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2026年 福建农林大学考博真题,考博试题
A. underline B. undermine C. overlook D. overstate
- 选项拆解与词义辨析：
- A. underline：强调、凸显（及物动词，搭配 “need/importance/significance” 等抽象名词，指通过证据或结论突出某事物的必要性）；
- B. undermine：削弱、破坏（搭配 “confidence/authority/foundation”，指暗中损害某事物的基础，与题干 “强调需求” 语义相反）；
- C. overlook：忽视、忽略（指因疏忽未注意到，题干中研究结论是主动 “指出” 需求，而非 “忽视”）；
- D. overstate：夸大、夸张（指过度表述事实，题干未提及结论 “夸大”，而是基于研究的客观强调）。
- 语境匹配：题干核心逻辑为 “研究发现→证明土壤保护技术投资的必要性”，需填入 “强调” 含义的动词，underline 符合 “通过研究结论凸显需求” 的语义，其余选项均与语境矛盾。
- 考点延伸：考博英语词汇辨析常聚焦 “形近义异” 词（如 underline/undermine），需结合 “动词搭配对象”“语境逻辑” 判断；补充同类高频词：emphasize（强调，通用）、highlight（突出，侧重聚焦重点）、reinforce（强化，侧重通过证据巩固观点）。
A. essence B. premise C. defect D. obstacle
- 选项拆解与词义辨析：
- A. essence：本质、核心（指事物最根本的特征或价值，搭配 “of sth”，符合 “基因编辑工具的核心优势” 的语境）；
- B. premise：前提、假设（指某观点成立的先决条件，如 “the premise of the research”，题干中 “提升产量且不破坏生态” 是工具的 “优势”，而非 “前提”）；
- C. defect：缺陷、缺点（与题干 “提升产量” 的积极语义相反，排除）；
- D. obstacle：障碍、阻碍（指阻碍事物发展的因素，与题干积极语境矛盾，排除）。
- 语境匹配：题干强调基因编辑工具的 “核心价值” 是 “提升产量 + 保护生态”，essence 准确对应 “事物根本优势” 的语义，其余选项均不符合积极正向的描述。
- 考点延伸：考博英语常考 “抽象名词 + of” 的搭配，需区分 “本质（essence）”“前提（premise）”“结果（consequence）” 等逻辑关系；补充农业类高频词汇：biotechnology（生物技术）、crop yield（作物产量）、ecological balance（生态平衡），需结合福建农林大学 “农业、生态” 学科特色记忆。
- A. absorb B. release C. generate D. consume
- A. moderate B. severe C. slight D. temporary
- A. implemented B. abandoned C. modified D. proposed
- A. disturb B. maintain C. break D. evaluate
- 词义与语境匹配：
- A. absorb：吸收（森林的核心生态功能是 “吸收二氧化碳”，符合 “碳汇” 常识，且与 “生态安全” 语境一致）；
- B. release：释放（与森林 “固碳” 功能相反，排除）；
- C. generate：产生（森林不 “产生” 二氧化碳，而是通过光合作用消耗，排除）；
- D. consume：消耗（侧重 “消耗资源”，如 consume energy，“吸收二氧化碳” 更常用 absorb，搭配更精准）。
- 学科常识关联：福建农林大学聚焦 “林业生态” 研究，“森林吸收二氧化碳” 是林业生态的基础常识，考博完形填空常融入学科相关背景，需积累专业领域常识。
- 词义与逻辑匹配：
- 前文 “过度砍伐（excessive logging）” 暗示森林破坏程度严重，需填入 “严重的” 形容词：
- A. moderate：适度的（与 “过度” 矛盾，排除）；
- B. severe：严重的（符合 “过度砍伐→严重森林砍伐” 的逻辑，且 “severe deforestation” 是生态领域常用搭配）；
- C. slight：轻微的（与 “威胁生态稳定” 的后果不匹配，排除）；
- D. temporary：暂时的（题干未提及 “砍伐是暂时的”，且 “暂时砍伐” 不会长期威胁生态，排除）。
- 逻辑衔接：完形填空需关注 “however” 表转折的逻辑，前文讲森林的积极作用，后文讲 “过度砍伐” 的负面影响，形容词需体现 “负面程度”，severe 是唯一符合逻辑的选项。
- 词义与语境匹配：
- 题干 “政府为解决问题→______政策”，需填入 “实施” 含义的动词：
- A. implemented：实施、执行（搭配 “policy/measure”，指将政策落地，符合 “政府解决问题” 的行动逻辑）；
- B. abandoned：放弃（与 “解决问题” 的目的相反，排除）；
- C. modified：修改（指对已有政策调整，题干未提及 “原有政策”，排除）；
- D. proposed：提议（指提出政策但未落地，而 “限制伐木配额” 是已执行的措施，需体现 “落地”，排除）。
- 考点延伸：考博完形常考 “政策类动词搭配”，如 implement a policy（实施政策）、formulate a policy（制定政策）、enforce a policy（执行政策），需区分 “政策制定→实施→调整” 的不同阶段对应的动词。
- 词义与目标匹配：
- 题干 “措施旨在______经济发展与生态保护的平衡”，需填入 “维持” 含义的动词：
- A. disturb：扰乱（与 “解决问题” 的目的相反，排除）；
- B. maintain：维持、保持（“maintain the balance” 是固定搭配，符合 “政策目标是平衡两者关系” 的语境）；
- C. break：打破（与积极目标矛盾，排除）；
- D. evaluate：评估（指 “评估平衡”，而非 “实现平衡”，与 “措施旨在” 的目标逻辑不符，排除）。
- 逻辑总结：完形填空需把握 “问题→措施→目标” 的主线，此处 “措施目标” 是 “维持平衡”，maintain 是唯一符合 “积极目标” 的选项。
Arid and semi-arid regions account for 40% of the global land area, and these regions are critical for agricultural production, especially in developing countries. However, water scarcity has become a major constraint on crop yield in these areas. Traditional irrigation methods, such as flood irrigation, have a water use efficiency of only 30-40%, leading to significant water waste. In contrast, modern water-saving technologies, including drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, can improve water use efficiency to 70-80%.
A study conducted by researchers from 福建农林大学’s College of Agriculture found that in the semi-arid region of northern Fujian, the application of drip irrigation increased rice yield by 15% while reducing water consumption by 25% compared to flood irrigation. The study also noted that drip irrigation reduced soil salinization—a common problem in arid regions caused by excessive water evaporation—by minimizing water contact with the soil surface.
However, the promotion of water-saving technologies faces challenges. High initial investment costs, lack of technical training for farmers, and inadequate policy support have hindered their widespread adoption. To address these barriers, the study recommended that governments provide subsidies for small-scale farmers to purchase water-saving equipment, establish technical training programs, and develop long-term policies that link water conservation to agricultural subsidies.
A. They cannot meet the water demand of crops.
B. They have low water use efficiency and cause waste.
C. They lead to a significant decrease in soil fertility.
D. They are too expensive for small-scale farmers.
- 定位与解题步骤：
- 题干关键词 “traditional irrigation methods”“main problem”，定位原文第一段第三句：“Traditional irrigation methods, such as flood irrigation, have a water use efficiency of only 30-40%, leading to significant water waste.”；
- 分析选项：
- A. “无法满足作物需水”：原文未提及 “需水不足”，仅说 “效率低、浪费”，排除；
- B. “水分利用效率低且造成浪费”：与原文 “效率 30-40%+ 导致浪费” 完全匹配，是传统灌溉的核心问题；
- C. “土壤肥力下降”：原文第二段提到 “土壤盐碱化”，而非 “肥力下降”，偷换概念，排除；
- D. “对小农太贵”：原文第三段提到 “现代技术成本高”，而非传统方法，对象错误，排除。
- 考点延伸：考博阅读 “细节题” 需精准定位原文，避免 “偷换概念（如 salinization→fertility）”“对象混淆（传统 vs 现代技术）”；补充 “water use efficiency（水分利用效率）”“soil salinization（土壤盐碱化）” 等农业类核心术语，匹配福建农林大学学科特色。
A. It increases water consumption while improving crop yield.
B. It reduces soil salinization by decreasing water evaporation.
C. It requires lower initial investment than flood irrigation.
D. It is more suitable for large-scale farms than small-scale ones.
- 定位与解题步骤：
- 题干关键词 “positive effect of drip irrigation”“study”，定位原文第二段第二句：“The study also noted that drip irrigation reduced soil salinization—a common problem in arid regions caused by excessive water evaporation—by minimizing water contact with the soil surface.”；
- 分析选项：
- A. “增加水分消耗”：原文第二段明确 “减少 25% 水分消耗”，与选项矛盾，排除；
- B. “通过减少水分蒸发降低土壤盐碱化”：原文提到 “土壤盐碱化由过度蒸发导致，滴灌通过减少土壤表面水分接触（即减少蒸发）降低盐碱化”，与选项完全匹配；
- C. “初始成本更低”：原文第三段提到 “现代技术初始成本高”，滴灌是现代技术，成本更高，排除；
- D. “更适合大规模农场”：原文未提及 “规模适配性”，且第三段聚焦 “小农补贴”，暗示滴灌需支持小农使用，排除。
- 考点延伸：考博阅读 “细节题” 常考查 “长难句拆分”（如原文破折号解释盐碱化成因），需理清 “因果关系（蒸发→盐碱化，滴灌→减少蒸发→降低盐碱化）”；同时关注 “study noted”“research found” 等权威结论标识，此类内容是高频考点。
- 背景引入：Rural revitalization is a core strategy for China’s social and economic development, aiming to address the gap between urban and rural areas, improve rural living standards, and ensure food security. However, rural areas, especially in agricultural regions, face challenges such as low agricultural productivity, shortage of technical talents, and outdated production methods.
- ** thesis statement**：Agricultural science and technology (AST) serves as a key driver for rural revitalization, as it can enhance crop yield and quality, optimize agricultural production models, and create new economic growth points for rural areas.
- 核心论证：
- 数据支撑：According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the application of hybrid rice technology has increased global rice yield by over 20% in the past decade, feeding an additional 100 million people. In Fujian Province, researchers from 福建农林大学 have developed drought-resistant tea varieties, which have improved survival rates by 35% in mountainous rural areas, ensuring stable income for tea farmers.
- 逻辑链：AST（如杂交技术、抗逆品种）→提升产量 + 抵御自然灾害→保障粮食安全→为农村振兴奠定物质基础。
- 学科关联：结合福建农林大学 “作物育种、农业生态” 研究成果，增强论证的针对性与专业性。
- 核心论证：
- 案例分析：Modern technologies such as smart irrigation (e.g., drip irrigation, sensor-based water control), precision agriculture (using drones for pest detection), and agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) have transformed traditional “labor-intensive” farming into “technology-intensive” models. For example, in southern Fujian, smart greenhouses equipped with temperature and humidity sensors have reduced labor costs by 40% and increased vegetable yield by 25%, attracting young talents to return to rural areas.
- 逻辑链：AST（智能灌溉、精准农业）→减少劳动力依赖 + 提升生产效率→推动农业现代化→解决农村 “用工荒” 问题。
- 核心论证：
- 实践案例：Agricultural science and technology has promoted the integration of agriculture with tourism, education, and health industries. For instance, “agritech tourism” in Fujian’s rural areas—where visitors experience smart farming, pick organic fruits, and learn about agricultural technologies—has become a new source of rural income. Additionally, deep processing technologies for agricultural products (e.g., processing tea into health products, processing fruits into jams) have increased the added value of rural products by 50-80%.
- 逻辑链：AST→农业与多产业融合→催生新业态（农旅、深加工）→拓展收入来源→实现农村经济多元化。
- 总结重申：Agricultural science and technology is not only a tool to improve agricultural productivity but also a core engine for rural revitalization, addressing key challenges such as food security, agricultural modernization, and rural economic diversification.
- 展望建议：To maximize the role of AST, governments should increase investment in agricultural R&D (especially in regional universities like 福建农林大学), strengthen technical training for farmers, and improve the mechanism for transforming scientific research achievements into practical applications. Only by combining technology with rural needs can we achieve sustainable rural revitalization.
- 高分亮点：
- 学科适配性：多次融入福建农林大学研究成果（抗逆茶树品种、智能温室）、福建农村案例，贴合学校 “农业、生态” 学科特色，避免泛泛而谈；
- 论证逻辑：采用 “背景→分论点（数据 + 案例）→结论” 的结构，每个分论点均有 “技术→效果→振兴作用” 的逻辑链，层层递进；
- 语言规范：使用学术性词汇（如 productivity, diversification, R&D, transformation），句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、插入语），符合博士英语写作的 “学术性” 要求。
- 考点延伸：考博英语写作常围绕 “国家战略（如乡村振兴）”“学科热点（如农业科技）” 命题，需积累 “数据支撑（如 Ministry of Agriculture 数据）”“案例论证（区域特色案例）” 的写作素材；同时注意 “论点明确、逻辑清晰、语言学术化” 三大高分标准。
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