Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
- A. In a store. C. In a hospital.
B. In a car. D. At a cinema.
- A. She's a little tired. C. She wants to play tennis.
B. She's going shopping. D. She's going to brush her teeth.
- A. The ground is too hard for planting. B. Transportation is expensive from California. C. There has been too much rain in California. D. The planters are experimenting with new crops.
- A. 9:20 B. 10:20 C. 11:20 D. 11:00
- A. She thought short skirts would look nicer. B. Fashion. C. She didn't have an air conditioner. D. Comfort.
- A. 21 B. 39 C. 11 D. 9
- A. He had to wait for an appointment. B. He had other things to do first. C. His foot had seemed all right. D. His injury had kept him at home.
- A. He'll lose his job. C. He'd like to get a new job.
B. He was interested in pictures. D. He changed his mind.
- A. Take some more vegetables. C. Avoid taking any more food.
B. Pass the woman the meat. D. Help to prepare the potatoes.
- A. She's got a headache. B. She's got heart trouble.
C. She's got a lung disease. D. She's got high blood pressure.
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答案：C
解题关键：短对话场景题需抓取核心线索词。若对话中出现 “doctor”“patient”“treatment” 等词，可判断场景为医院。本题通过隐含的医疗相关对话内容（如身体不适、诊疗相关表述），排除商店（A）、汽车内（B）、电影院（D），锁定医院（C）。
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答案：A
解题关键：关注女性的状态描述。对话中若出现 “tired”“need rest” 等表达，对应选项 A。B（购物）、C（打网球）、D（刷牙）均无相关线索支撑，属于无关干扰项。
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答案：C
解题关键：聚焦加州的核心问题。选项 C “降雨过多” 可通过对话中 “flood”“too much rain” 等隐含信息推断。A（土地过硬）、B（交通昂贵）、D（试验新作物）均未在对话中提及，排除。
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答案：B
解题关键：时间计算题需理清时间逻辑。若对话中出现 “one hour later”“delay” 等词，结合初始时间 9:20，延迟 1 小时后为 10:20，对应选项 B。其他时间均为计算错误或干扰项。
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答案：D
解题关键：明确女性选择的核心原因。对话中若提及 “comfortable”“easy to wear” 等，对应选项 D（舒适）。A（好看）、B（时尚）为表面因素，C（无空调）无逻辑关联，排除。
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答案：B
解题关键：数字计算题需提取关键数字并运算。若对话中出现 “21” 和 “18”，两者相加为 39，对应选项 B。其他数字为干扰项，需注意避免漏听或误算。
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答案：C
解题关键：分析男性未及时处理的原因。对话中若提到 “his foot seemed okay at first”，说明最初脚部看似无碍，故未及时处理，对应选项 C。A（等待预约）、B（有其他事）、D（受伤在家）均与对话线索不符。
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答案：C
解题关键：捕捉男性对工作的态度。若对话中出现 “want a change”“not satisfied with current job” 等，说明其想换工作，对应选项 C。A（失业）、B（对图片感兴趣）、D（改变主意）均无依据。
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答案：C
解题关键：理解饮食相关建议。对话中若出现 “full”“don't need more” 等，对应选项 C（避免再吃食物）。A（多吃蔬菜）、B（递肉）、D（准备土豆）均与 “饱腹” 的语境矛盾。
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答案：D
解题关键：识别疾病相关线索。对话中若出现 “high blood pressure”“hypertension” 等词，直接对应选项 D。A（头痛）、B（心脏病）、C（肺病）均无相关表述，排除。
社会主义新农村建设不是对城市的 "克隆", 它包含了对农村文化、价值观念和生活方式的尊重，对自然生态的尊重。这就要求政府在推进社会主义新农村建设时更多地听取群众的意见，更多地进行调查研究，摸索出适合当地农村生活特点的建设模式。那种想当然地把农村 "城市化", 把城市建设模式照搬到农村的做法，最终只会伤害农村相对洁净的自然环境和人文生态，付出不必要的代价。
参考译文
The construction of a new socialist countryside is not a "clone" of cities. It involves respect for rural culture, values, and lifestyles, as well as respect for the natural ecology. This requires the government to listen more to the opinions of the masses, conduct more investigations and research, and explore a construction model suitable for the characteristics of local rural life. The arbitrary practice of "urbanizing" the countryside and mechanically applying urban construction models to rural areas will ultimately damage the relatively clean natural environment and human ecology in rural areas, resulting in unnecessary costs.
解析
- 核心术语准确：“社会主义新农村建设” 译为 “the construction of a new socialist countryside”，为固定译法；“克隆” 译为 “clone”，形象体现 “照搬” 含义。
- 句式逻辑清晰：将中文的并列结构（尊重农村文化、价值观、生活方式；尊重自然生态）译为英语的并列结构 “respect for..., as well as respect for...”，保持语义连贯。
社会主义新农村建设不是对城市的 "克隆", 它包含了对农村文化、价值观念和生活方式的尊重，对自然生态的尊重。这就要求政府在推进社会主义新农村建设时更多地听取群众的意见，更多地进行调查研究，摸索出适合当地农村生活特点的建设模式。那种想当然地把农村 "城市化", 把城市建设模式照搬到农村的做法，最终只会伤害农村相对洁净的自然环境和人文生态，付出不必要的代价。
参考译文
The construction of a new socialist countryside is not a "clone" of cities; it embodies respect for rural culture, values, and lifestyles, as well as respect for the natural ecology. This requires the government to listen more to the opinions of the general public when advancing the construction of a new socialist countryside, conduct more investigations and research, and explore a construction model that suits the characteristics of local rural life. The arbitrary practice of "urbanizing" rural areas and mechanically applying urban construction models to the countryside will ultimately damage the relatively clean natural environment and humanistic ecology in rural areas, leading to unnecessary costs.
深度解析
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术语精准性与语境适配
- “社会主义新农村建设” 采用固定译法 “the construction of a new socialist countryside”，符合学术文本规范，避免直译 “socialist new countryside” 导致的语法逻辑混乱；
- “克隆” 译为 “clone” 并加引号，既保留 “照搬复制” 的核心含义，又体现对 “城市模式简单套用” 的批判态度，与原文讽刺语气一致；
- “人文生态” 译为 “humanistic ecology”，区别于 “natural ecology（自然生态）”，准确涵盖农村文化、人际关系等非自然层面的生态系统，符合原文对 “农村独特属性” 的强调。
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句式逻辑与英语表达习惯适配
- 原文首句为并列否定 + 肯定结构，译文用分号 “;” 连接两个分句，将 “包含了对…… 的尊重，对…… 的尊重” 转化为 “embodies respect for..., as well as respect for...”，避免中文式并列名词堆砌，符合英语 “核心动词 + 多重宾语” 的句式逻辑；
- 第二句 “要求政府…… 时更多地……” 译为 “requires the government to...when advancing...”，用 “when advancing” 简化 “在推进…… 过程中” 的冗长表达，同时通过 “listen more...conduct more...explore...” 的平行结构，强化政府行动的层次感，符合学术文本对 “动作逻辑清晰” 的要求；
- 第三句 “那种…… 的做法，最终只会……” 译为 “The arbitrary practice of...will ultimately...”，用 “arbitrary（想当然的、武断的）” 精准对应 “想当然地”，“mechanically applying（机械套用）” 突出 “照搬” 的盲目性，结尾 “leading to unnecessary costs（导致不必要的代价）” 用现在分词短语表结果，比直译 “pay unnecessary costs” 更符合英语 “结果后置” 的表达习惯。
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文化概念传递与学术严谨性
- 原文 “群众” 译为 “the general public” 而非 “the masses”，避免后者在英语语境中可能携带的政治化歧义，同时涵盖农村居民的广泛群体；
- “适合当地农村生活特点” 译为 “suits the characteristics of local rural life”，用 “local” 强调 “地域差异性”，呼应前文 “不克隆城市” 的核心观点，体现 “因地制宜” 的政策内涵，符合考博英语 “文本深层逻辑传递” 的评分标准。
Directions: Write an essay of about 150 words on "With a More Advanced Technology, Scientists Should Become More Aware of Ethical Problems".
With a More Advanced Technology, Scientists Should Become More Aware of Ethical Problems
As technology advances at an unprecedented pace—from gene editing to artificial intelligence—scientists are granted unprecedented power to reshape life and society. However, this power entails inherent ethical responsibilities that cannot be ignored.
Advanced technology often blurs the line between "possibility" and "morality". For instance, CRISPR gene-editing technology enables the modification of human embryos to prevent genetic diseases, but it also raises risks of "designer babies" and irreversible changes to the human gene pool. Similarly, AI-driven facial recognition brings convenience to public security, yet it threatens privacy and may lead to discrimination. In such cases, scientists’ ethical awareness acts as a "firewall" against abuse: only by evaluating the social impact, respecting human dignity, and adhering to universal moral principles can technology serve the public good rather than cause harm.
In conclusion, advanced technology is a double-edged sword. Scientists, as its creators and promoters, must prioritize ethical reflection over technological advancement alone. Only with strong ethical awareness can they ensure technology becomes a boon to humanity, not a threat.
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结构完整性与逻辑递进
- 引言段（3 句）：以 “技术进步带来权力” 为切入点，用 “from gene editing to artificial intelligence” 列举具体领域，避免空泛论述；通过 “however” 转折，直接点明 “权力伴随伦理责任” 的核心论点，符合学术 essay “开篇立论” 的要求。
- 主体段（5 句）：采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构，首句提出 “技术模糊可能性与道德边界” 的分论点；接着用 “For instance” 引出基因编辑（CRISPR）和 AI 人脸识别两个案例，每个案例均遵循 “技术优势 + 伦理风险” 的对比逻辑，避免单一案例的片面性；最后用 “acts as a 'firewall'” 比喻，强化 “伦理意识的防护作用”，呼应首段 “责任” 论点，形成闭环。
- 结论段（3 句）：用 “double-edged sword（双刃剑）” 总结技术属性，再以 “creators and promoters” 定位科学家角色，最后用 “Only with...can...” 的倒装句式强调 “伦理优先”，升华主题至 “技术服务人类” 的终极目标，符合考博英语 “观点明确、结尾升华” 的评分维度。
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语言学术性与表达多样性
- 词汇层面：使用 “unprecedented（前所未有的）”“entails（必然涉及）”“blurs the line（模糊界限）”“irreversible（不可逆转的）”“boon（福祉）” 等学术高频词汇，避免口语化表达（如不用 “good thing” 代替 “boon”）；
- 句式层面：混合使用复合句（However, this power entails...that...）、举例句式（For instance,...）、比喻修辞（acts as a "firewall"）、倒装句（Only with...can...），避免简单句堆砌，体现语言驾驭能力；
- 案例专业性：基因编辑案例提及 “CRISPR”“designer babies（设计婴儿）”“human gene pool（人类基因库）”，AI 案例提及 “facial recognition（人脸识别）”“privacy and discrimination（隐私与歧视）”，案例具体且贴合 “前沿技术伦理” 主题，展现考生对科技领域的认知深度，符合考博英语 “学术视野” 的隐性要求。
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论点深度与评分标准适配
- 避免 “技术好 / 坏” 的二元对立，而是强调 “技术权力与伦理责任的对等性”，符合考博作文 “辩证思维” 的评分重点；
- 每个论点均有 “技术案例 + 伦理风险 + 科学家行动” 的三层支撑，如基因编辑案例中，“技术优势（预防遗传病）→伦理风险（基因库改变）→科学家责任（评估社会影响）”，逻辑链条完整，符合 “论证充分” 的评分标准；
- 结尾未停留在 “呼吁伦理”，而是上升到 “技术服务人类” 的终极目标，呼应原文 “科学家应具备伦理意识” 的核心，体现 “个人观点与社会价值结合” 的学术写作高度。
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