注：本资料为考博英语真题部分题目及答案详解样本，如需完整英语、专业课考博真题及全面解析，可前往页面顶部栏目选购，获取完整备考资料助力考博复习。
Darwin stated that individuals [A] with characteristics best adapted to [B] existing condition survive and make up an increasing large proportion of their species [C].
- 正确答案：C（increasing 改为 increasingly）
- 解析：本题考查副词修饰形容词的语法规则。句中 “large” 为形容词，需用副词修饰以体现 “程度”，而 “increasing” 是形容词（意为 “增长的”），无法修饰形容词 “large”。“increasingly” 为副词（意为 “越来越多地”），“increasingly large”（越来越大的）符合语法规范，此处需将形容词 “increasing” 改为副词 “increasingly”，使句子结构正确。
If you examine [A] the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2010's World Cup tournament, you would most likely [B] find a noteworthy fact: famous soccer players are more likely to have been born [C] in the earlier months [D] of the year than in the later months.
- 正确答案：A（examine 改为 examined）
- 解析：本题考查虚拟语气的时态搭配。句中 “If” 引导的是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，其语法结构为 “if 从句用一般过去时，主句用‘would + 动词原形’”。主句 “you would most likely find” 已符合虚拟语气主句结构，而从句谓语动词 “examine” 仍为一般现在时，不符合虚拟条件句的时态规则，需改为一般过去时 “examined”，使句子时态逻辑一致。
Governments all around the world have increased their focus 11 means of fighting terrorism and ways of preventing natural disasters...
[A] in [B] at [C] on [D] to
- 正确答案：C
- 解析：本题考查固定搭配。“focus on” 为固定短语，意为 “关注；聚焦于”，句中 “increased their focus” 后需搭配介词 “on”，引出 “关注的对象（打击恐怖主义的手段和预防自然灾害的方法）”，其他选项（in/at/to）均无法与 “focus” 构成符合语义的固定搭配，故选择 C。
Even though some countries are small and 16 isolated, they are 17 exempt from terrorism or natural disasters.
[A] geophysically [B] geotropically [C] geometrically [D] geographically
- 正确答案：D
- 解析：本题考查副词词义辨析与语境匹配。句中 “small and...isolated” 描述国家的 “规模和隔离状态”，需选择与 “地理属性” 相关的副词：
- A 选项 geophysically（地球物理学上），侧重地球物理领域（如地质、磁场），与 “国家隔离” 无关；
- B 选项 geotropically（向地性地），指植物生长的向地性，与语境完全不符；
- C 选项 geometrically（几何学上），侧重几何形状或比例，不用于描述国家的空间隔离；
- D 选项 geographically（地理上），符合 “国家因地理位置偏远而处于隔离状态” 的语境，故选择 D。
This passage is mainly concerned with
[A] a comparison study on free education system between China and UK
[B] a comparison study on compulsory education system between China and UK
[C] a comparison study on financial system between China and UK
[D] a comparison study on culture between China and UK
- 正确答案：B
- 解析：本题考查文章主旨归纳。文章开篇明确提到 “UK and China has something similar in their compulsory education system”（中英两国义务教育体系有相似之处），随后分别从 “相似点”（免费教育、法律保障、课程设置、小学学制、考试制度）和 “不同点”（教育目标、义务教育年限、学制安排、就学形式）展开对比，核心围绕 “义务教育体系” 展开，未涉及 “免费教育体系”“金融体系”“文化” 等内容。因此，B 选项 “中英义务教育体系对比研究” 为文章主旨，其他选项均偏离主题。
People travel because
[A] they feel happy for what they already have
[B] they do not feel happy for what they already have
[C] they feel sick of the people in the community
[D] they want to escape from the place where they live and work due to unhappiness
- 正确答案：D
- 解析：本题考查细节定位与语义理解。文章第四段明确指出 “people travel because ‘they no longer feel happy where they are -- where they work, where they live...’”（人们旅行是因为 “在当前的地方 —— 工作和生活的地方 —— 不再感到快乐”），且前文提到 “the concept of escape”（逃离的概念），即旅行的核心原因是 “因不快乐而逃离工作和生活的地方”：
- A 选项 “对已拥有的感到快乐” 与原文 “no longer feel happy” 矛盾；
- B 选项 “对已拥有的不感到快乐” 表述片面，未提及 “逃离” 这一核心动作；
- C 选项 “厌倦社区中的人” 在原文中无任何依据，属于无中生有；
- D 选项 “因不快乐而想逃离工作和生活的地方”，完整匹配原文 “不快乐 + 逃离工作生活地” 的双重信息，故选择 D。
Stanford opened its doors in 1891, and more than a century later, it remains dedicated to finding solutions to the great challenges of the day and to preparing our students for leadership in today's complex world.
- 参考译文：斯坦福大学于 1891 年正式建校，一个多世纪后的今天，该校依然致力于为当今时代的重大挑战寻找解决方案，并培养学生在当下复杂世界中胜任领导角色的能力。
- 解析：
- 句式拆分：主句为 “Stanford opened its doors...and it remains dedicated to...”（斯坦福建校并始终致力于……），“more than a century later” 为时间状语，“finding solutions...” 和 “preparing our students...” 为 “dedicated to” 的两个并列宾语（to 为介词，后接动名词）。
- 关键词处理：“opened its doors” 译为 “正式建校”（避免直译 “开门”，符合机构成立的表达习惯）；“remains dedicated to” 译为 “依然致力于”（体现持续性）；“great challenges of the day” 译为 “当今时代的重大挑战”（“the day” 此处指 “当前时代”）；“preparing our students for leadership” 译为 “培养学生胜任领导角色的能力”（补充 “胜任…… 的能力”，使语义更完整，符合中文表达逻辑）。
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “并” 连接两个并列的 “致力于” 的内容，使句式流畅，准确传达斯坦福大学的两大核心使命。
- 参考范文：
Haze Is Threatening Our Life
In recent years, haze has become a frequent environmental problem in many cities, posing a severe threat to human life. It reduces air visibility, leading to traffic accidents; more seriously, the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in haze can penetrate the respiratory system, causing chronic diseases like asthma and even lung cancer. For example, a 2022 study in northern China showed that the hospitalization rate for respiratory illnesses increased by 30% during severe haze periods, which clearly reflects haze’s harmful impact on public health.
The root causes of haze are mainly human activities. First, industrial emissions are a major source—factories release large amounts of sulfur dioxide and dust without proper treatment. Second, the rapid growth of motor vehicles leads to excessive exhaust emissions, especially in peak hours. Third, improper agricultural practices, such as straw burning in autumn, also contribute to haze. These factors combine to trap pollutants in the air, forming persistent haze.
To address this issue, joint efforts are needed. The government should strengthen environmental supervision, shut down high-polluting factories, and promote clean energy like solar power. For individuals, choosing public transport instead of driving and reducing the use of disposable products can help reduce emissions. Additionally, planting more trees can improve air quality by absorbing pollutants. Only through the cooperation of the whole society can we win the battle against haze and protect our living environment.
- 解析：
- 逻辑结构：严格遵循 “问题 - 原因 - 解决方案” 框架 —— 首段指出雾霾的危害（问题），用 “交通事故”“呼吸道疾病” 及具体研究数据（例证）支撑；第二段分析工业排放、汽车尾气、秸秆焚烧等核心原因（因果策略）；第三段从政府、个人、生态三个层面提出解决方案，逻辑连贯。
- 内容要点：涵盖 “威胁表现”（能见度、健康）、“具体原因”（工业、交通、农业）、“可行方案”（监管、个人行为、生态措施），每个部分均有细节支撑（如 PM2.5、2022 年研究、太阳能），避免空洞论述。
- 语言规范：用词准确（如 “particulate matter”“respiratory system”“clean energy”），句式简洁明了，符合考博英语写作的语言要求，且篇幅控制在 250 词左右，符合题目要求。
东北大学考博真题是东北大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考东北大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。东北大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
