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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国石油大学(华东) 2011 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、词汇、翻译、改错、写作五大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.
The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them. I don't mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional.
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The author suggests that the old people should ______.
A) forget those old good days
B) focus their attention on the things they can possibly do
C) keep themselves away from the life of the young
D) be emotional when helping the young
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Who may lead a happy life in their old age?
A) Those who have wisdom and experience.
B) Those who can forget the past.
C) Those who are capable of strong impersonal interests.
D) Those who enjoy the company of the children and the grandchildren.
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We are ______ of another depression unless the economy improves radically in the next few months.
A) fearful B) frightful C) terrible D) horrible
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Nature had ______ the boy with two hands, but not, apparently, with the brains to use them properly.
A) equipped B) supplied C) provided D) afforded
To stay current in your discipline and to assure work success and career progression, it's imperative you stay on top of emerging techniques and technologies that affect your area.
Directions: Write a composition of about 150 words on the topic "Advantages and Disadvantages of TV Commercials". You should cover the benefits, drawbacks, and give your comments or conclusion.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对老年人生活建议的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “老年人的思想应指向未来，指向那些有事情可做的方面”，即应关注自己能做的事，故选 [B]。
[A]“忘记过去的美好时光” 过于绝对，原文仅说 “不应过度沉浸过去”；[C]“远离年轻人的生活” 与原文 “不应过度干预但可保持关注” 相悖；[D]“帮助年轻人时保持情绪化” 与原文 “不应过度情绪化” 不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对 “幸福老年生活” 条件的推导。
- 答案详解：原文提到成功的老年人 “应具备强烈的非个人化兴趣，参与合适的活动”，且兴趣应是沉思性、博爱的，而非过度情绪化，故选 [C]。
[A]“有智慧和经验”、[B]“能忘记过去” 未提及；[D]“享受儿孙陪伴” 若过度则会成为负担，并非幸福的核心条件，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦 “对负面事件的担忧” 的语义表达。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. fearful（害怕的，侧重对可能发生的坏事的担忧）；B. frightful（可怕的，形容事物本身令人恐惧）；C. terrible（糟糕的，形容事物质量差或情况恶劣）；D. horrible（恐怖的，强调极度令人不适）。语境为 “担心经济萧条再次发生”，“be fearful of” 为固定搭配，符合语义，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义与搭配，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “赋予某人某种能力或器官” 的语义表达。
- 答案详解：“equip sb. with sth.” 为固定搭配，意为 “赋予某人某物（器官、能力等）”，语境为 “大自然赋予这个男孩双手”，符合语义，故选 [A]。
[B] supplied（提供）、[C] provided（提供）均侧重 “提供物品或资源”，不用于 “赋予器官”；[D] afforded（负担得起）与语境无关，故排除。
要在自己的学科领域保持前沿地位，确保工作成功与职业发展，你必须及时掌握影响你所在领域的新兴技术与方法，这一点至关重要。
- 考点定位：本题考查学术类文本英译汉，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“stay current” 译为 “保持前沿地位”，“discipline” 译为 “学科领域”，“career progression” 译为 “职业发展”，“stay on top of” 译为 “及时掌握”，符合学术文本规范。
- 句式优化：拆分英文长句，将 “it's imperative” 译为 “这一点至关重要”，置于句末，符合中文表达习惯；“that affect your area” 译为 “影响你所在领域的”，作后置定语，逻辑清晰。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “保持前沿、确保成功、掌握新技术” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递原文的职业发展建议。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “电视广告优缺点” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Advantages and Disadvantages of TV Commercials
TV commercials have become an indispensable part of daily life, bringing both benefits and drawbacks to people.
On the one hand, TV commercials offer obvious advantages. They help consumers learn about new products quickly, providing detailed information about functions, prices and uses, which saves time in shopping. For businesses, commercials are an effective way to promote products and expand market share, boosting economic development. Additionally, well-designed commercials can be entertaining, adding fun to TV programs.
On the other hand, TV commercials also have notable drawbacks. Some commercials are exaggerated or misleading, tempting consumers to buy low-quality products. Moreover, frequent interruptions by commercials can ruin the viewing experience of TV programs. For children, inappropriate commercials may have adverse effects on their values and consumption habits.
In conclusion, TV commercials are a double-edged sword. To maximize their benefits, relevant departments should strengthen supervision to regulate commercial content, and consumers should view commercials rationally. Only in this way can TV commercials better serve both businesses and the public.
- 结构：遵循 “总述广告的双重属性 — 分述优势（消费者、企业、娱乐性）与弊端（误导、干扰、影响儿童）— 总结建议” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 150 词要求；
- 内容：结合 “产品推广、购物便利、虚假宣传、节目干扰” 等具体现象，论据充分，贴合现实；
- 语言：使用 “indispensable, promote, expand market share, exaggerated, supervision, rationally” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国石油大学(华东) 2011 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节推理、词汇的语义搭配、翻译的学术术语规范及写作的辩证逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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