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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国水利水电科学研究院 2017 年考博英语涵盖词汇、语法结构、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作六大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与科研相关主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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Steel rods ______ concrete structures when they are placed inside the concrete.
A. delegate B. return C. reform D. reinforce
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If you want this painkiller, you'll have to ask the doctor for a ______.
A. transaction B. permit C. settlement D. prescription
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He is determined to get a ticket for the opera even if it means ______ in a line all night.
A. to stand B. having stood C. to be standing D. standing
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______ fast you drive, I always feel safe with you.
A. Although B. However C. Even if D. Whatever
Believe it or not, optical illusion can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
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The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. a new way of highway speed control
B. a new approach to training drivers
C. a new pattern for painting highways
D. a new type of optical illusion
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The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ______.
A. can keep drivers awake
B. can cut road accidents in half
C. will have a longer effect on drivers
D. will look more attractive
An equally exciting area for research is to genetically alter crops to get higher yields from soils that are infertile or too acidic, toxic, or saline for varieties now in use. Vast land areas of the earth are either not utilized, or are underutilized for economically important crop production.
Directions: Write an article of no less than 200 words entitled "The Importance of Creativity in Scientific Research". Use your own ideas, knowledge or experience with examples to support your argument.
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “钢筋与混凝土结构” 的语义搭配。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. delegate（委托）；B. return（返回）；C. reform（改革）；D. reinforce（加固、强化）。语境为 “钢筋被放入混凝土中时会加固混凝土结构”，“reinforce structures” 为固定语义搭配，符合工程场景逻辑，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦 “止痛药与医生” 的场景搭配。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. transaction（交易）；B. permit（许可）；C. settlement（解决）；D. prescription（处方）。止痛药属于处方药，需医生开具处方才能获取，“ask the doctor for a prescription” 为固定场景表达，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题考查非谓语动词，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “mean doing” 的固定搭配。
- 答案详解：“mean” 在此处意为 “意味着”，后接动名词作宾语，构成 “mean doing” 结构，意为 “意味着做某事”。语境为 “即使意味着通宵排队”，故选 [D]。
[A] to stand（不定式）用于 “mean to do”，意为 “打算做某事”，语义不符；[B] having stood（完成式动名词）表动作先于主句，无逻辑依据；[C] to be standing（不定式进行式）无此搭配，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查让步状语从句引导词，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “形容词 / 副词 + however” 的用法。
- 答案详解：空格后接形容词 “fast”，需用 “however” 引导让步状语从句，结构为 “however + 形容词 / 副词 + 主谓”，意为 “无论多么……”。语境为 “无论你开得多快”，故选 [B]。
[A] Although（虽然）后接从句，不直接接形容词；[C] Even if（即使）后接从句；[D] Whatever（无论什么）后接名词，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查主旨归纳，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对文章核心功能的提炼。
- 答案详解：文章开篇即点明 “视觉错觉可减少公路事故”，随后以日本 “人字形条纹” 为例，说明其通过让司机产生 “车速更快” 的错觉来减速，并提到美国计划借鉴该方法，核心围绕 “利用视觉错觉控制车速” 展开，故选 [A]。
[B]“新的司机培训方法”、[C]“新的公路涂装图案” 仅为表面细节；[D]“新的视觉错觉类型” 未提及，文章侧重错觉的应用而非类型，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦两种道路涂装的效果对比。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “直线水平条纹最初能让车速减半，但几个月后司机习惯后车速会恢复”，而 “人字形条纹不仅让司机觉得车速更快，还会让车道显得更窄，从而带来更持久的车速降低和事故减少效果”，即人字形条纹的优势是效果更持久，故选 [C]。
[A]“让司机保持清醒”、[D]“更具吸引力” 未提及；[B]“减少一半事故” 是直线条纹的初期效果，非人字形条纹的优势，故排除。
另一个同样令人振奋的研究领域是通过基因改造作物，从那些对现有品种而言贫瘠、酸性过强、含有毒物质或盐分过高的土壤中获得更高产量。地球上有大片土地要么未被利用，要么在经济价值重大的作物生产中未得到充分利用。
- 考点定位：本题考查科研类文本英译汉，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“genetically alter crops” 译为 “基因改造作物”，“infertile soils” 译为 “贫瘠土壤”，“saline” 译为 “含盐过高的”，“economically important crop production” 译为 “经济价值重大的作物生产”，符合科研文本规范。
- 句式优化：拆分英文长句，将 “that are infertile or too acidic, toxic, or saline for varieties now in use” 译为后置定语分句 “对现有品种而言贫瘠、酸性过强、含有毒物质或盐分过高的”，避免中文长句堆砌；“either not utilized, or are underutilized” 译为 “要么未被利用，要么未得到充分利用”，语义完整且符合中文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “研究领域 + 改造目的 + 土地利用现状” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递科研文本的核心信息。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦科研主题类议论文写作，核心考查对 “科研中创造力重要性” 的论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
The Importance of Creativity in Scientific Research
Scientific research is a journey of exploring the unknown, and creativity is the core driving force that fuels this journey. Without creativity, scientific progress would be stagnant, as researchers would be confined to existing theories and methods.
Creativity enables researchers to break through traditional frameworks. For example, Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized physics not because he followed existing physical theories, but because he dared to challenge the classical Newtonian system and put forward innovative perspectives on time and space. In the field of agricultural science, the development of genetically modified crops, which can grow in harsh soil conditions, is also a result of creative thinking—scientists abandoned the traditional approach of improving soil and instead modified crop genes to adapt to the environment.
Moreover, creativity helps solve complex scientific problems. Many scientific dilemmas cannot be resolved by conventional methods. For instance, in renewable energy research, the invention of flexible solar panels is a creative breakthrough. Researchers abandoned the rigid structure of traditional solar panels and developed flexible materials, making it possible to apply solar energy in more scenarios.
In conclusion, creativity is indispensable in scientific research. It encourages innovation, breaks through limitations, and provides new solutions to problems. To promote scientific progress, researchers should cultivate creative thinking, dare to question and explore, and combine creativity with rigorous experiments. Only in this way can we continue to make breakthroughs in the scientific field.
- 结构：遵循 “总述创造力的核心地位 — 分述创造力的作用（突破框架、解决难题）— 总结建议” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 200 词要求；
- 内容：结合爱因斯坦相对论、转基因作物、柔性太阳能电池等具体科研案例，论据充分，贴合主题；
- 语言：使用 “core driving force, stagnant, revolutionized, rigid structure, indispensable” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国水利水电科学研究院 2017 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的场景搭配、语法的固定结构、阅读理解的主旨提炼、翻译的科研术语规范及写作的论据支撑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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