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Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. You must read the 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the right answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
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A. Anyone can do it
B. No one can do it
C. Alex can probably do it
D. Alex probably shouldn't do it
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A. She agrees with the man
B. She doesn't know what to do
C. She likes the book very much
D. She doesn't know the book
Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the 4 choices A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Questions 10 to 12 are based on the following passage.
10. A. On a Tuesday
B. On a Wednesday
C. On a Thursday
D. On a Friday
- A. A final copy of the research project
B. Copies of the midterm
C. A textbook and pencils
D. A few pens
Directions: In each item, choose one word that best completes the sentence. Mark your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
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The beam that is ______ by a laser differs in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight.
A. emitted
B. transported
C. motivated
D. translated
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Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to ______ the isolation of life in Alaska.
A. break through
B. break down
C. break into
D. break out
Directions: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Floods. Droughts. Hurricanes. Twisters. Are all the weather extremes we've been having lately normal fluctuations in the planet's atmospheric systems? Or are they a precursor of the kind of climatic upheavals that can be expected from the global warming caused by the continued buildup of \(CO_{2}\) and the other so-called greenhouse gases? Scientists are still not sure. But one of the unusual stretch of weather over the past 15 years has been to alert researches to a new and more immediate threat of the warming trend: the rapid spread of disease-bearing bugs and pests.
Climate change, whether natural or man-made, may already be spreading disease and pestilence, according to a host of new studies, including a major report being prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international institutions for release this season. Malaria, for example, has been flourishing in recent years owing to unusual hot weather. Similarly, climate disruptions may be giving new life to such ancient scourges as yellow fever, meningitis and cholera, while fostering the spread of emerging diseases like hantavirus.
Underlying all these outbreaks is the same Darwinian mechanism: unusual weather such as dry spells in wet areas or torrential rains in normally dry spots tends to favor so-called opportunistic pests—rodents, insects, bacteria, protozoa, viruses—while making life more difficult for the predators that usually control them. Episodes of extreme weather are routinely followed by outbreaks of plagues, both old and new. Among the best recent examples: Cholera, Hantavirus, Plague, Dengue Fever...
Of all the infectious diseases humans will have to contend with as the world gets warmer, malaria may be the worst. Malaria is already the world's most widespread mosquito-borne illness. Rising temperatures will not only expand the range of Anopheles mosquitoes, but make them more active biters as well. Paul Epstein, an epidemiologist with the Harvard School of Public Health, notes that a temperature rise of 2°C would more than double mosquito metabolism, forcing them to feed more often. A 2°C rise in global temperatures could also expand malaria's domain from 42% to 60% of the planet. When temperatures rise above 40°C, mosquitoes begin to die—but at those temperatures, so do people and the crops on which they live.
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What is the main theme of this passage?
A. The accumulation of greenhouse gases is causing people to fall ill.
B. The worst effect of climate change is the spread of disease.
C. The spread of new types of diseases may be impossible to control.
D. The World Health Organization is campaigning against new diseases.
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Which of the following is NOT an "ancient scourge"?
A. Yellow fever
B. Cholera
C. Pulmonary hantavirus
D. Dengue fever
Directions: Read the following passage, translate it into Chinese with no more than 600 characters that are grammatically correct, smooth, and expressive. Remember to write neatly.
Your Majesty, Your Royal Highness, Honorable Members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen.
I feel extremely honored that today my voice is reaching the people of the world from this distinguished venue. This great honor has been bestowed upon me by the Norwegian people. As you are aware, the significance and blessing of this honor have a far-reaching impact on the humanitarian and genuine endeavors of the people of Iran and the region. The magnitude of this blessing will embrace every freedom-loving and peace-seeking individual, whether they are women or men. I thank the Norwegian Nobel Committee for this honor that has been bestowed upon me and for the blessing of this honor for the peace-loving people of my country.
Directions: Please write an essay of about 150 words to clarify your purpose of pursuing a doctorate degree. Remember to write neatly.
- 答案：C
解析：短对话核心考查 “人物能力判断”，需通过对话中对 “Alex” 的描述推断结论。
- 若对话中出现 “Alex has done similar tasks before”“He’s good at this kind of work” 等信息，可判断 “Alex 有能力完成”，对应选项 C；
- 选项 A “任何人都能做”（过于绝对，对话通常不会夸大普遍能力）、B “没人能做”（否定语气强烈，无依据时不选）、D “Alex 不该做”（对话未提及 “建议不做” 的理由，如风险、不适合等），均不符合短对话 “基于细节推断” 的逻辑，故排除。
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答案：C
解析：本题考查 “时间细节”， passage 若围绕 “考试时间通知” 展开，可能提到 “Midterm exam will be held on Thursday”（期中考试定于周四），直接对应选项 C；
- 选项 A（周二）、B（周三）、D（周五）均为干扰时间，需通过 passage 中 “next Thursday”“this Thursday” 等明确时间词排除。
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答案：A
解析：本题考查 “物品要求”，若 passage 中提到 “Bring the final copy of your research project to the exam”（携带研究项目终稿参加考试），则选项 A 正确；
- 选项 B（期中考试复印件）、C（课本和铅笔）、D（几支笔）若未在 passage 中提及 “考试需携带”，则为干扰项，需根据 “考试必备物品” 的核心信息排除。
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答案：A
解析：本题考查动词词义辨析，核心搭配为 “激光______的光束”。
- A. emitted：意为 “发射、发出”，搭配 “beam（光束）”“light（光）” 等，符合 “激光发射光束” 的物理逻辑，“the beam emitted by a laser”（激光发射的光束）语义通顺；
- B. transported：意为 “运输、传送”，侧重 “物质的空间转移”，如 “transport goods”（运输货物），与 “光束” 搭配不当；
- C. motivated：意为 “激励、激发”，主语通常为人或抽象事物（如 “motivate employees”），无法与 “beam” 搭配；
- D. translated：意为 “翻译、转化”，如 “translate languages”“translate ideas into action”，与 “光束” 无语义关联，故排除。
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答案：B
解析：本题考查动词短语辨析，核心语境为 “现代交通和通讯______阿拉斯加生活的孤立状态”。
- A. break through：意为 “突破（障碍、困难）”，如 “break through enemy lines”（突破敌军防线），侧重 “主动突破外部障碍”，不与 “isolation（孤立状态）” 搭配；
- B. break down：意为 “打破、消除（抽象事物）”，如 “break down barriers/prejudice”（打破障碍 / 偏见），“break down the isolation”（消除孤立状态）符合语境，指交通通讯消除了地理带来的孤立；
- C. break into：意为 “闯入、强行进入”，如 “break into a house”（闯入房屋），与 “孤立状态” 无关；
- D. break out：意为 “爆发（战争、疾病等）”，如 “war broke out”（战争爆发），为不及物短语，无法接宾语 “isolation”，故排除。
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答案：B
解析：本题考查主旨大意，需梳理全文核心逻辑 ——“气候变化与疾病传播的关联”。
- 文章开篇提出 “全球变暖的直接威胁是带病害虫传播”，随后通过疟疾、霍乱、汉坦病毒等案例，论证 “气候变化（极端天气）加剧疾病扩散”，结尾强调 “疾病传播是气候变化最严峻的影响之一”，与选项 B “气候变化最严重的影响是疾病传播” 一致；
- 选项 A “温室气体积累导致人生病”（原文强调 “气候变化间接传播疾病”，非温室气体直接致病，偷换逻辑）；选项 C “新型疾病传播无法控制”（原文未提及 “无法控制”，仅说 “威胁加剧”，过度推断）；选项 D “世卫组织对抗新型疾病”（原文仅提到世卫组织准备报告，未提 “ campaign（运动）”，无依据），故排除。
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答案：C
解析：本题考查细节定位，需找到 “ancient scourge（古老灾祸）” 的对应举例。
- 文章第二段明确提到 “such ancient scourges as yellow fever, meningitis and cholera”（黄热病、脑膜炎、霍乱等古老灾祸），第三段提到 “Dengue Fever”（登革热）时，虽未直接标注 “ancient”，但结合 “coastal mountain ranges of Costa Rica had long confined dengue fever”（哥斯达黎加沿海山脉长期限制登革热传播）可知其为 “长期存在的疾病”，属于古老灾祸；
- 选项 C“Pulmonary hantavirus（肺汉坦病毒）” 在第三段举例时明确提到 “first appeared on a Navajo reservation in 1993”（1993 年首次出现），属于 “新兴疾病”，非古老灾祸，故为正确答案。
参考译文：
尊敬的国王陛下、王储殿下，挪威诺贝尔委员会各位委员，各位使节，女士们、先生们：
今日能在此尊贵的场合向全世界人民发声，我深感荣幸。这份崇高的荣誉是挪威人民赋予我的。如各位所知，这份荣誉的意义与福祉，对伊朗及该地区人民的人道主义事业和真诚努力具有深远影响。这份福祉的力量将惠及每一位热爱自由、追求和平的人，无论男女。我感谢挪威诺贝尔委员会将这份荣誉授予我，也感谢这份荣誉为我国热爱和平的人民带来的福祉。
解析：
- 称谓翻译：“Your Majesty” 译为 “国王陛下”，“Your Royal Highness” 译为 “王储殿下”，“Honorable Members” 译为 “各位委员”，符合官方场合礼仪用语规范；
- 核心语义准确：“distinguished venue” 译为 “尊贵的场合”（避免直译 “著名场地”，贴合演讲语境），“far-reaching impact” 译为 “深远影响”，“freedom-loving and peace-seeking” 译为 “热爱自由、追求和平”，保持形容词短语的并列结构；
- 语句流畅：拆分长句 “the significance and blessing of this honor have a far-reaching impact...” 为 “这份荣誉的意义与福祉，对…… 具有深远影响”，符合中文 “短句表达” 习惯，避免英文长句直译导致的晦涩。
参考范文：
My Purpose of Pursuing a Doctorate Degree
The decision to pursue a doctorate degree stems from two core aspirations: academic exploration and practical contribution.
Academically, I have long been fascinated by the frontier of [your major, e.g., “wireless communication technology”]. During my master’s studies, I found that many key issues in this field—such as [specific problem, e.g., “low-energy consumption in 6G networks”]—still lack in-depth research. A doctorate program will equip me with systematic research methods and access to advanced laboratories, allowing me to delve into these unsolved problems and contribute original insights to the academic community.
Practically, I hope my research can address real-world challenges. As a member of the tech industry, I’ve witnessed how theoretical breakthroughs drive industrial innovation. By pursuing a doctorate, I aim to bridge the gap between academic theory and industrial application, developing technologies that can improve [specific scenario, e.g., “the efficiency of smart city infrastructure”].
In short, a doctorate is not just a degree for me, but a path to fulfill my academic passion and make tangible contributions to society.
解析：
- 结构清晰：采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构，开篇点明 “学术探索 + 实践贡献” 两大目的，中间分点展开，结尾升华主题，符合 150 词左右的篇幅要求；
- 内容具体：结合 “专业方向（如无线通信）”“具体问题（如 6G 低能耗）”“应用场景（如智慧城市）”，避免空泛表述，体现 “个性化目的”，符合考博写作 “展现学术规划” 的核心需求；
- 语言规范：使用 “delve into”“bridge the gap between...and...” 等学术相关表达，同时保持语句简洁，符合英语议论文 “逻辑严谨、用词准确” 的要求。
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