原题文本：（略）
答案解析：该部分主要考查短对话、长对话及短文听力的细节捕捉、主旨归纳和推理判断能力，核心考点涵盖时间、地点、人物关系、因果逻辑等。由于原文未提供听力材料，结合考博英语听力命题规律，高分备考策略如下：
- 细节捕捉：提前标注选项中的关键信息（如数字、专有名词），听力中重点定位对应内容，避免遗漏核心细节（如时间、地点、事件起因）。
- 主旨归纳：短文听力需关注首尾句及逻辑连接词（如 however、therefore），快速提炼主旨，排除细节干扰项。
- 推理判断：根据对话语气、场景关键词（如 medical terms 对应医院场景）推断隐含意义，避免过度解读。
- 词汇积累：重点掌握学术场景、日常交流中的高频词汇（如 research、schedule、appointment），提升听力理解效率。
原题文本：
Directions: In each sentence decide which of the four choices given best completes the sentence. Mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
21. In the 18th century many British politicians favored friendship with Prussia because they thought that the Prussian army was ______ to the British navy.
A. complimentary B. Complicated C. complementary D. comprehensive
22. The traffic was entirely ______ because of a series of accidents on the road.
A. crippled B. overthrown C. disabled D. insulated
23. The letter page of this newspaper is a ______ for public argument.
A. symposium B. commentary C. forum D. appraisal
24. The chief ______ of that young man are his generosity and energy.
A. traits B. tempers C. trends D. traces
25. He received ______ for his injuries after his accident.
A. compensation B. installment C. substitution D. commission
26. It is very strange but I had an ______ that the plane would crash.
A. inspiration B. intuition C. imagination D. incentive
27. We are going on the ______ that the work will be finished tomorrow.
A. scheme B. assumption C. orbit D. procedure
28. Some medical conditions can often cure themselves, ______ without medical intervention.
A. deliberately B. spontaneously C. consciously D. intentionally
29. By ______ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him $2,000.
A. coarse B. rude C. crude D. rough
30. In order to stimulate the domestic economy, the government has ______ to reduce imports.
A. pledged B. resorted C. suggested D. hesitated
31. How much a person can earn is not always a good ______ of real success in life.
A. essence B. decree C. qualification D. criterion
32. George ______ some important sentences by underlining them with a red pen.
A. highlighted B. upgraded C. capable D. eligible
33. What I seek to accomplish is simply to serve with my ______ capacity truth and justice at the risk of pleasing no one.
A. formidable B. exquisite C. exotic D. feeble
34. Hard work and malnutrition ______ his health and he looked thin and pale.
A. impaired B. promoted C. accelerated D. wedged
35. She was ______ between two very fat women and felt extremely uneasy.
A. towed B. tugged C. sandwiched D. wedged
36. You need to rewrite this sentence because it is ______; the readers will have difficulty in understanding it.
A. comprehensive B. alternative C. deliberate D. ambiguous
37. We must learn to see things in their right ______ and avoid making mistakes.
A. prospective B. prosperity C. perspective D. permissive
38. As our eyes ranged over the broad shoulders of the mountain, the conception of its ______ grew upon us.
A. multitude B. gratitude C. latitude D. magnitude
39. We can make use of seawater by ______ fresh water from it.
A. purifying B. refraining C. distilling D. performing
40. Only a ______ person would believe such an unlikely story about ghosts in the old house.
A. fabulous B. credible C. credulous D. believable
答案解析：
21. C。解析：complementary 意为 “互补的”，固定搭配 “be complementary to”（与…… 互补），符合 “普鲁士军队与英国海军互补” 的语境。complimentary（赞美的）、complicated（复杂的）、comprehensive（广泛的）均无 “互补” 含义，排除。
22. C。解析：disabled 意为 “使瘫痪、无法正常运行”，侧重 “功能丧失”，符合 “交通事故导致交通完全瘫痪”。crippled（使残废，侧重身体残疾）、overthrown（推翻）、insulated（绝缘）语义不符，排除。
23. C。解析：forum 意为 “论坛、公共讨论场所”，对应 “报纸来信专栏是公众辩论的平台”。symposium（专题研讨会）、commentary（评论）、appraisal（评估）均不用于 “公众自由辩论” 场景，排除。
24. A。解析：traits 意为 “特质、优点”，侧重人的性格或品质特征，符合 “年轻人的核心特质是慷慨和活力”。tempers（脾气）、trends（趋势）、traces（痕迹）语义不符，排除。
25. A。解析：compensation 意为 “赔偿、补偿金”，对应 “因事故受伤获得赔偿”。installment（分期付款）、substitution（替代）、commission（佣金）语义不符，排除。
26. B。解析：intuition 意为 “直觉”，符合 “对飞机失事有直觉预感”。inspiration（灵感）、imagination（想象）、incentive（动机）均无 “直觉” 含义，排除。
27. B。解析：assumption 意为 “假定、假设”，固定搭配 “go on the assumption that”（基于…… 的假设），符合 “基于工作明天完成的假设”。scheme（计划）、orbit（轨道）、procedure（程序）语义不符，排除。
28. B。解析：spontaneously 意为 “自然地、自发地”，符合 “无需医疗干预即可自行痊愈”。deliberately（故意地）、consciously（有意识地）、intentionally（蓄意地）均与 “自行痊愈” 矛盾，排除。
29. D。解析：rough 意为 “粗略的”，固定搭配 “by rough computation”（粗略计算），侧重 “估算的大致性”。coarse（粗糙的，侧重质地）、rude（粗鲁的）、crude（原始的、拙劣的）语义不符，排除。
30. B。解析：resorted 意为 “求助于、采取”，固定搭配 “resort to do sth.”（采取…… 措施），符合 “政府采取减少进口的措施刺激内需”。pledged（发誓）、suggested（建议）、hesitated（犹豫）语义不符，排除。
31. D。解析：criterion 意为 “标准、准则”，符合 “收入多少并非人生真正成功的良好标准”。essence（本质）、decree（法令）、qualification（资格）语义不符，排除。
32. A。解析：highlighted 意为 “突出、强调”，对应 “用红笔划线突出重要句子”。upgraded（升级）、capable（能干的）、eligible（符合条件的）语义不符，排除。
33. D。解析：feeble 意为 “微弱的、微薄的”，自谦表达 “以微薄之力服务真理和正义”，符合语境。formidable（令人敬畏的）、exquisite（精致的）、exotic（异国的）语义不符，排除。
34. A。解析：impaired 意为 “损害、削弱”，符合 “劳累和营养不良损害健康”。promoted（促进）、accelerated（加速）、wedged（楔入）语义不符，排除。
35. C。解析：sandwiched 意为 “夹在中间”，侧重 “被两者挤压处于中间位置”，符合 “被两个胖女人夹在中间感到不安”。towed（拖）、tugged（拖拽）、wedged（楔入，侧重硬性插入）语义不符，排除。
36. D。解析：ambiguous 意为 “模棱两可的、含糊的”，符合 “句子含糊导致读者难以理解，需要重写”。comprehensive（广泛的）、alternative（可选择的）、deliberate（故意的）语义不符，排除。
37. C。解析：perspective 意为 “视角、观点”，固定搭配 “in the right perspective”（正确看待事物），符合 “正确看待事物避免犯错”。prospective（预期的）、prosperity（繁荣）、permissive（宽容的）语义不符，排除。
38. D。解析：magnitude 意为 “巨大、宏伟”，对应 “感受到山脉的宏伟”。multitude（多数）、gratitude（感激）、latitude（纬度）语义不符，排除。
39. C。解析：distilling 意为 “蒸馏”，侧重 “通过蒸馏从海水中提取淡水”。purifying（净化，侧重去除杂质）、refraining（克制）、performing（执行）语义不符，排除。
40. C。解析：credulous 意为 “轻信的”，符合 “只有轻信的人才会相信关于老屋鬼魂的离奇故事”。fabulous（难以置信的）、credible（可信的）、believable（可相信的）语义不符，排除。
原题文本：
Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese and write your translation clearly on the Answer Sheet.
(96) Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. (97) What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd, Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. (98) It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. (99) They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. (100) Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold death ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.
答案解析（高分译文 + 解析）：
96. 【高分译文】讽刺文学最显著的特质或许在于其新颖性与视角的独特性。它极少提出独创性观点，而是以全新的形式呈现人们熟知的事物。
【解析】准确把握 “striking quality”（显著特质）、“originality of perspective”（视角的独特性）的语义；拆分长句为符合中文表达习惯的短句，保持逻辑连贯；“presents the familiar in a new form” 译为 “以全新的形式呈现人们熟知的事物”，避免直译生硬感。
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【高分译文】讽刺文学家所做的，是从全新视角审视熟知的现实，使这些现实显得荒谬、有害或矫揉造作。讽刺文学打破我们的自满心态，让我们猛然惊觉 —— 许多我们深信不疑的价值观实则虚妄不实，这种警醒虽令人意外，却也发人深省。
【解析】“look at familiar conditions” 译为 “审视熟知的现实”，提升文本深度；“jars us out of complacence” 译为 “打破我们的自满心态”，精准传达 “冲击自满” 的含义；补充 “这种警醒虽令人意外，却也发人深省”，贴合原文 “pleasantly shocked” 的情感色彩。
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【高分译文】这些讽刺作品之所以广受追捧，并非因其观点的独创性，而是凭借其独特的表达方式与讽刺手法，才得以兼具趣味性与观赏性。人们阅读讽刺文学，是因其是美学层面令人满意的艺术作品，而非因其具备道德教化或伦理指导的价值。
【解析】强调句型 “It was not... but...” 译为 “并非…… 而是……”，保持句式结构；“aesthetically satisfying” 译为 “美学层面令人满意的”，体现专业性；“morally wholesome or ethically instructive” 译为 “道德教化或伦理指导的价值”，避免语义重复。
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【高分译文】它们兼具启发性与新鲜感，因其以常识的敏锐扫除一切幻想与道听途说的观点。讽刺文学天生带有一种反叛精神，它重构人们的认知视角，将熟悉的事物刻意并置，使其显得格格不入；它以个性化的表达取代抽象的陈词滥调。
【解析】“commonsense briskness” 译为 “常识的敏锐”，精准传达语义；“spontaneous irreverence” 译为 “天生带有一种反叛精神”，避免直译 “自发的不敬”；“incongruous juxtaposition” 译为 “刻意并置，使其显得格格不入”，清晰解释抽象概念。
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【高分译文】讽刺文学的存在源于现实需求。它之所以能够流传至今，是因为读者欣赏它带来的耳目一新的冲击 —— 它毫不避讳地提醒人们，自己身处一个充斥着陈腐思想、廉价道德说教与荒谬哲学的世界。
【解析】“there is need for it” 译为 “源于现实需求”，简洁有力；“refreshing stimulus” 译为 “耳目一新的冲击”，增强表达张力；“platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing and foolish philosophy” 译为 “陈腐思想、廉价道德说教与荒谬哲学”，排比结构提升韵律感；补充 “毫不避讳地”，贴合 “irreverent” 的语义。
- Time Allowed: 30 minutes
- Word Limit: No less than 150 words
- Give a title to your composition
- And then give your comment.
Your composition must be written in English.
答案解析（高分范文 + 解析）：
With the booming development of the internet, cyber love has become an increasingly common phenomenon. A vivid picture depicts a wolf chatting with a sheep online: the wolf plots to eat the sheep, while the sheep naively expresses its love. This absurd scene vividly reflects the potential risks hidden behind cyber love.
Cyber love is appealing to many people because it seems to offer a safe haven for emotional communication. People can disguise their true identities and present an idealized version of themselves online, avoiding the awkwardness of face-to-face interactions. However, this disguise often leads to deception. A "handsome millionaire" online may turn out to be an unemployed slob, and a "beautiful lady" could be an elderly fraud. Numerous news reports have exposed cases where netizens are cheated of money or even harmed when meeting their online lovers.
In my opinion, cyber love is not inherently evil, but it requires rationality and caution. We should not confuse virtual romance with real-life feelings. When communicating online, we must keep a clear mind, avoid disclosing personal and financial information casually, and verify the other person's identity before any offline meeting. Only by distinguishing illusion from reality can we protect ourselves from harm and truly enjoy the convenience and fun brought by the internet.
- 结构清晰：采用 “现象引入 — 利弊分析 — 观点总结” 三段式结构，开篇以图画内容切入，自然点题；中间段分析网络恋爱的吸引力与潜在风险，逻辑严谨；结尾提出理性建议，升华主旨。
- 内容充实：结合具体例子（网络身份伪装、新闻曝光案例）支撑观点，避免空洞论述；引用题目中的 “狼与羊” 隐喻，紧扣写作要求。
- 语言规范：用词精准（如 “idealized version”“disguise”“verify”），句式多样（定语从句、让步状语从句），符合博士研究生英语写作的语言要求；字数控制在 150 词以上，满足要求。
- 观点明确：辩证看待网络恋爱，既承认其吸引力，又强调理性与谨慎，观点客观全面，具有现实意义。
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