Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
- The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former can ______
[A] keep drivers alert
[B] can cut road accidents in half
[C] will have a longer effect on drivers
[D] will look more attractive
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确对比了 “直横线” 与 “人字形条纹（chevrons）” 的效果：直横线虽能初步将车速减半，但数月后司机适应后车速会恢复；而人字形条纹通过营造 “车速更快、车道更窄” 的视觉错觉，能实现 “更持久的车速降低与事故减少”。选项 C “对司机有更持久的影响” 精准匹配这一核心优势，是二者对比的关键差异。
- 干扰项排除
- A “保持司机警觉” 原文未提及，人字形条纹的核心作用是 “视觉错觉降速”，而非 “警觉性提升”；
- B “将交通事故减半” 是直横线的 “初始效果”，并非人字形条纹的优势，且表述绝对化；
- D “看起来更具吸引力” 属于无中生有，原文未涉及 “外观吸引力” 的对比。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “对比类细节题” 需关注 “however”“the result is” 等信号词，精准捕捉二者的核心差异。这类 “交通工程类文本” 常以 “问题 - 解决方案 - 效果对比” 为结构，解题需聚焦 “方案优势的具体表述”，避免被表面信息误导。
- They were ______ in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.
[A] submerged [B] drowned [C] immersed [D] dipped
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“immersed” 意为 “沉浸于、专注于”，侧重 “全身心投入某事物，忽略外界”，与介词 “in” 搭配，句意为 “他们沉浸在科学研究中，完全不知道实验室外发生了什么”，精准契合 “专注研究、对外界无感知” 的语境。
- 干扰项排除
- A “submerged” 意为 “淹没、浸没”，侧重 “物理上被液体覆盖”，如 “submerged in water”，无法形容 “专注研究”；
- B “drowned” 意为 “溺水、淹没”，既指物理溺水，也可指 “被某事物淹没”，但语气过重，且多用于负面语境（如 “drowned in work” 强调工作过载），与 “科学研究” 的中性语境不符；
- C “dipped” 意为 “蘸、浸”，侧重 “短暂接触液体”，如 “dip a finger in water”，语义与语境完全不匹配。
- 学术扩展：“immersed in” 是考博英语高频学术短语，常用于描述 “专注于研究、工作或学习”，在学术写作中可替换 “devoted to”“engaged in”，体现表达的多样性。博士阶段学术交流中，这类词汇可精准传递 “科研专注度”，需重点掌握其与 “submerged”“drowned” 等近义词的语义边界。
An equally exciting area for each species genetically adapted to soils that are infertile or too saline to allow economic crop production. Marketable barley crops have been produced on experimental plots barely irrigated with water from Pacific Ocean. This genetic approach to saline crop production has been proven with barley, and is applicable to other crops. Barley grown with brackish water is superior in nutritional value to that irrigated with fresh water. This development could be the shape of things to come in genetically opening a vast new, ecological nutrition will surely play a key role in the future of crop production.
对于每一个经遗传改良、适配贫瘠或盐渍化土壤（此类土壤无法进行经济型作物种植）的物种而言，还有一个同样令人振奋的研究领域。在实验田块中，研究人员仅用太平洋海水进行少量灌溉，便成功培育出可市场化的大麦作物。这种通过遗传改良实现盐渍化土壤作物种植的方法已在大麦上得到验证，且适用于其他作物。用微咸水灌溉种植的大麦，其营养价值优于淡水灌溉的大麦。这一进展或许预示着未来的发展方向 —— 通过遗传技术开发广阔的新型生态种植领域，而营养成分必将在未来作物生产中发挥关键作用。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 长句拆分：将首句 “An equally exciting area...economic crop production” 拆分为 “对于每一个…… 的物种而言，还有一个同样令人振奋的研究领域”，补充 “研究领域” 明确语义，避免直译导致的晦涩；
- 被动语态转换：“have been produced” 译为 “成功培育出”，“has been proven” 译为 “得到验证”，符合中文主动表达习惯；
- 语义补充：“brackish water” 译为 “微咸水”（海洋相关专业术语），“the shape of things to come” 译为 “预示着未来的发展方向”，避免字面翻译 “未来事物的样子” 带来的语义偏差。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心术语翻译：“genetically adapted” 译为 “经遗传改良”，“saline” 译为 “盐渍化”，“marketable barley crops” 译为 “可市场化的大麦作物”，“ecological nutrition” 译为 “生态种植领域”，确保农业与遗传学专业术语精准；
- 逻辑连贯：通过 “这一进展”“而” 等连接词，自然衔接 “技术验证 - 应用前景 - 核心作用” 的逻辑链，使译文流畅自然。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：采用正式书面语，契合 “农业科技” 主题的学术语境，避免口语化表达；
- 语义完整：无遗漏 “营养价值优势”“适用于其他作物” 等关键信息，忠实还原原文强调的 “遗传技术在盐渍化土壤种植中的应用价值”。
Directions: Write an article on "The Importance of Creativity in Scientific Research" with no less than 200 words. Use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument with examples.
The Importance of Creativity in Scientific Research
Scientific research is a journey of exploring the unknown, and creativity stands as its core driving force. Unlike repetitive labor, scientific research requires breaking through existing frameworks, challenging conventional wisdom, and proposing innovative ideas and methods. Without creativity, research would be confined to mechanical repetition of previous work, and technological progress and academic breakthroughs would be impossible. For doctoral researchers, creativity is not only a valuable quality but an indispensable ability to make significant contributions to their fields.
Creativity plays a decisive role in solving complex scientific problems. Many breakthroughs in history were achieved through creative thinking that transcended traditional approaches. For example, the development of CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology originated from scientists’ creative insight into bacterial immune systems—they transformed a natural defense mechanism into a precise and efficient gene-editing tool, revolutionizing biology and medicine. In the field of water conservancy science, the invention of permeable concrete, a creative combination of traditional concrete materials and ecological engineering concepts, effectively solves the problem of urban waterlogging while promoting groundwater recharge. These cases demonstrate that creativity enables researchers to see new connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena and find innovative solutions to long-standing challenges.
Furthermore, creativity fuels the sustainability of scientific progress. As research deepens, many established theories and methods face limitations, and only creative thinking can open up new research directions. For instance, in climate change research, traditional numerical models have difficulty simulating complex ecological responses. Researchers have creatively integrated artificial intelligence technology with climate models, significantly improving prediction accuracy and providing more reliable support for environmental policy-making. In addition, creativity encourages interdisciplinary collaboration—combining physics, chemistry, and biology to study water pollution mechanisms, for example—leading to more comprehensive and effective research outcomes.
In conclusion, creativity is the lifeblood of scientific research. It empowers researchers to break through boundaries, solve complex problems, and drive continuous progress. For doctoral candidates, cultivating creativity requires maintaining curiosity, challenging authority, and accumulating diverse knowledge. Only by nurturing a creative mindset can we make meaningful contributions to scientific advancement and address the global challenges facing humanity.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：点明核心观点 —— 创造力是科学研究的核心驱动力，强调其对突破传统、实现学术突破的不可或缺性；
- 主体段 1：从 “解决复杂问题” 切入，结合 CRISPR 技术、透水混凝土发明等实例，论证创造力在突破技术瓶颈中的关键作用；
- 主体段 2：从 “推动持续进步” 展开，以气候模型与 AI 结合、跨学科研究为例，说明创造力对拓展研究方向、提升研究效果的重要性；
- 结尾段：总结升华，强调创造力是科研的生命线，呼吁博士研究生培养创造力，呼应开头核心观点。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “core driving force”“break through existing frameworks”“revolutionizing”“interdisciplinary collaboration” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Furthermore”“For example”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “总 - 分 - 总” 逻辑链；
- 实例适配：结合水利工程、基因编辑、气候研究等多领域实例，兼顾通用性与专业关联性，体现博士研究生的学术视野；
- 观点深刻：不局限于 “创造力重要” 的表层论述，延伸至 “创造力如何推动突破、拓展方向” 的深层维度，体现思辨能力。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 230 词左右，论证兼顾理论与实例，无冗余表述，完全契合学术写作要求。
- 科技类文章需关注 “问题 - 解决方案 - 效果对比” 的结构，精准捕捉不同方案的优势与差异；
- 针对 “细节题”，重点训练 “关键词定位 + 选项语义匹配” 能力，避免被绝对化表述或无依据信息误导；
- 积累农业、水利、环境等领域高频学术词汇，提升文本理解效率，尤其关注 “技术术语 + 通俗解释” 的语义对应。
- 重点积累 “专注研究、突破创新” 类学术词汇（如 immersed in、break through、revolutionize），结合真题例句记忆其搭配与语义差异；
- 强化 “近义词辨析” 训练，通过语境区分 “immersed/submerged/drowned” 等词汇的使用场景，避免用词偏差；
- 建立词汇错题本，重点突破 “学术短语 + 固定搭配” 考点，结合科研主题写作深化理解与应用。
- 农业、水利类翻译需确保 “盐渍化、微咸水、透水混凝土” 等专业术语精准，积累相关主题词汇；
- 处理英文长句时，合理拆分定语从句、被动结构，使用中文短句优化表达，保持逻辑连贯；
- 关注语义补充与逻辑衔接，避免直译导致的语义模糊，确保译文符合中文学术文本的表达习惯。
- 科研主题写作需遵循 “观点 - 实例 - 升华” 的结构，观点明确，实例结合科研领域突破（如水利工程、基因编辑），增强说服力；
- 论据需体现 “创造力如何推动突破”，避免泛泛而谈，结合具体技术或方法的创新点，展现专业性；
- 运用学术化表达与逻辑连接词，提升文本专业性，结尾段升华至 “解决全球挑战、推动人类进步” 的宏观视角，符合博士研究生的学术视野与社会关怀。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸中国水利水电科学研究院博士研究生。
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