Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
- However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ___ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
A. overturn B. overtake C. offset D. oppress
- France's ___ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.
A. assumption B. consumption C. presumption D. resumption
- The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver cup ___.
A. turbulently B. tremendously C. triumphantly D. tentatively
- The 215-page manuscript circulated to publishers last October ___ an outburst of interest.
A. flared B. glittered C. sparked D. flashed
- The most important ___ for assessment in this contest is originality of design.
A. threshold B. partition C. warrant D. criterion
- The American society is ___ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.
A. established on B. affiliated to C. originated from D. incorporated with
- They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ___ with each other.
A. reconciled B. negotiated C. associated D. accommodated
- At first, the ___ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but with painstaking efforts and a great expense, it became a reality.
A. transaction B. transmission C. transformation D. transition
- We can't help being ___ of Bob, who bought a luxurious sports car just after the money was stolen from the office.
A. skeptical B. appreciative C. suspicious D. tolerant
- The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and ___ to everyone.
A. speculation B. attribution C. utilization D. proposition
- In fact, as he approached this famous statue, he only barely resisted the ___ to reach into his bag for his camera.
A. impatience B. impulse C. incentive D. initiative
- Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ___.
A. descend B. decline C. deteriorate D. depress
- Equipment not ___ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.
A. conforming to B. consistent with C. predominant over D. providing for
- The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ___, particularly in Western Europe.
A. obscure B. obsolete C. optional D. overlapping
- They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ___ with each other.
A. reconciled B. negotiated C. associated D. accommodated
- Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ___ and needs proving.
A. spontaneous B. hypothetical C. intuitive D. empirical
- The future of this company is ___; many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.
A. at odds B. in trouble C. in vain D. at stake
- It is no ___ that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol.
A. coincidence B. correspondence C. inspiration D. intuition
- The English language contains a(n) ___ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.
A. altitude B. latitude C. multitude D. attitude
- A membership card ___ the holder to use the club's facilities for a period of twelve months.
A. approves B. authorizes C. rectifies D. endows
- 第 1 题：考查动词词义辨析。“offset” 意为 “抵消、弥补”，契合 “金属制造业的增长弥补钢铁行业的下滑” 的语境。A “推翻”、B “超越”、D “压迫” 均不符合语义，故选 C。
- 第 2 题：考查名词固定搭配。“resumption of nuclear testing” 指 “恢复核试验”，为固定表达。A “假设”、B “消耗”、C “推定” 均不搭配 “核试验”，故选 D。
- 第 3 题：考查副词情感色彩。“triumphantly”（胜利地）符合 “冠军举奖杯离场” 的场景。A “混乱地”、B “极大地”、D “试探性地” 与语境不符，故选 C。
- 第 4 题：考查动词短语搭配。“spark an outburst of interest” 意为 “引发强烈兴趣”，“spark” 侧重 “触发、引发”。A“爆发（火焰 / 情绪）”、B “闪耀”、D “闪现” 均不搭配 “兴趣”，故选 C。
- 第 5 题：考查名词词义辨析。“criterion” 指 “评判标准”，对应 “比赛评估的核心标准是设计原创性”。A “门槛”、B “分割”、C “授权” 均不符合，故选 D。
- 第 6 题：考查固定搭配。“be established on a foundation” 意为 “建立在…… 基础上”，为固定结构。B “隶属于”、C “起源于”、D “并入” 均不与 “foundation” 搭配，故选 A。
- 第 7 题：考查形容词语义。“be reconciled with” 意为 “与…… 和解”，契合 “从前争吵，现在和睦” 的转折关系。B “谈判”、C “关联”、D “适应” 均无 “和解” 含义，故选 A。
- 第 8 题：考查名词形近词辨析。“transmission” 指 “传播、传输”，对应 “远距离传输彩色图像”。A “交易”、C “转变”、D “过渡” 均不符合，故选 B。
- 第 9 题：考查形容词固定搭配。“be suspicious of” 意为 “怀疑……”，结合 “办公室失窃后鲍勃买豪车” 的语境，符合逻辑。A“怀疑的（后接 of 时侧重 “不相信”）”、B “感激的”、D “宽容的” 均不契合，故选 C。
- 第 10 题：考查名词语义。“speculation” 指 “猜测”，对应 “英国天气难以预测，成为人们猜测的话题”。B “归因”、C “利用”、D “提议” 均不符合，故选 A。
- 第 11 题：考查名词词义。“impulse” 指 “冲动”，“resist the impulse to do” 意为 “克制做某事的冲动”。A “不耐烦”、C “激励”、D “主动性” 均不符合，故选 B。
- 第 12 题：考查动词语义。“decline” 指 “减少、衰退”，对应 “软件翻译技术成熟后，通用第二语言的需求会下降”。A“下降（位置）”、C “恶化”、D “压抑” 均不符合，故选 B。
- 第 13 题：考查固定搭配。“conform to standards” 意为 “符合标准”，为固定表达。B“与…… 一致（侧重观点）”、C “占优势”、D “提供” 均不搭配 “标准”，故选 A。
- 第 14 题：考查形容词语义。“obsolete” 指 “过时的”，对应 “火药出现后弓箭逐渐过时”。A “模糊的”、C “可选的”、D “重叠的” 均不符合，故选 B。
- 第 15 题：同第 7 题，考查 “be reconciled with” 的固定搭配，故选 A。
- 第 16 题：考查形容词语义。“hypothetical” 指 “假设的”，对应 “宇宙起源理论需验证，本质是假设”。A “自发的”、C “直觉的”、D “经验主义的” 均不符合，故选 B。
- 第 17 题：考查固定短语。“at stake” 意为 “岌岌可危”，契合 “人才流失导致公司未来危险” 的语境。A “意见不合”、B “陷入麻烦”、C “徒劳” 均不精准，故选 D。
- 第 18 题：考查固定句型。“it is no coincidence that” 意为 “…… 并非巧合”，符合 “酒精影响下暴力犯罪增多并非偶然” 的逻辑。B “对应”、C “灵感”、D “直觉” 均不符合，故选 A。
- 第 19 题：考查固定搭配。“a multitude of” 意为 “大量的”，对应 “英语中有大量日常对话少用的词汇”。A “高度”、B “纬度”、D “态度” 均无此搭配，故选 C。
- 第 20 题：考查动词语义。“authorize” 指 “授权”，对应 “会员卡授权持有者使用俱乐部设施”。A“批准（侧重官方许可）”、C “纠正”、D“赋予（后接 with）” 均不符合，故选 B。
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（注：原文改错题部分题干排版混乱，仅整理可识别题目）
67. Just outside the ruins are an ancient building surrounded by tall trees.
68. In the teaching of mathematics, the way of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students take notes.
69. Generally speaking, the bird flying across our path is observed, and the one staying on the tree near at hand is passed by without any notice taking of it.
70. (题干缺失)
- 错误：are → is
解析：主谓一致错误。主语为 “an ancient building”（单数），倒装句中谓语动词需与主语一致，故改为 “is”。
- 错误：take → taking
解析：非谓语动词错误。“with + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构中，“students” 与 “take notes” 为主动关系，故用现在分词 “taking”。
- 错误：taking → taken
解析：固定搭配错误。“without any notice taken of it” 为 “without + 宾语 + 过去分词” 结构，“notice” 与 “take” 为被动关系，故改为 “taken”。
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. (76) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. (77) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says "I don't like this contract"?
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. (78) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. (79) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact, it is simply shallow: the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. (80) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
- 事实上，这一问题的提法并不恰当，因为它假定人们对人权有着共识性的定义，而这种共识在世界上并不存在。
- 一些哲学家认为，权利仅存在于社会契约之中，是责任与权益交换的一部分。
- 它从一开始就将讨论引向极端：要么认为动物应得到人类对同类那般的关怀，要么认为不应得到任何关怀。
- 这类极端主义者认为，人类与动物在所有相关方面都存在差异，因此动物不属于道德选择的范畴。
- 当这种同情心产生时，绝非错误之举：这是人类道德推理本能在实践中的体现，一种应被鼓励而非嘲讽的本能。
- 术语精准：“social contract” 译为 “社会契约”（学术固定译法），“moral reasoning” 译为 “道德推理”（哲学术语），保证文本专业性。
- 句式优化：将英文长句拆分重组，如 76 句 “which is something the world does not have” 译为独立分句 “而这种共识在世界上并不存在”，避免直译导致的生硬。
- 语义完整：78 句 “either...or...” 结构完整还原，“the consideration humans extend to other humans” 补充 “那般的关怀”，使语义更清晰。
- 语气契合：79 句 “extremists of this kind” 译为 “这类极端主义者”，保留原文批判语气；80 句 “rather than” 译为 “而非”，体现对比关系，符合学术文本严谨性。
Direction: For this part, you are allowed to write a short essay entitled The Traffic Problem in Urban Areas. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.
- 交通问题成为城市的一大难题
- 交通问题的负面影响
- 提出自己的看法
With the acceleration of urbanization, traffic congestion has evolved into a pressing challenge plaguing major cities worldwide. Morning and evening rush hours witness endless queues of vehicles, turning daily commutes into a tedious ordeal. This problem not only disturbs residents’ daily lives but also hinders urban development, making it an urgent issue to address.
The negative impacts of urban traffic problems are far-reaching. Firstly, traffic jams lead to a waste of time and energy. Commuters often spend hours stuck on the road, reducing work efficiency and causing mental stress. Secondly, excessive vehicle emissions contribute to air pollution and climate change, posing a threat to public health. Additionally, frequent traffic accidents, resulting from congestion and reckless driving, bring irreversible losses to families and society.
To tackle this problem, a multi-faceted approach is required. On the one hand, governments should strengthen infrastructure construction, such as building more subways, light rail lines, and overpasses, to improve the public transportation system. On the other hand, promoting green travel modes like cycling and walking, along with implementing policies such as car restriction and congestion charging, can effectively reduce the number of private cars on the road. Moreover, advancing intelligent traffic management with big data and AI technology will help optimize traffic flow. Only through joint efforts of the government, society, and individuals can we alleviate urban traffic problems and build more livable cities.
- 结构严谨：严格遵循 “提出问题 - 分析影响 - 给出对策” 的提纲结构，每段首句为主题句，逻辑清晰。
- 论点深刻：负面影响从 “时间浪费、环境污染、安全隐患” 三个维度展开，对策涵盖 “基础设施、政策引导、智能技术”，全面且有针对性。
- 语言地道：运用 “plaguing、far-reaching、alleviate” 等学术词汇，“not only...but also...”“on the one hand...on the other hand...” 等逻辑连接词，符合博士英语写作的语言要求。
- 立意升华：结尾强调 “多方协作”，呼应 “建设宜居城市” 的目标，提升文章深度。
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