注：本资料为考博英语真题部分题目及答案详解样本，如需完整英语、专业课考博真题及全面解析，可前往页面顶部栏目选购，获取完整备考资料助力考博复习。
The manager gave her his ______ that her complaint would be investigated.
A. consent
B. assurance
C. conception
D. insurance
- 正确答案：B
- 解析：本题考查名词词义辨析及语境匹配。题干核心是 “经理向她______会调查她的投诉”，需选择体现 “承诺、保证” 的词汇。
- A 选项 consent 意为 “同意；许可”，侧重 “允许他人做某事”，如 “give consent to the plan”（同意计划），与 “调查投诉” 的 “承诺” 语义不符；
- B 选项 assurance 意为 “保证；承诺”，搭配 “give sb. assurance that...” 表示 “向某人保证……”，完美契合 “经理承诺调查投诉” 的语境，符合题干逻辑；
- C 选项 conception 意为 “概念；构想”，如 “the conception of a new project”（新项目的构想），与 “承诺” 无关；
- D 选项 insurance 意为 “保险；保障”，侧重 “规避风险的经济保障”，如 “health insurance”（健康保险），与 “调查投诉” 的场景无关联，排除。
There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the ______ from fall to winter.
A. transmission
B. transformation
C. transition
D. transfer
- 正确答案：C
- 解析：本题考查名词词义辨析，关键在于 “from fall to winter”（从秋天到冬天）的 “过渡” 语境，需选择体现 “阶段之间渐变过程” 的词汇。
- A 选项 transmission 意为 “传播；传输”，如 “the transmission of information”（信息传播），侧重 “物质 / 信息的传递”，与 “季节过渡” 无关；
- B 选项 transformation 意为 “转变；改造”，侧重 “本质、形态的彻底改变”，如 “the transformation of the old factory”（旧工厂的改造），季节变化是渐变而非彻底改变，排除；
- C 选项 transition 意为 “过渡；转变”，侧重 “两个阶段之间的衔接过程”，如 “the transition from childhood to adulthood”（从童年到成年的过渡），符合 “从秋天到冬天的季节过渡” 语境；
- D 选项 transfer 意为 “转移；调动”，如 “the transfer of funds”（资金转移），侧重 “空间或所属关系的变动”，与季节变化无关，排除。
The U.S. is different from previous imperial powers in that ______.
A. the U.S. doesn't get mixed up in other countries' internal affairs
B. the U.S. has more national interests in other countries than previous imperial powers did
C. the U.S. is not a physical empire which previous imperial powers were
D. previous imperial powers did not rule by proxy
- 正确答案：C
- 解析：本题为细节理解题，需定位原文中 “美国与以往帝国的区别”。
原文第一段明确提到 “Yet, unlike previous imperial powers, the U.S. does not have a physical empire. It rules by proxy while remaining sufficient onto self”（然而，与以往的帝国不同，美国没有实体帝国，它通过代理人统治，同时保持自给自足）。
- A 选项 “美国不干涉他国内政” 与原文 “it is involved everywhere”（美国涉足世界各地）矛盾，排除；
- B 选项 “美国在他国的国家利益比以往帝国更多”，原文未对比 “国家利益数量”，仅强调 “美国利益遍布全球”，排除；
- C 选项 “美国不是实体帝国，而以往的帝国是”，与原文 “does not have a physical empire” 直接对应，为正确答案；
- D 选项 “以往的帝国不通过代理人统治”，原文仅指出美国 “通过代理人统治”，未提及 “以往帝国是否如此”，属于无中生有，排除。
Food recovery programs mainly aim at ______.
A. collecting money from donors to deal with the food waste problem
B. collecting healthy food to provide to the needy
C. collecting money and healthy food to provide to the needy
D. collecting money and healthy food for charitable organizations
- 正确答案：B
- 解析：本题考查文章细节，需定位 “食品回收计划的主要目标”。
原文第一段明确定义 “food ‘recovery’ refers to the collection, or recovery, of healthy food from farmers' fields, retail stores, or foodservice establishments for distribution to the poor and hungry”（“食品回收” 指从农田、零售店或餐饮机构收集健康食品，分发给贫困和饥饿人群），且第二段提到 “volunteers pick up and deliver the food to groups that serve the needy”（志愿者将食品送到服务贫困人群的组织）。
- A 选项 “筹集资金处理食品浪费”、C 选项 “筹集资金和食品”、D 选项 “为慈善组织筹集资金和食品”，原文均未提及 “筹集资金”，核心是 “收集健康食品分发给贫困人群”，故 B 选项正确。
According to the author, the fundamental cause of poverty in affluent America is the overall unequal distribution of ______ (property and other capital) and 42 (wages, salaries, and other earnings).
A. measure
B. money
C. wealth
D. earnings
- 正确答案：C
- 解析：本题考查名词词义与语境匹配，括号内 “property and other capital”（财产及其他资本）是对空格词的解释，需选择涵盖 “财产、资本” 的词汇。
- A 选项 measure 意为 “措施；尺寸”，与 “财产、资本” 无关；
- B 选项 money 意为 “货币；钱”，侧重 “流通的现金”，无法涵盖 “财产、资本” 等非现金资产；
- C 选项 wealth 意为 “财富”，包括财产、资本、金钱等，与括号内 “property and other capital” 完全对应，符合 “财富分配不均” 的语境；
- D 选项 earnings 意为 “收入”，侧重 “工作获得的报酬”，与 “财产、资本”（非劳动所得的资产）不符，排除。
But the actual distribution of wealth is ______ unequal.
A. highly
B. high
C. extreme
D. additionally
- 正确答案：A
- 解析：本题考查副词修饰形容词的语法规则及语义匹配。空格后 “unequal” 为形容词，需用副词修饰，排除 B（high，形容词）和 C（extreme，形容词）；
- D 选项 additionally 意为 “此外；另外”，侧重 “补充说明”，如 “additionally, we need to consider cost”（此外，我们需考虑成本），与 “unequal”（不平等的）搭配语义不通；
- A 选项 highly 意为 “非常；高度地”，“highly unequal”（高度不平等）符合 “财富分配实际情况” 的语义，且语法正确，故选择 A。
To meet world-wide challenges, Japan will be bound to shift more of its manufacturing to nations that have low-cost and high-quality workforces. There is no question that this will reduce its manufacturing share in gross domestic product and ship more jobs out of the country.
- 参考译文：为应对全球性挑战，日本必然会将更多制造业转移到拥有低成本、高素质劳动力的国家。毫无疑问，这将降低制造业在其国内生产总值（GDP）中的占比，并导致更多就业岗位外流。
- 解析：
- 句式拆分：第一句为主谓宾结构，“to meet world-wide challenges”（目的状语），“that have low-cost and high-quality workforces”（定语从句修饰 nations）；第二句为 “there is no question that...”（毫无疑问……）引导的同位语从句，从句含 “reduce...and ship...out”（降低…… 并使…… 外流）的并列结构。
- 关键词处理：“be bound to” 译为 “必然会”（体现趋势的必然性）；“shift...to” 译为 “转移到”（符合制造业外迁的语境）；“gross domestic product” 译为 “国内生产总值（GDP）”（补充缩写，符合经济术语规范）；“ship more jobs out of the country” 译为 “导致更多就业岗位外流”（避免直译 “将工作运出国家”，更符合中文表达习惯）。
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “为”“这将” 连接前后句，体现 “应对挑战→制造业转移→带来影响” 的逻辑链条，使译文流畅自然。
你完全可以按照自己的意愿来包装公司，但不可否认的事实是许多公司需要苦心经营以求赢利。
- 参考译文：You can absolutely package your company according to your own will, but the undeniable fact is that many companies need to operate with great efforts to make profits.
- 解析：
- 语义精准传递：“按照自己的意愿” 译为 “according to your own will”（避免直译 “follow your wish”，更贴合 “自主决策” 的语境）；“苦心经营” 译为 “operate with great efforts”（体现 “投入大量精力经营” 的含义，比 “manage hard” 更自然）；“以求赢利” 译为 “to make profits”（符合商业语境的固定表达）。
- 句式结构：前半句为简单句，后半句用 “but” 转折，“不可否认的事实是” 译为 “the undeniable fact is that...”（同位语从句结构），避免中文长句拆分后的逻辑断裂，同时保留 “转折强调” 的语气。
- 语法规范：“完全可以” 译为 “absolutely”（副词修饰动词 “package”），“需要苦心经营” 用 “need to operate...”（符合 “need to do” 的语法结构），确保译文语法正确。
- 参考范文：
The Role of Migrant Workers in City Prosperity
Migrant workers are an indispensable force behind the prosperity of cities. First, they fuel urban development by undertaking labor-intensive jobs that are essential but often less attractive to local residents, such as construction, logistics, and service industries. Without their efforts, many key projects—from skyscrapers to subway lines—would be delayed, and daily life services like cleaning and food supply would be disrupted.
Second, migrant workers contribute to urban economic growth. They not only create wealth through their labor but also stimulate consumption: their spending on housing, food, and daily necessities boosts local markets. For example, in major cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou, migrant workers make up a large part of the workforce in manufacturing and catering, driving the development of related industries.
However, migrant workers still face challenges like unequal access to public services. To sustain urban prosperity, cities should improve their living conditions, provide equal education and medical resources for their children, and protect their labor rights. Only by ensuring migrant workers are treated fairly can cities continue to benefit from their contributions and achieve long-term prosperity.
- 解析：
- 结构清晰：采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构，首段点明 “农民工是城市繁荣的重要力量”，中间从 “推动城市建设”“促进经济增长” 两个维度论证，结尾提出 “改善农民工待遇” 的建议，符合 “角色定位 - 贡献 - 优化方向” 的逻辑；
- 内容充实：每个论点均有具体例证（如建筑、物流行业，上海、广州的案例），避免空洞论述，增强说服力；
- 语言规范：用词准确（如 “indispensable force”“labor-intensive”“public services”），句式多样（含定语从句、条件句），篇幅控制在 180 词左右，符合题目要求。
东北农业大学考博真题是东北农业大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考东北农业大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。东北农业大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
