- Hard as he tried, the speaker could not ______ his point of view to the audience.
[A] put across [B] put away [C] put forward [D] put through
- 短语辨析与语境适配
“put across” 意为 “使理解、传达清楚”，侧重 “将观点、想法有效传递给他人并被理解”，与宾语 “his point of view to the audience”（向观众传达他的观点）形成精准搭配，句意为 “尽管发言者努力尝试，但仍未能让观众理解他的观点”，完美契合 “努力传达却未成功” 的语境逻辑。
- 干扰项排除
- B “put away” 意为 “收好、储存”，侧重 “放置物品或搁置想法”，如 “put away books”，与 “观点传达” 语义无关；
- C “put forward” 意为 “提出”，仅强调 “主动提出观点”，不涉及 “让他人理解” 的结果，如 “put forward a proposal”，与题干中 “未能让观众接受” 的核心语义不符；
- D “put through” 意为 “接通电话、使经历”，如 “put through a call”，语义与语境完全不匹配。
- 学术扩展：“put across” 是考博英语高频学术短语，常用于学术演讲、论文写作等场景，描述 “观点传递与沟通效果”。博士阶段学术交流中，这类短语可精准传递 “信息传递的有效性”，需重点区分其与 “put forward”（提出）、“convey”（传达）等近义词的语义差异 ——“put across” 更强调 “被理解” 的结果，“put forward” 侧重 “提出” 的动作，“convey” 侧重 “传递” 的过程。
The principle that lies behind all this precision comes out of quantum physics. When an atom is bombarded with electromagnetic radiation—in this case, microwaves—its electrons shift into a new energy state. Each type of atom responds most readily to a particular frequency of radiation. For the cesium 133 atoms in most atomic clocks, the frequency is 9,192,613,770 vibrations per second. That means that when a microwave beam inside the clock is set exactly to that frequency, the maximum number of atoms will undergo the energy shift. This signals the clock's internal computer that the device is correctly tuned. And in fact, it is the vibrating microwaves that keep time; the atoms are used just to keep them on track.
- The atomic clock is very accurate because ______
[A] quantum physics keeps perfect time
[B] the cesium 133 atoms keeps perfect time
[C] electro-magnetic radiation keeps time
[D] the vibrating microwaves keep time
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确指出原子钟精准的核心原理：“实际上，是振动的微波在计时；原子仅用于保持微波的准确性”（And in fact, it is the vibrating microwaves that keep time; the atoms are used just to keep them on track）。选项 D 直接引用原文核心表述，是原子钟精准的根本原因，故为正确答案。
- 干扰项排除
- A “量子物理精准计时” 错误，量子物理是原子钟的理论基础，而非直接计时主体；
- B “铯 133 原子精准计时” 错误，原子的作用是 “校准微波频率”，而非直接计时；
- C “电磁辐射计时” 错误，电磁辐射（微波）是载体，具体发挥计时作用的是 “振动的微波”，选项表述过于宽泛。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “科技类文本” 需关注 “原理 - 主体 - 作用” 的逻辑链，本题中 “量子物理（理论）→ 铯原子（校准）→ 振动微波（计时）” 构成核心逻辑，解题需精准捕捉 “实际发挥核心作用的主体”。这类文本常涉及 “理论与实践”“整体与局部” 的区分，需避免被表面概念误导。
But that's only organized basketball. Informally, the game has been learned by generations of American youths on city playgrounds and schoolyards, on lonely baskets put up in backyards of rural homes and on the driveway basketball courts of countless suburban homes. Here, playing on teams, going one-on-one against an opponent or just shooting the ball hour after hour alone, some of the finest basketball players have developed their skills to incredible levels.
但这只是有组织的篮球运动。在非正式场合，一代又一代的美国年轻人在城市操场、校园球场、乡村住宅后院搭建的简易篮筐旁，以及无数郊区住宅的车道球场上学会了这项运动。在这里，无论是组队竞技、一对一单挑，还是独自数小时练习投篮，许多最优秀的篮球运动员都将自己的技艺提升到了令人惊叹的水平。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 地点状语整合：将多个并列地点（city playgrounds、schoolyards、backyards、driveway basketball courts）按 “城市 - 乡村 - 郊区” 的空间逻辑重组，用 “在…… 旁”“以及” 衔接，避免直译导致的杂乱；
- 现在分词结构处理：“playing on teams...alone” 译为 “无论是组队竞技…… 还是独自……”，用中文并列结构整合英文分词短语，逻辑更清晰；
- 语义补充：“lonely baskets” 译为 “简易篮筐”，补充 “搭建” 的动作，贴合 “乡村后院” 的场景，避免直译 “孤独的篮筐” 带来的语义偏差。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心术语翻译：“organized basketball” 译为 “有组织的篮球运动”，“one-on-one” 译为 “一对一单挑”（篮球领域固定表达），“shooting the ball” 译为 “练习投篮”，符合运动场景语义；
- 语义完整：无遗漏 “generations of”（一代又一代）、“incredible levels”（令人惊叹的水平）等核心语义，忠实还原原文强调的 “篮球运动的普及性与技艺提升的可能性”。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：采用正式书面语，同时保留运动场景的生动性，如 “组队竞技”“单挑” 等表达，避免过于口语化或生硬；
- 逻辑连贯：通过 “但”“在这里” 等连接词，自然过渡 “有组织运动” 与 “非正式运动” 的对比，中文句式流畅无冗余。
Directions: Write a composition on "Committing Suicide Is Immoral" with no less than 200 words. Outline: 1) 自杀违背生命的本质；2) 自杀对他人造成伤害；3) 正确的生命态度。
Committing Suicide Is Immoral
Life, as a precious gift endowed by nature and nurtured by society, carries inherent value and responsibilities that make committing suicide an immoral act. The essence of life lies in its uniqueness and irreversibility—each individual’s existence is intertwined with the interests of others and the development of society. Suicide not only terminates one’s own life arbitrarily but also violates the inherent dignity of life, ignoring the natural law of growth and the efforts of those who have nurtured and cared for us. It is a denial of life’s meaning and a shirking of the responsibilities we owe to ourselves and others.
Furthermore, suicide inflicts profound harm on family, friends, and even the wider community. For family members, the loss of a loved one often brings long-term psychological trauma—grief, guilt, and confusion may haunt them for years. Friends may feel helpless and regretful for failing to provide timely support. From a social perspective, the loss of any individual is a waste of social resources invested in their growth, such as education and public services. In cases of public figures or professionals, suicide may even cause social panic or disrupt related fields, affecting more people indirectly.
Faced with life’s difficulties, a correct attitude towards life is to confront challenges rather than escape them. Life is inevitably accompanied by setbacks, pressures, and pain, but these are not reasons to abandon life. Instead, they should be regarded as opportunities for growth and self-improvement. When encountering difficulties, individuals can seek help from family, friends, psychological counselors, or social welfare organizations. Society should also strengthen life education and psychological support systems to help people establish a positive outlook on life. Cherishing life means respecting oneself, caring for others, and undertaking responsibilities—this is not only a basic moral requirement but also the foundation for personal happiness and social harmony.
In conclusion, committing suicide is not a personal choice free from moral constraints; it is an immoral act that violates life’s dignity, harms others, and wastes social resources. We should always hold a respectful and cherish attitude towards life, facing difficulties with courage and seeking positive solutions. Only in this way can we realize the value of life and contribute to the well-being of ourselves and society.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：点明核心观点 —— 自杀是不道德的，从 “生命的独特性与不可逆性” 切入，论证自杀违背生命本质；
- 主体段 1：从 “家庭、朋友、社会” 三个维度，分析自杀对他人的多重伤害，体现 “个人行为的社会影响”；
- 主体段 2：提出正确的生命态度，强调 “直面困境 + 寻求帮助”，结合个人与社会两个层面给出解决方案；
- 结尾段：总结升华，重申自杀的不道德性，呼吁 “珍视生命、承担责任”，呼应开头核心观点。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “endowed by nature”“inherent dignity”“psychological trauma”“outlook on life” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Furthermore”“Instead”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “立论 - 论证 - 解决方案 - 总结” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“who have nurtured and cared for us”）、让步状语从句（“though these are not reasons”）、并列结构（“respecting oneself, caring for others, and undertaking responsibilities”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不局限于 “自杀伤害自己” 的表层论述，延伸至 “生命本质”“社会责任”“他人福祉” 等深层维度，体现博士研究生的思辨能力。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 240 词左右，严格遵循提纲结构，论证兼顾理论与现实，无冗余表述。
考博英语真题（含历年试题及高分答案详解）是备考的核心资料，能帮助考生精准把握命题重点（如科技类阅读、学术短语、社会伦理类写作）。考生可通过以下渠道获取真题：
考博信息网官网：
http://www.kaoboinfo.com/
中国石油大学(华东)
考博历年真题下载专用页面：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2761286.html
- 重点积累 “观点传递、信息沟通” 类学术短语（如 put across、put forward、convey），结合真题例句记忆其语义边界；
- 强化 “短语 + 语境” 的绑定记忆，避免孤立记忆短语含义，通过真题场景理解其用法差异；
- 建立短语错题本，重点突破 “语义相近短语” 的辨析（如 put across/put forward/convey），结合学术写作场景深化应用。
- 科技类文章需关注 “理论 - 原理 - 应用” 的逻辑链，精准捕捉 “核心作用主体”“因果关系” 等关键信息；
- 针对 “细节题”，重点训练 “关键词定位 + 选项语义匹配” 能力，避免被表面概念或宽泛表述误导；
- 积累科技、社会、伦理类高频学术词汇，提升文本理解效率，尤其关注 “专业术语 + 通俗解释” 的语义对应。
- 运动、社会类翻译需确保 “领域术语精准”，积累相关主题词汇，如 “one-on-one”“organized basketball” 等；
- 处理英文长句时，合理拆分并列结构、分词短语，使用中文短句优化表达，保持逻辑连贯；
- 关注语义补充与文化适配，避免直译导致的语义偏差，确保译文符合中文表达习惯。
- 社会伦理类写作需遵循 “立论 - 论证 - 解决方案” 的结构，观点明确，论证兼顾个人、他人、社会多个维度；
- 论据需结合现实场景（如家庭伤害、社会资源浪费），增强说服力，避免泛泛而谈；
- 运用学术化表达与逻辑连接词，提升文本专业性，结尾段升华至 “社会价值、生命意义” 等宏观视角，符合博士研究生的学术视野。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸中国石油大学(华东)博士研究生。
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