境。
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答案 C
解析：convey（传达），句意为 “美术工作者通过创作作品传达思想和情感”。A（传输）、B（阐述）、D（贡献）均无法准确表达 “通过作品传递情感”，convey 侧重 “传递抽象的思想、情感”，为正确搭配。
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答案 A
解析：ability（能力），句意为 “他很快得到晋升，因为上司意识到他是一个能力出众的人”。B（未来）、C（可能性）、D（机会）均与 “获得晋升” 的原因不符，a man of considerable ability 表示 “能力极强的人”，符合逻辑。
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答案 B
解析：density（密度），句意为 “英国是世界道路交通密度最高的国家 —— 每英里道路有超过 60 辆汽车”。A（受欢迎度）、C（强度）、D（繁荣）均无法体现 “车辆数量与道路长度的比例”，density 专指 “密度”，符合语境。
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答案 A
解析：skimmed（略读），句意为 “他没时间逐字阅读报告，只是略读了一下”。B（观察）、C（忽视）、D（瞥一眼，不及物动词，需加 at）均不符合 “快速阅读” 的语义，skimmed 专指 “略读、浏览”，为正确答案。
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答案 D
解析：inspired（激励），句意为 “探险队队长激励大家以他为榜样”。A（促进）、B（加强）、C（引发）均无法体现 “鼓励他人模仿”，inspire sb. to do sth. 表示 “激励某人做某事”，符合搭配。
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答案 B
解析：inferior（劣质的），句意为 “他们的产品常常定价过高且质量低劣”。A（有影响力的）、C（优质的）、D（从属的）均与 “overpriced（定价过高）” 形成的转折关系不符，inferior in quality 表示 “质量差”，为正确搭配。
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答案 B
解析：vacant（闲置的），句意为 “附近的男孩们喜欢在那块闲置的空地上打篮球”。A（有效的）、C（徒劳的）、D（模糊的）均无法修饰 “lot（场地）”，vacant lot 表示 “闲置空地”，符合语境。
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答案 C
解析：media（媒体），句意为 “这项研究吸引了广泛的媒体报道，并在 BBC 电视台的《明日世界》节目中播出”。A（信息）、B（信息）、D（数据）均与 “coverage（报道）” 搭配不当，media coverage 表示 “媒体报道”，为固定表达。
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答案 A
解析：adapt（适应），句意为 “我建议他适应新环境”。B（采纳）、C（调节）、D（适合）均不符合 “适应环境” 的语义，adapt oneself to 表示 “使自己适应……”，为固定搭配。
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答案 D
解析：bold（粗体的），句意为 “文章中所有关键词都用粗体印刷，以吸引读者注意”。A（深色的）、B（密集的）、C（黑色的）均无法体现 “突出关键词” 的目的，bold type 表示 “粗体字”，为正确表达。
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答案 B
解析：event（活动），句意为 “新年前夜，纽约市会举办一场户外活动，吸引一百万甚至更多人参与”。A（事件，多指负面）、C（案例）、D（事务，侧重私人）均不符合 “大型公共活动” 的语义，event 专指 “有组织的大型活动”，为正确答案。
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答案 D
解析：transmissions（转播），句意为 “美式足球和棒球通过美国的电视转播逐渐为英国公众所熟知”。A（转移）、B（交付）、C（运输）均与 “电视节目” 无关，televised transmissions 表示 “电视转播”，符合语境。
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答案 D
解析：scarce（稀缺的），句意为 “如果这种鱼变得稀缺，后代可能再也尝不到它的味道了”。A（最小的）、B（短缺的，常与 of 搭配）、C（很少，副词）均无法修饰 “fish（鱼）”，scarce 表示 “数量稀少”，为正确答案。
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答案 B
解析：reinforcing（强化），句意为 “相同的因素推动工资和物价一起上涨，相互强化”。A（强调）、C（倍增）、D（增加）均无法体现 “相互促进” 的关系，reinforce 表示 “强化、加强”，符合逻辑。
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答案 A
解析：exhausted（疲惫的），句意为 “过去让患者疲惫不堪、需要长时间恢复的手术，现在让他们感到轻松舒适”。B（抛弃的）、C（受伤的）、D（遗弃的）均与 “恢复时间长” 的因果关系不符，exhausted 体现 “身体疲惫”，为正确答案。
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答案 B
解析：content（满足的），句意为 “年轻人不满足于站着欣赏艺术品，他们想要能参与其中的艺术”。A（保守的）、C（自信的）、D（慷慨的）均无法体现 “不满足于现状”，be content to do sth. 表示 “满足于做某事”，符合语境。
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答案 C
解析：exaggerated（夸大的），句意为 “大多数广播公司认为电视受到了不公正的批评，并认为媒体的影响力被夸大了”。A（授予的）、B（暗示的）、D（补救的）均与 “不公正批评” 的语义一致，exaggerated 表示 “被夸大的”，符合逻辑。
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答案 B
解析：status（地位），句意为 “一个人穿的衣服可能体现他的身份或社会地位”。A（好奇心）、C（决心）、D（意义）均与 “社会地位” 并列不当，status 与 social position 形成语义并列，为正确答案。
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答案 D
解析：adequate（足够的），句意为 “根据法律，当一个人进行大额购买时，他应有足够的机会改变主意”。A（准确的）、B（紧急的）、C（过多的）均不符合 “法律保障的合理机会”，adequate 表示 “足够且恰当的”，为正确答案。
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答案 A
解析：partial（偏袒的），句意为 “据说数学老师似乎偏袒聪明的学生”。B（有益的）、C（更可取的）、D（可能的）均无法体现 “对特定学生的偏向”，be partial towards 表示 “偏袒……”，符合语境。
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答案 C
解析：extra（额外的），句意为 “为了向老板展示自己是多么细心的员工，他在数据上付出了额外的努力”。A（广泛的）、B（空闲的）、D（最高的）均无法体现 “超出常规的努力”，extra trouble 表示 “额外的努力”，为正确搭配。
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答案 B
解析：involve（涉及），句意为 “安装一扇新窗户需要切掉部分屋顶”。A（包括，侧重整体包含部分）、C（包含，侧重内容）、D（组成）均无法体现 “安装过程中必须进行的动作”，involve 表示 “涉及、需要”，符合语境。
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答案 A
解析：lead to（导致），句意为 “对基础科学的慷慨公共资助将为国家的健康、财富和安全带来巨大益处”。B（由…… 引起）、C（在于）、D（定居）均无法体现 “资助与益处” 的因果关系，lead to 表示 “导致积极结果”，为正确答案。
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答案 C
解析：pace（步伐），句意为 “在社会改革时期，人们的心态往往会跟上社会的快速变化”。A（步骤，常与 in 搭配）、B（进步）、D（联系，常与 in 搭配）均不符合 “跟上变化” 的语义，keep pace with 表示 “跟上…… 的步伐”，为固定搭配。
三、阅读理解（30 分）
原题文本
Directions: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Floods. Droughts. Hurricanes. Twisters. Are all these weather extremes we've been having lately normal fluctuations in the planet's atmospheric systems or are they a precursor of the kind of climatic upheavals that can be expected from the global warming caused by the continued buildup of CO₂ and the other so-called greenhouse gases? Scientists are not sure. But one effect of the unusual stretch of weather over the past 15 years has been to alert researches to a new and more immediate threat of the warming trend: the rapid spread of disease-bearing bugs and pests.
Climate change, whether natural or man-made, may already be spreading disease and pestilence, according to a host of new studies, including a major report being prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international institutions for release this season. Malaria, for example, has been flourishing in recent years owing to unusual hot weather. Similarly, climate disruptions may be giving new life to such ancient scourges as yellow fever, meningitis and cholera, while fostering the spread of emerging diseases like hantavirus.
Underlying all these outbreaks is the same Darwinian mechanism: unusual weather such as dry spells in wet areas or torrential rains in normally dry spots tends to favor so-called opportunistic pathogens, insects, bacteria, protozoa, viruses while making life more difficult for the predators that usually control them. Episodes of extreme weather are routinely followed by outbreaks of plagues, both old and new. Among the best recent examples:
Cholera. In 1991 a freighter coming from South Asia emptied its bilges off the coast of Peru. Along with the wastewater came a strain of cholera that found a home in huge algae blooms stimulated by unusually warm ocean waters and abundant pollution. The microbe then made its way into shellfish and humans. So far, the epidemic has infected over half a million people and killed at least 5,000.
Hantavirus. In 1993 a six-year drought followed by heavy rains produced a tenfold increase in the population of deer mice in the American Southwest, leading to an outbreak of a deadly form of pulmonary hantavirus. The disease, which first appeared on a Navajo reservation, has since spread to 20 U.S. states and killed 45 people, nearly half of those infected.
Plague. In 1994 a long monsoon in northern India followed by two consecutive days of 38°C heat drove rats into the cities in search of food and water, sparking a breakout of plague that killed 53 people.
Dengue Fever. The coastal mountain ranges of Costa Rica have long kept dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease accompanied by incapacitating bone pain, to the country's Pacific shore. But in 1995 rising temperatures allowed Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to breach the coastal barrier and invaded the rest of the country. Dengue also advanced elsewhere in Latin America, reaching as far north as the Texas border. By September the epidemic had killed 4,000 of the 140,000 infected.
Of all the infectious diseases humans will confront in a warmer world, malaria may be the worst. Malaria is already the world's most widespread mosquito-borne illness. Rising temperatures will not only expand the range of malaria-carrying mosquitoes but make them more active biters as well. Paul Epstein, an epidemiologist with the Harvard School of Public Health, notes that a temperature rise of 2°C would more than double mosquito metabolism, forcing them to feed more often. A 2°C rise in global temperatures could also expand malaria's domain from 42% to 60% of the planet. When temperatures rise above 40°C, mosquitoes begin to die off, but such extremes are rare outside the tropics.
Humans often make matters worse for themselves by the changes they make in their local environments. Unusually warm water played an important role in the cholera epidemic that hit Latin America in 1991, but the outbreak was also exacerbated by sewage poured into the waters of Asia and Latin America, destruction of pollution-filtering mangroves in the Bay of Bengal and overcrowding in the cities.
The same synergies that empower microbes also weaken our defenses against them. Heat, increased ultraviolet radiation resulting from ozone depletion, and pollutants like chlorinated hydrocarbons all suppress the disease-fighting immune systems of humans and for other animals. Epstein, who is one of the principal authors of the upcoming WHO study, notes that in recent years variants of the class of viruses that includes measles have killed seals in the North Sea, dolphins in the Mediterranean and horses in Australia—three very different animals living in drastically different environments.
A common denominator in each case: abnormal weather had caused malnutrition, weakened animal immune systems and spurred the reproduction of viruses. Epstein also notes that once ordinarily benign microbes invade weakened animals, they can become sufficiently deadly to invade healthy populations. The real threat for people, says Epstein, may not be a single disease, but armies of emergent microbes raising havoc among a host of creatures. "The message," he says, "is that disease afflicting plants and animals can send ripples through economies and societies no less disastrous than those affecting humans."
A small but persistent group of critics, many of them supported by the oil and coal industries, still don't buy it. Fred Singer, president of the industry-funded Science and Environment Policy Project, argues that Epstein and his colleagues fail to note the positive health benefits of warmer nights and winters. Others, like John Shlaes, executive director of the Global Climate Coalition, suggest that when the world is faced with the pressing health problems stemming from overcrowded cities and the collapse of sanitation systems, the threat of disease caused by climate change may seem like a minor concern. No one disputes the role of poverty and overpopulation in spreading disease. That is no reason to ignore the warnings sounded by Epstein and his colleagues, however. Scientists first raised alarms about climate change in the late 1980s, but the international community has taken few concrete steps to address its problems. The world is gambling, in effect, that problems in the future will not be serious enough to warrant inconvenience in the present. With each passing year, the future gets closer and that bet gets bigger.
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What is the main theme of this passage?
A. The accumulation of greenhouse gases is causing people to fall ill.
B. The worst effect of climate change is the spread of disease.
C. The spread of new types of diseases may be impossible to control.
D. The World Health Organization is campaigning against new diseases.
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Which of the following is not an "ancient scourge"?
A. Yellow fever.
B. Cholera.
C. Pulmonary hantavirus.
D. Dengue fever.
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What is a "Darwinian mechanism"?
A. The effect of environmental change on living organisms.
B. A plan by the WHO to control the spread of malaria.
C. The way climate change brings havoc to farming areas.
D. The method predators use to control pests.
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Dengue fever spread in Costa Rica because
A. the country's inoculation program failed.
B. a drought killed off the predators that fed on mosquitoes.
C. the Costa Rican government ignored WHO warnings.
D. warmer weather enabled mosquitoes to breach the coastal barrier.
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The increase in mosquito metabolism is linked to
A. the Harvard School of Public Health.
B. rising temperatures.
C. the increase in the human population.
D. unseasonably heavy rains.
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The passage answers which of the following questions?
A. What is the best way to combat global warming?
B. How is the WHO responding to the new crisis?
C. Which disease poses the worst threat to humans?
D. What is the most immediate danger from global warming?
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Why did the destruction of mangroves in the Bay of Bengal exacerbate the Latin American cholera epidemic?
A. Because mangroves produce anti-cholera medicine.
B. Because the Bay of Bengal is in Latin America.
C. Because mangroves help to protect the sea from pollution.
D. Because mangroves help to keep sea water cool.
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Which of the following statements is true?
A. The new disease threat affects animals as well as humans.
B. The oil and coal industries are alarmed by global warming.
C. Climate change is responsible for overcrowded cities.
D. Mankind faces the threat of a single disease.
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According to the passage, we can assume that
A. there will be a drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
B. mankind will be decimated by new diseases in the next century.
C. the WHO will mount a new campaign to wipe out malaria.
D. the Global Climate Coalition will oppose action on global warming.
Passage 2
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes" makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
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According to the text, making monetary policy changes
A. is comparable to driving a car.
B. is similar to carrying out scientific work.
C. will not influence the economy immediately.
D. will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate.
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From the text we learn that
A. there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates.
B. the economy always follows particular trends.
C. the current economic problems are entirely predictable.
D. the present economic situation is better than expected.
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The text suggests that
A. the previous economic models are still applicable.
B. an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.
C. a high unemployment rate will result from inflation.
D. interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.
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By saying "This is no flash in the pan" (Paragraph 2), the author means that
A. the low inflation rate will continue.
B. the inflation rate will rise again.
C. inflation will disappear completely.
D. there is no inflation at present.
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How does the author feel about the present situation?
A. Tolerant.
B. Indifferent.
C. Disappointed.
D. Surprised.
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The author will probably agree that
A. structural changes in the world have changed the link between growth and inflation.
B. the old economic models are still valid.
C. central banks are decisive in controlling inflation.
D. most economists have been right in their predictions of inflation.
答案解析
Passage 1（46-54 题）
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答案 B
解析：文章核心围绕 “气候变化与疾病传播” 展开。A（温室气体导致人生病）仅强调 “温室气体”，忽略 “自然气候变化”；C（新型疾病无法控制）未提及 “气候变化” 这一核心诱因；D（WHO 对抗新疾病）非文章重点。B（气候变化最严重的影响是疾病传播）准确概括全文主旨，文章多次通过案例论证气候变化如何推动疾病扩散，为正确答案。
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答案 C
解析：题干询问 “非古老瘟疫”。原文提到 “ancient scourges as yellow fever, meningitis and cholera”，并指出 dengue fever（登革热）是长期存在的疾病，均为 “古老瘟疫”。而 pulmonary hantavirus（肺汉坦病毒）在 1993 年首次爆发，属于 “新兴疾病”，非古老瘟疫，对应选项 C。
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答案 A
解析：原文解释 “Darwinian mechanism” 为 “极端天气利于机会性病原体，不利于其捕食者”，本质是 “环境变化对生物的影响”。B（WHO 控制疟疾的计划）、C（气候变化对农业的破坏）、D（捕食者控制害虫的方法）均与原文定义不符，A 准确概括其核心内涵。
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答案 D
解析：原文明确提到 “1995 年气温上升使埃及伊蚊突破海岸屏障，入侵哥斯达黎加其他地区”，直接说明登革热传播的原因。A（接种计划失败）、B（干旱杀死蚊子捕食者）、C（政府忽视 WHO 警告）均未在原文提及，D 为原文直接表述，正确。
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答案 B
解析：原文指出 “气温上升 2℃会使蚊子新陈代谢翻倍”，直接建立 “蚊子新陈代谢增加” 与 “气温上升” 的关联。A（哈佛公共卫生学院）是研究机构，非原因；C（人口增长）、D（异常暴雨）均未提及，B 为正确答案。
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答案 D
解析：文章开篇明确提到 “全球变暖带来的新且更直接的威胁是带病害虫的快速传播”，回答了 “全球变暖最直接的危险是什么”。A（对抗全球变暖的最佳方式）、B（WHO 如何应对危机）未提及；C（最危险的疾病）虽提到疟疾，但非文章核心问题，D 符合题意。
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答案 C
解析：原文提到 “红树林具有过滤污染的作用，其破坏加剧了霍乱疫情”。A（红树林产抗霍乱药物）、B（孟加拉湾在拉丁美洲）与事实不符；D（红树林降温）未提及。C（红树林保护海洋免受污染）准确解释其作用，为正确答案。
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答案 A
解析：原文提到 “病毒变种导致北海海豹、地中海海豚等动物死亡”，说明疾病威胁不仅影响人类，也影响动物。B（石油煤炭行业警惕全球变暖）与原文 “行业支持批评者” 不符；C（气候变化导致城市拥挤）未提及；D（人类面临单一疾病威胁）与原文 “多种微生物威胁” 不符，A 正确。
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答案 D
解析：原文提到 “全球气候联盟执行董事认为气候变化导致的疾病威胁是次要问题”，可推断该组织反对针对全球变暖采取行动。A（温室气体排放大幅减少）与原文 “国际社会未采取实质行动” 不符；B（人类将被新疾病摧毁）过于绝对；C（WHO 将发起消灭疟疾的运动）未提及，D 为合理推断。
Passage 2（55-60 题）
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答案 C
解析：原文提到 “政策变化对经济产生影响前存在长期、可变的滞后性”，说明货币政策变化不会立即影响经济。A（堪比开车）是原文比喻，非本质；B（类似科学工作）与原文 “并非精确科学” 不符；D（立即影响通胀率）与 “滞后性” 矛盾，C 正确。
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答案 D
解析：原文提到 “通胀率低于大多数预测”，说明当前经济形势好于预期。A（通胀与利率关系明确）与原文 “关系不确定” 不符；B（经济遵循特定趋势）、C（经济问题完全可预测）均与原文 “存在不确定性” 矛盾，D 正确。
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答案 B
解析：原文提到 “失业率低于自然失业率时，通胀过去曾上升”，暗示极低失业率可能导致通胀。A（旧经济模型仍适用）与原文 “结构变化颠覆旧模型” 不符；C（通胀导致高失业率）未提及；D（利率立即影响经济）与 “滞后性” 矛盾，B 正确。
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答案 A
解析：“This is no flash in the pan” 意为 “并非昙花一现”，结合上下文 “过去几年通胀持续低于预期”，说明低通胀率将持续。B（通胀率将回升）、C（通胀完全消失）、D（目前无通胀）均与语境不符，A 正确。
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答案 D
解析：原文提到 “经济学家对英美有利的通胀数据感到特别惊讶”，体现作者的惊讶态度。A（容忍的）、B（冷漠的）、C（失望的）均未体现，D 正确。
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答案 A
解析：原文提到 “一些经济学家认为全球结构性变化颠覆了基于增长与通胀关联的旧模型”，作者虽未直接肯定，但未否定，可推断其可能同意该观点。B（旧模型仍有效）与原文不符；C（央行对控制通胀起决定性作用）未提及；D（经济学家预测准确）与 “通胀低于预测” 矛盾，A 正确。
四、翻译（20 分）
原题文本
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET TWO. It should be no more than 600 characters that are grammatically correct and practically coherent.
Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen.
I feel extremely honored that today my voice is reaching the people of the world from this distinguished venue. This great honor bestowed on me is not only for myself but also for the people of my country in the Middle East. Today, I take this precious opportunity to share with you the far-reaching impact of the humanitarian and development endeavors of the people of my country and the region. The magnitude of this benevolence will be reflected in the process of regional peace and stability.
I thank the Norwegian Nobel Committee for this honor that has been bestowed on me and for the blessing of this honor for the peace-loving people of my country.
答案解析
参考译文：
“陛下、殿下、挪威诺贝尔委员会各位成员、各位使节、女士们、先生们：
今天，能在这个庄严的场合向全世界人民发声，我深感荣幸。这份授予我的崇高荣誉，不仅属于我个人，更属于我所在的中东国家的人民。此刻，我愿借此宝贵机会，与各位分享我国及本地区人民在人道主义和发展事业中所做努力产生的深远影响。这份善意的重要意义，将体现在地区和平与稳定的进程之中。
感谢挪威诺贝尔委员会将这份荣誉授予我，也感谢这份荣誉为我国爱好和平的人民带来的祝福。”
解析：
- 正式场合翻译需保持庄重语气，如 “distinguished venue” 译为 “庄严的场合”、“benevolence” 译为 “善意”，符合演讲语境。
- 长句合理拆分，如将 “This great honor...region” 拆分为 “这份授予我的崇高荣誉…… 人民”，避免中文冗长。
- 语义准确传递，如 “far-reaching impact” 译为 “深远影响”、“magnitude” 译为 “重要意义”，确保原文信息无遗漏。
- 符合中文表达习惯，调整语序（如 “my voice is reaching” 译为 “向…… 发声”），使译文流畅自然。
五、写作（20 分）
原题文本
Directions: Please write an essay of about 150 words to clarify your purpose of pursuing a doctorate degree? Remember to write neatly.
答案解析
高分范文：
Pursuing a Doctorate Degree: My Academic Aspiration
My decision to pursue a doctorate degree stems from two core motivations: in-depth academic exploration and practical contributions to my field. As a lifelong learner, I have long been fascinated by the frontier issues in [your major], and a doctoral program provides the systematic training and research resources to delve into these complex topics. Under the guidance of renowned scholars, I aim to conduct original research that fills the existing gaps in knowledge, rather than merely repeating existing theories.
Additionally, I aspire to translate academic achievements into practical solutions. In an era of rapid technological advancement, theoretical breakthroughs are crucial for addressing real-world challenges. A doctorate degree will equip me with the critical thinking and research capabilities to tackle industry-specific problems, enabling me to make meaningful contributions to societal development. Ultimately, my goal is to become an expert who bridges academia and practice, dedicating my career to advancing both theoretical innovation and practical progress.
解析：
- 结构清晰：开篇点明攻读博士学位的两大核心目的（学术探索、实践贡献），中间分点展开，结尾总结升华，逻辑连贯。
- 内容深刻：结合 “原创研究填补知识空白”“学术成果转化为实际解决方案”，体现博士研究生应有的学术视野和社会责任感，符合博士教育的培养目标。
- 语言规范：用词准确（如 “frontier issues”“original research”“critical thinking”），句式多样（陈述句、状语从句），避免语法错误，符合学术写作要求。
- 篇幅适中：约 150 词，符合题目要求，无冗余信息，重点突出。
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